๐Ÿ”ฌ

Checkpoint: Science & Future Synthesis

Agent Progress
Built
Keywords
๊ณผํ•™ ๋ฐ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์ข…ํ•ฉ ์–ดํœ˜ / ์‹ฌํ™” ๋ณต์Šต / ์„ฑ์ทจ๋„ ์ตœ์ข… ์ ๊ฒ€
Lesson #
S
Done
Section
Advanced Vocabulary


๐Ÿ”ฌ
TL;DR ๐Ÿฆ„
  • ๐Ÿ”ฌ This checkpoint reviews advanced science and future vocabulary: ๊ณผํ•™์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ (scientific evidence), ๊ฒ€์ฆ (verification), ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜์‹  (technological innovation), ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ์Ÿ์  (ethical issue), and ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ (sustainability).
  • ๐Ÿง  Your goal is synthesis: connect evidence, impact, risk, ethics, and policy response in balanced academic Korean.
  • ๐ŸŒ Strong future-focused writing avoids hype. It explains both ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ ํšจ๊ณผ (expected benefits) and ์œ„ํ—˜ ์š”์†Œ (risk factors).
๐Ÿ”ญ
TL;DR ๐Ÿฆ„
  • ๐Ÿ”ฌ This checkpoint reviews advanced Korean for science, research, technology, ethics, climate, and future society.
  • ๐Ÿง  The goal is synthesis: connect ๊ณผํ•™์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ (scientific evidence), ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜์‹  (technological innovation), ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ์Ÿ์  (ethical issues), and ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ (sustainability) in one clear argument.
  • โš–๏ธ Strong answers avoid vague words like โ€œgood/badโ€ and use precise nouns such as ์˜ํ–ฅ (impact), ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ (negative consequence), ๊ทœ์ œ (regulation), and ์ฑ…์ž„ ์†Œ์žฌ (where responsibility lies).
๐ŸŽง
๐ŸŽง Iru Helper Note
For dense phrases like ๊ณผํ•™ ๋ฐ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์ข…ํ•ฉ ์–ดํœ˜ (science and future synthesis vocabulary), ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ๊ธฐ์ค€๊ณผ ์ œ๋„์  ๊ทœ์ œ (ethical standards and institutional regulation), or ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ™œ์šฉ (sustainable use of technology), type the sentence into
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
to hear it aloud.
๐ŸŽง
๐ŸŽง Iru Helper Note
When you want to hear any Korean word or sentence aloud, open
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
and type it into the widget. Try ๊ณผํ•™์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋‹ค (to present scientific evidence), ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ์Ÿ์ ์ด ์ œ๊ธฐ๋˜๋‹ค (an ethical issue is raised), and ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๋‹ค (to increase sustainability). ๐Ÿ”Š
ย 

๐ŸŒˆ The Big Picture

Science and future-related Korean becomes powerful when you can do more than name topics like AI, climate, research, or technology. Advanced writing needs relationship language: evidence supports claims, experiments verify hypotheses, innovation creates benefits, new systems create risks, and policy must respond.
This checkpoint pulls together vocabulary from science, research, technology, ethics, and sustainability. Think of it as a final โ€œcan I actually use these words together?โ€ test โ€” less flashcard pile, more elegant lab report with a tiny futuristic cape. ๐Ÿงฌ๐Ÿฆธ
Core areas:

  • ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ = technology and future society
  • ์œค๋ฆฌ์™€ ์œ„ํ—˜ = ethics and risk
  • ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ = environment and sustainability
  • ์ข…ํ•ฉ์  ๋ถ„์„ = comprehensive analysis
  • ๊ฐ€์„ค = hypothesis

๐ŸŽจ The Core Science & Future Family

1. Research evidence vocabulary ๐Ÿ”ฌ

Use this family when explaining how a claim is supported.
๊ณผํ•™์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ = scientific evidence
  • ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๋‹ค = to form a hypothesis
  • ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋‹ค = to analyze experimental results
  • ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๋‹ค = to verify a hypothesis
  • ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๋‹ค = to increase data reliability
  • ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค = sufficient verification is necessary
Nuance: ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ (evidence/basis) supports a claim; ์›์ธ (cause) explains why something happened; ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ (result) is what happened; ์˜ํ–ฅ (impact) is the effect something has. Keep those four cousins in separate lab coats. ๐Ÿงฅ

2. Technology and future-society vocabulary ๐Ÿค–

Use this family when discussing progress, structural change, and social impact.
  • ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜์‹ ์ด ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”๋˜๋‹ค = technological innovation accelerates
  • ์—…๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์ž๋™ํ™”๋˜๋‹ค = work becomes automated
  • ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ „ํ™˜ = digital transformation
  • ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค = to use artificial intelligence
  • ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ „ํ™˜์„ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๋‹ค = to pursue digital transformation
์˜ˆ์ƒ์น˜ ๋ชปํ•œ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋‹ค = unexpected side effects appear
Nuance: ํ˜์‹  is not just โ€œnew stuff.โ€ It means meaningful change that improves or transforms a system. A shiny gadget alone is not ํ˜์‹ ; it is just a gadget with confidence. ๐Ÿ“ฑ

3. Ethics and risk vocabulary โš–๏ธ

Use this family when a new technology creates social or moral questions.
  • ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ์Ÿ์ ์ด ์ œ๊ธฐ๋˜๋‹ค = an ethical issue is raised

3. ์œค๋ฆฌ์™€ ์œ„ํ—˜ โ€” ethics and risk

  • ์‚ฌ์ƒํ™œ ์นจํ•ด๋ฅผ ์šฐ๋ คํ•˜๋‹ค = to worry about invasion of privacy
  • ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์ด ์‹ฌํ™”๋˜๋‹ค = inequality deepens
  • ์ฑ…์ž„ ์†Œ์žฌ๋ฅผ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•˜๋‹ค = to clarify where responsibility lies
  • ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค = appropriate regulation is necessary
Nuance: ์Ÿ์  (issue under debate), ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ (risk), ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ (negative side effect), and ํ•œ๊ณ„ (limitation) overlap, but they are not identical.

4. Environment and sustainability vocabulary ๐ŸŒ

  • Use this family when connecting science and policy to long-term survival.
  • ๊ธฐํ›„ ์œ„๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๋‹ค = to respond to the climate crisis
  • ์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๋‹ค = to expand renewable energy
  • ์ž์› ๊ณ ๊ฐˆ์„ ๋ง‰๋‹ค = to prevent resource depletion
  • ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๋‹ค = to increase sustainability
  • ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์„ ์ค„์ด๋‹ค = to reduce carbon emissions
Nuance: ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ is broader than โ€œgreen.โ€ It often includes environment, economy, technology, policy, and future generations. ๐ŸŒฑ

๐Ÿ› ๏ธ How They Work in a Sentence

Pattern 1: claim + evidence
  • ์ด ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์™€ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์ธ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
  • โ€œTo accept this claim, sufficient scientific evidence and repeated verification are necessary.โ€ ๐Ÿ”ฌ
Pattern 2: technology benefit + risk
  • ์ž๋™ํ™”๋Š” ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ง๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
  • โ€œAutomation increases productivity, whereas it may also replace some job duties.โ€ ๐Ÿญ
  • Pattern 3: future solution
  • ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
  • โ€œTo increase the sustainability of future society, policies based on scientific evidence and appropriate regulation are necessary.โ€ ๐ŸŒ


๐Ÿงฉ General Formation Rule

  • For science and future synthesis, build sentences with this balanced structure:
    • To argue for the effectiveness of a new treatment, sufficient scientific evidence is necessary. ๐Ÿ’Š
      Notes: ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋‹ค means โ€œto argue for effectiveness,โ€ and ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค means โ€œevidence is necessary.โ€
  • ํ˜„์ƒ + ๊ธ์ •์  ํšจ๊ณผ + ์šฐ๋ ค/ํ•œ๊ณ„ + ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ
    • Automation can increase productivity, whereas it may replace some work roles. ๐Ÿค–
      Notes: -๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— builds a balanced contrast.
  • phenomenon + positive effect + concern/limitation + solution direction
    • To achieve sustainable development, carbon emissions must be reduced and renewable energy expanded. ๐ŸŒฑ
      Notes: -๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” means โ€œin order to,โ€ useful for solution sentences.

N์ด/๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”๋˜๋ฉด์„œ N๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ œ๊ธฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. = As N accelerates, N is also being raised.

  • N์€ N์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, N์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค. = N makes N possible, but it also has the limitation of N.
  • N์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” N์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. = To solve N, policy based on N is necessary.
    • ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์‚ฌ์ƒํ™œ ์นจํ•ด์™€ ์ฑ…์ž„ ์†Œ์žฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
    • Artificial intelligence technology increases the efficiency of medical services, but privacy invasion and responsibility issues must also be considered.
  • N์€ N์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— N์„ ์‹ฌํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. = N increases N, whereas it may deepen N.
    • ์ด ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์™€ ๊ฒ€์ฆ ๊ณผ์ •์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
    • To accept this claim, more sufficient scientific evidence and a verification process are necessary.

The key vocabulary and formal usage patterns in this checkpoint were cross-checked against National Institute of Korean Language resources and public materials available through korean.go.kr, including materials related to Korean vocabulary, education, assessment, AI, and standard curriculum terminology. โœ…


๊ทผ๊ฑฐ (evidence/basis) vs. ์›์ธ (cause): evidence supports a claim; cause explains why a phenomenon happened.

  • ๊ฒ€์ฆ (verification) vs. ์ฆ๋ช… (proof): ๊ฒ€์ฆ emphasizes checking or testing; ์ฆ๋ช… is stronger.
  • ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ (side effect) vs. ํ•œ๊ณ„ (limitation): a side effect is a negative outcome; a limitation is a boundary of effectiveness.
  • ๊ทœ์ œ (regulation) vs. ๊ด€๋ฆฌ (management): ๊ทœ์ œ restricts by rule; ๊ด€๋ฆฌ organizes and oversees.
  • ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ (sustainability) vs. ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ฑ (eco-friendliness): sustainability is broader and more long-term.


โš ๏ธ Pitfalls to Dodge

  • โŒ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์ข‹๋‹ค. โ†’ โœ… ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜์‹ ์€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ์Ÿ์ ๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•œ๋‹ค. (Replace vague praise with balanced analysis.)
  • โŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์˜ ์›์ธ์€ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค. โ†’ โœ… ์ด ์ฃผ์žฅ์˜ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค. (Experimental results support a claim; they are not always the cause.)
  • โŒ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ง์—…์„ ์—†์•จ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. โ†’ โœ… ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์€ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ง๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค. (Avoid absolute future claims.)
  • โŒ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ฉด ๋œ๋‹ค. โ†’ โœ… ๊ธฐํ›„ ์œ„๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ ๊ฐ์ถ•์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. (Use precise policy language.)
  • โŒ ๊ณผํ•™์  ๋А๋‚Œ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. โ†’ โœ… ๊ณผํ•™์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. (Academic Korean needs evidence, not vibes. The lab coat rejects vibes.) ๐Ÿฅผ


๐Ÿš€ You are ready to synthesize science and future vocabulary when you can discuss evidence, innovation, ethics, risk, and sustainability in the same paragraph without sounding like a robot wrote a weather forecast. Excellent upgrade. ๐Ÿค–๐ŸŒฆ๏ธ
ย 

Try this exercise

Practice synthesis vocabulary. Complete each Korean sentence, read the full sentence aloud, then open the Answer toggle to check the meaning and reasoning.
1. ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
To argue for the effectiveness of a new treatment, sufficient scientific evidence is necessary. ๐Ÿ’Š
Answer
๊ณผํ•™์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ โ€” A claim needs evidence, not just confidence.
2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋Š” ๋จผ์ € ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ์„ธ์šด ๋’ค ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The researcher first formed a hypothesis and then verified it through an experiment. ๐Ÿงช
Answer
๊ฒ€์ฆ โ€” The natural pairing is ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๋‹ค.
3. ๊ณต์žฅ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๊ณผ์ •์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ธ๋ ฅ์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค.
As the factory production process became automated, the necessary workforce decreased. ๐Ÿญ
Answer
์ž๋™ํ™” โ€” The verb frame is ์—…๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์ž๋™ํ™”๋˜๋‹ค or ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์ž๋™ํ™”๋˜๋‹ค.
4. ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์ด ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
When AI analyzes personal information, privacy invasion issues may occur. ๐Ÿ”
Answer
์‚ฌ์ƒํ™œ ์นจํ•ด โ€” Personal information analysis can raise privacy concerns.
5. ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ ธ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€, ์ฆ‰ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
When using a new technology, who should be responsible โ€” that is, where responsibility lies โ€” must be clarified. โš–๏ธ
Answer
์ฑ…์ž„ ์†Œ์žฌ โ€” This means where responsibility lies.
6. ์„์œ ์™€ ์„ํƒ„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ณ  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
We should reduce the use of oil and coal and expand renewable energy. ๐ŸŒฑ
Answer
์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ โ€” Renewable energy contrasts naturally with fossil fuels.
7. ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
To respond to climate change, policies that reduce carbon emissions are necessary. ๐ŸŒ
Answer
ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ โ€” Climate policy often targets carbon emissions.
8. ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ปค์ง€๋ฉด ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If the gap in access to technology grows, worsening social inequality may appear. ๐Ÿง‘โ€๐Ÿ’ป
Answer
๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ ์‹ฌํ™” โ€” Unequal access can intensify inequality.
9. ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ์—…๋ฌด ํšจ์œจ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Companies are promoting digital transformation to increase work efficiency. ๐Ÿ’ผ
Answer
๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ „ํ™˜ โ€” The natural chunk is ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ „ํ™˜์„ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๋‹ค.
10. ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
For long-term development, not only economic growth but also environmental sustainability must be considered. ๐ŸŒฟ
Answer
์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ โ€” Long-term development needs sustainability.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ• โ†’ treatment method
  • ํšจ๊ณผ โ†’ effect/effectiveness
  • ๊ณผํ•™์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ โ†’ scientific evidence
  • ๊ฐ€์„ค โ†’ hypothesis
  • ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to verify/test
  • ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๊ณผ์ • โ†’ production process
  • ์ž๋™ํ™”๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be automated
  • ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ โ†’ artificial intelligence
  • ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ •๋ณด โ†’ personal information
  • ์‚ฌ์ƒํ™œ ์นจํ•ด โ†’ invasion of privacy
  • ์ฑ…์ž„ ์†Œ์žฌ โ†’ where responsibility lies
  • ์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ โ†’ renewable energy
  • ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ โ†’ carbon emissions
  • ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ โ†’ access to technology
  • ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ ์‹ฌํ™” โ†’ worsening inequality
  • ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ „ํ™˜ โ†’ digital transformation
  • ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ โ†’ sustainability
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Identify the domain first: research, technology, ethics, or environment.

๐Ÿš€
Want more reps? Visit the Practice Hub when you're ready! Your synthesis engine is warming up. ๐Ÿ”ญ
Complete each sentence with the most natural science/future vocabulary. Read the whole sentence first, then open the Answer toggle to check the reason.
1. ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
To argue for a new treatment method, sufficient scientific evidence is necessary. ๐Ÿฉบ
Answer
๊ทผ๊ฑฐ โ€” ๊ณผํ•™์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ supports a claim.
2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋Š” ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ์„ธ์šด ๋’ค ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The researcher formed a hypothesis and verified it through an experiment. ๐Ÿงช
Answer
๊ฒ€์ฆ โ€” ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๋‹ค means โ€œto verify a hypothesis.โ€
3. ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜์‹ ์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์‚ฐ์—… ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋„ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
As technological innovation accelerates, industrial structures are changing quickly. ๐Ÿญ
Answer
๊ฐ€์†ํ™” โ€” ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”๋˜๋‹ค means โ€œto accelerate.โ€
4. ์ž๋™ํ™”๋Š” ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ผ๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Automation increases productivity, whereas it may bring the side effect of job loss. ๐Ÿค–
Answer
๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ โ€” ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ is a negative side effect.
5. ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ •๋ณด ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์ƒํ™œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
In the process of collecting personal information, invasion of privacy may occur. ๐Ÿ”
Answer
์นจํ•ด โ€” ์‚ฌ์ƒํ™œ ์นจํ•ด = invasion of privacy.
6. ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ฑ…์ž„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
When an accident occurs, where responsibility lies must be clarified. โš–๏ธ
Answer
์†Œ์žฌ โ€” ์ฑ…์ž„ ์†Œ์žฌ = where responsibility lies.
7. ๊ธฐํ›„ ์œ„๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
To respond to the climate crisis, carbon emissions must be reduced. ๐ŸŒ
Answer
์ค„์—ฌ โ€” ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์„ ์ค„์ด๋‹ค = to reduce carbon emissions.
8. ์„์œ  ์˜์กด๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๊ณ  ์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Dependence on oil should be lowered and renewable energy should be expanded. โšก
Answer
ํ™•๋Œ€ โ€” ์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๋‹ค = to expand renewable energy.
9. ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Differences in access to technology may worsen social inequality. ๐Ÿšง
Answer
์‹ฌํ™” โ€” ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ์‹ฌํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋‹ค = to deepen/worsen inequality.
10. ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๋ ค๋ฉด ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ์ •์ฑ…์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋‹ค.
To increase sustainability in future society, long-term policy is necessary. ๐Ÿงญ
Answer
ํ•„์š” โ€” ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค = to be necessary.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ• โ†’ treatment method
  • ๊ณผํ•™์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ โ†’ scientific evidence
  • ๊ฐ€์„ค โ†’ hypothesis
  • ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to verify
  • ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜์‹  โ†’ technological innovation
  • ์ž๋™ํ™” โ†’ automation
  • ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ โ†’ side effect
  • ์‚ฌ์ƒํ™œ ์นจํ•ด โ†’ invasion of privacy
  • ์ฑ…์ž„ ์†Œ์žฌ โ†’ where responsibility lies
  • ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ โ†’ carbon emissions
  • ์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ โ†’ renewable energy

๐Ÿš€
Want more reps? Visit the Practice Hub when you're ready! Your science-and-future vocabulary is entering final-check mode. ๐Ÿ”ฌ
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๐Ÿ“ฆ
๐ŸŽฏ Practice Hub โ€” Science & Future Synthesis Checkpoint
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Welcome to your final synthesis checkpoint for science and future vocabulary. ๐Ÿ”ญ Youโ€™ll practice connecting research evidence, technological change, ethical risk, and sustainability in clear analytical Korean. The mission is simple: no vague โ€œgood/badโ€ fog, only precise nouns with tiny laser pointers. ๐Ÿ”ฆ
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๐Ÿ”Š Audio reminder: Use
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
whenever you want to hear a sentence or term aloud.
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๐Ÿ“ Instructions: Complete each blank with the most precise Korean word or phrase. Read the full sentence, decide whether it belongs to research, technology, ethics, environment, or synthesis, then open the Answer toggle.
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Exercise 1 โ€” Research Evidence and Claims ๐Ÿ”ฌ

A. ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ์„ค๋“๋ ฅ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ธ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
To make a claim persuasive, objective evidence is necessary. ๐Ÿ“š
Answer
๊ทผ๊ฑฐ โ€” Evidence supports a claim.
B. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ์„ธ์› ๋‹ค.
The researcher formed a new hypothesis to explain the phenomenon. ๐Ÿงช
Answer
๊ฐ€์„ค โ€” A hypothesis is proposed before verification.
C. ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ์‹คํ—˜์€ ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค.
Repeated experiments help increase the credibility of data. ๐Ÿ”
Answer
์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ โ€” Repeated testing can strengthen reliability.
D. ์‹คํ—˜ ํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํŒ€์€ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
After the experiment, the research team analyzed the collected results. ๐Ÿ“Š
Answer
๋ถ„์„ โ€” The natural chunk is ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋‹ค.
E. ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๊ฒ€ํ†  ์—†์ด ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ์•ฝํ•ด์ง„๋‹ค.
If a conclusion is made without sufficient review, the studyโ€™s validity weakens. ๐Ÿงฎ
Answer
ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ โ€” Validity asks whether the reasoning or method is appropriate.
F. ์ด ์ด๋ก ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
This theory was verified through several experiments. ๐Ÿงซ
Answer
๊ฒ€์ฆ โ€” Use ๊ฒ€์ฆ๋˜๋‹ค for โ€œto be verified.โ€
G. ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋‹ค.
If data is insufficient, it is difficult to generalize the conclusion. ๐Ÿ“‰
Answer
์–ด๋ ต โ€” The full form is ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค; limited data weakens generalization.
H. ๊ณผํ•™์  ๋…ผ์˜์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๋ฏฟ์Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
In scientific discussion, experimental results are more important than personal belief. ๐Ÿงช
Answer
์‹คํ—˜ โ€” The chunk is ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ.
I. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ํˆฌ์ž ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
An increase in research investment can be an important cause of technological development. ๐Ÿ’ฐ
Answer
์›์ธ โ€” Cause explains why a phenomenon happens.
J. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ด ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•œ๋‹ค.
The results of several studies support this claim. ๐Ÿงฑ
Answer
๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจ โ€” The phrase ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•˜๋‹ค means to support a claim.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ์ฃผ์žฅ โ†’ claim
  • ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ธ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ โ†’ objective evidence
  • ํ˜„์ƒ โ†’ phenomenon
  • ๊ฐ€์„ค โ†’ hypothesis
  • ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ์‹คํ—˜ โ†’ repeated experiment
  • ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ โ†’ reliability/credibility
  • ์—ฐ๊ตฌํŒ€ โ†’ research team
  • ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to analyze
  • ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ โ†’ validity
  • ์ด๋ก  โ†’ theory
  • ๊ฒ€์ฆ๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be verified
  • ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to generalize
  • ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ โ†’ experimental result
  • ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ํˆฌ์ž โ†’ research investment
  • ์›์ธ โ†’ cause
  • ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to support
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ supports an argument; ์›์ธ causes a phenomenon.
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Exercise 2 โ€” Technology and Future Society ๐Ÿค–

A. ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์‚ฐ์—… ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
As technological innovation accelerates, the industrial structure is rapidly changing. โš™๏ธ
Answer
ํ˜์‹  โ€” The chunk is ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜์‹ .
B. ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์ธ ํ–‰์ • ์—…๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋˜๋ฉด ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋นจ๋ผ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If repetitive administrative work is automated, processing speed can become faster. ๐Ÿ—‚๏ธ
Answer
์ž๋™ํ™” โ€” The frame is ์—…๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์ž๋™ํ™”๋˜๋‹ค.
C. ๋ณ‘์›์€ ์ง„๋‹จ ๋ณด์กฐ์— ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Hospitals are using artificial intelligence for diagnostic support. ๐Ÿฅ
Answer
์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ โ€” The natural chunk is ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค.
D. ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๊ฒฝ์˜์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Companies promote digital transformation for data-based management. ๐Ÿ’ผ
Answer
์ „ํ™˜ โ€” The phrase is ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ „ํ™˜.
E. ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•จ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ์˜ˆ์ƒ์น˜ ๋ชปํ•œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ๋‚ณ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
New technology can provide convenience while also producing unexpected negative consequences. โš ๏ธ
Answer
๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ โ€” This means unwanted side effect or negative consequence.
F. ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๊ต์œก ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์€ ํ•™์Šต์ž์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Online education platforms can increase learnersโ€™ access. ๐Ÿ’ป
Answer
๋†’์ผ โ€” The phrase ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๋‹ค means to increase access.
G. ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐœ์ „์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฐ์—…์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Technological development may also create new industries. ๐Ÿ—๏ธ
Answer
๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด โ€” The phrase ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด๋‹ค means to create/produce.
H. ์ž๋™ํ™”๋Š” ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์— ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ง๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Automation may replace some tasks, while increasing productivity. ๐Ÿญ
Answer
๋ฐ˜๋ฉด โ€” The connector -๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— creates contrast.
I. ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ™œ์šฉ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
In future society, the ability to use technology may become an important competence. ๐Ÿง‘โ€๐Ÿ’ป
Answer
์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ โ€” This means competence/capability.
J. ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ต์œก ์ œ๋„๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
To respond to technological change, the education system must also change. ๐Ÿซ
Answer
๋ณ€ํ™” โ€” Policy and education systems must change along with technology.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜์‹  โ†’ technological innovation
  • ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to accelerate
  • ์‚ฐ์—… ๊ตฌ์กฐ โ†’ industrial structure
  • ํ–‰์ • ์—…๋ฌด โ†’ administrative work
  • ์ž๋™ํ™”๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be automated
  • ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์†๋„ โ†’ processing speed
  • ์ง„๋‹จ ๋ณด์กฐ โ†’ diagnostic support
  • ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ โ†’ artificial intelligence
  • ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ „ํ™˜ โ†’ digital transformation
  • ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๊ฒฝ์˜ โ†’ data-based management
  • ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ โ†’ negative consequence
  • ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ โ†’ access/accessibility
  • ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด๋‹ค โ†’ to create/produce
  • -๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— โ†’ whereas/on the other hand
  • ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ โ†’ competence
  • ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to change
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก For technology topics, always ask: what improves, what changes, and what risk appears?
ย 

Exercise 3 โ€” Ethics, Risk, and Regulation โš–๏ธ

A. ์œ ์ „์ž ํŽธ์ง‘ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•œ๋‹ค.
Gene-editing technology raises new ethical issues. ๐Ÿงฌ
Answer
์Ÿ์  โ€” The chunk is ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ์Ÿ์ .
B. ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If personal information is used without permission, privacy invasion may occur. ๐Ÿ”
Answer
์‚ฌ์ƒํ™œ ์นจํ•ด โ€” This is a key risk in data use.
C. ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Differences in access to technology can worsen social inequality. ๐Ÿ“‰
Answer
์‹ฌํ™” โ€” The phrase is ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ์‹ฌํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋‹ค.
D. ์ž์œจ ์ฃผํ–‰ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
If an autonomous driving accident occurs, responsibility must be clarified. ๐Ÿš—
Answer
์ฑ…์ž„ ์†Œ์žฌ โ€” This asks where responsibility lies.
E. ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
Appropriate regulation is necessary to reduce risk. ๐Ÿ“œ
Answer
๊ทœ์ œ โ€” Regulation is a policy response to risk.
F. ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ™œ์šฉ์—๋Š” ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•จ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋„ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค.
In technology use, limitations exist along with convenience. ๐Ÿงฑ
Answer
ํ•œ๊ณ„ โ€” A limitation is a boundary or weakness.
G. ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํŽธํ–ฅ์€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ํŒ๋‹จ์„ ๋‚ณ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Data bias has the risk of producing wrong judgments. โš ๏ธ
Answer
์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ โ€” This means risk or danger potential.
H. ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Technology developers must consider social responsibility. ๐Ÿง‘โ€๐Ÿ”ฌ
Answer
์ฑ…์ž„ โ€” Ethics vocabulary often includes responsibility.
I. ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ œ๋„๋Š” ํ˜์‹ ์„ ๋ง‰๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
New systems should aim to manage risks rather than block innovation. ๐Ÿ› ๏ธ
Answer
๊ด€๋ฆฌ โ€” The phrase ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋‹ค is natural.
J. ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ์—†์œผ๋ฉด ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ™œ์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ฐ€ ์ปค์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Without ethical standards, social concern about technology use may grow. ๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธ
Answer
์šฐ๋ ค โ€” This means concern or worry.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ์œ ์ „์ž ํŽธ์ง‘ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  โ†’ gene-editing technology
  • ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ์Ÿ์  โ†’ ethical issue
  • ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ •๋ณด โ†’ personal information
  • ๋ฌด๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ โ†’ without permission
  • ์‚ฌ์ƒํ™œ ์นจํ•ด โ†’ invasion of privacy
  • ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ โ†’ access to technology
  • ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ์‹ฌํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋‹ค โ†’ to worsen inequality
  • ์ž์œจ ์ฃผํ–‰ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  โ†’ autonomous driving accident
  • ์ฑ…์ž„ ์†Œ์žฌ โ†’ where responsibility lies
  • ๊ทœ์ œ โ†’ regulation
  • ํ•œ๊ณ„ โ†’ limitation
  • ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํŽธํ–ฅ โ†’ data bias
  • ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ โ†’ risk potential
  • ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ฑ…์ž„ โ†’ social responsibility
  • ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to manage risk
  • ์šฐ๋ ค โ†’ concern
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Ethics sentences become stronger when they name the risk and the response.
ย 

Exercise 4 โ€” Environment and Sustainability ๐ŸŒฑ

A. ๊ฐ๊ตญ์€ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Countries are cooperating to respond to the climate crisis. ๐ŸŒ
Answer
์œ„๊ธฐ โ€” The phrase is ๊ธฐํ›„ ์œ„๊ธฐ.
B. ์„ํƒ„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ณ  ์žฌ์ƒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Coal use should be reduced and renewable energy expanded. โšก
Answer
์—๋„ˆ์ง€ โ€” The phrase ์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ means renewable energy.
C. ๋ฌด๋ถ„๋ณ„ํ•œ ์†Œ๋น„๋Š” ์ž์› ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ์•ž๋‹น๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Reckless consumption can accelerate resource depletion. ๐Ÿชจ
Answer
๊ณ ๊ฐˆ โ€” Resource depletion is ์ž์› ๊ณ ๊ฐˆ.
D. ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
For long-term development, environmental sustainability must be considered. ๐ŸŒฟ
Answer
์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ โ€” Sustainability is central to long-term development.
E. ๊ธฐํ›„ ์ •์ฑ…์€ ํƒ„์†Œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋‘”๋‹ค.
Climate policy focuses on reducing carbon emissions. ๐Ÿญ
Answer
๋ฐฐ์ถœ โ€” The phrase is ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ.
F. ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Eco-friendly technology can connect economic growth and environmental protection. ๐ŸŒ‰
Answer
์—ฐ๊ฒฐ โ€” Synthesis often links economy and environment.
G. ์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํ™•๋Œ€๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Expansion of renewable energy can increase the sustainability of the energy industry. ๐Ÿ”‹
Answer
๋†’์ผ โ€” The chunk is ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๋‹ค.
H. ๊ธฐํ›„ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์  ๋ถ„์„๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ •์ฑ…์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค.
The climate crisis requires not only scientific analysis but also policy response. ๐Ÿ“‹
Answer
๋Œ€์‘ โ€” The phrase ์ •์ฑ…์  ๋Œ€์‘ means policy response.
I. ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์†Œ๋น„๋Š” ์ž์› ๊ณ ๊ฐˆ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค.
Sustainable consumption helps prevent resource depletion. โ™ป๏ธ
Answer
๋ง‰ โ€” The full form is ๋ง‰๋‹ค (to prevent).
J. ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์  ์ด์ต๋ณด๋‹ค ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์—์„œ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Environmental issues should be approached from a long-term perspective rather than short-term profit. ๐Ÿงญ
Answer
๊ด€์  โ€” The phrase ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ๊ด€์  means long-term perspective.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ๊ฐ๊ตญ โ†’ each country / countries
  • ๊ธฐํ›„ ์œ„๊ธฐ โ†’ climate crisis
  • ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to respond
  • ์„ํƒ„ โ†’ coal
  • ์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ โ†’ renewable energy
  • ๋ฌด๋ถ„๋ณ„ํ•œ ์†Œ๋น„ โ†’ reckless consumption
  • ์ž์› ๊ณ ๊ฐˆ โ†’ resource depletion
  • ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ๋ฐœ์ „ โ†’ long-term development
  • ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ โ†’ sustainability
  • ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ โ†’ carbon emissions
  • ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  โ†’ eco-friendly technology
  • ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to connect
  • ํ™•๋Œ€ โ†’ expansion
  • ์ •์ฑ…์  ๋Œ€์‘ โ†’ policy response
  • ๋ง‰๋‹ค โ†’ to prevent
  • ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ๊ด€์  โ†’ long-term perspective
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Sustainability sentences usually need both the environmental problem and the policy or behavior response.
ย 

Exercise 5 โ€” Mixed Synthesis + Pitfall Patrol ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ

A. ๊ณผํ•™ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์ข‹๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ณผํ•™ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ํŽธ์ด ๋‚ซ๋‹ค.
Rather than saying science and technology are good, it is better to explain their positive effects. โœ…
Answer
๊ธ์ •์  โ€” โŒ Vague โ€œgoodโ€ โ†’ โœ… Specific positive effect.
B. ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ง์—…์„ ์—†์•จ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์€ ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ธ ์˜ˆ์ธก์ด๋‹ค.
The claim that AI will eliminate all jobs is an overly absolute prediction. ๐Ÿค–
Answer
์ ˆ๋Œ€์  โ€” โŒ Absolute prediction โ†’ โœ… Balanced possibility statement.
C. ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ณด๋‹ค ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
When stating the reason for technological development, the cause should be explained rather than the impact. ๐Ÿง 
Answer
์›์ธ โ€” โŒ Mixing cause and impact โ†’ โœ… Cause explains why something happens.
D. ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์›์ธ๋ณด๋‹ค ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์— ๊ฐ€๊น๋‹ค.
Data supporting a claim is closer to evidence than cause. ๐Ÿ“š
Answer
๊ทผ๊ฑฐ โ€” โŒ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ is not the same as ์›์ธ.
E. ์ƒˆ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋งŒ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง๊ณ  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์Ÿ์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
When discussing risks of new technology, instead of repeating โ€œproblem,โ€ you can say ethical issue. โš–๏ธ
Answer
์œค๋ฆฌ์  โ€” โŒ Repeating ๋ฌธ์ œ โ†’ โœ… Use ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ์Ÿ์  when ethics are involved.
F. ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ™œ์šฉ์˜ ํ•œ์ชฝ ๋ฉด๋งŒ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ง๊ณ  ์žฅ์ ๊ณผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ œ์‹œํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Do not see only one side of technology use; present strengths and limitations together. ๐Ÿงฑ
Answer
ํ•œ๊ณ„ โ€” Balanced evaluation needs both benefits and limits.
G. ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ, ์˜ํ–ฅ, ์šฐ๋ ค, ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ฉด ์ข‹๋‹ค.
When explaining future social change, it is good to connect phenomenon, impact, concern, and solution direction. ๐Ÿงญ
Answer
ํ•ด๊ฒฐ โ€” A synthesis paragraph should end with a realistic response or solution direction.
H. ์‚ฌ์ƒํ™œ ์นจํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ ค๋˜๋ฉด ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ™œ์šฉ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ œ๋„์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋„ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
If privacy invasion is a concern, institutional regulation should also be discussed along with technology use. ๐Ÿ”
Answer
๊ทœ์ œ โ€” Risk should connect to response.
I. ๊ธฐํ›„ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ ๊ฐ์ถ•๊ณผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํ™•๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
When explaining climate policy, carbon-emission reduction and renewable-energy expansion can be mentioned together. ๐ŸŒฑ
Answer
์žฌ์ƒ โ€” The phrase is ์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€.
J. ์ข‹๋‹ค, ๋‚˜์˜๋‹ค๋ณด๋‹ค ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ, ์Ÿ์  ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋ฉด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋” ๋ถ„์„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆฐ๋‹ค.
Using nouns like impact, negative consequence, and issue sounds more analytical than โ€œgoodโ€ and โ€œbad.โ€ ๐Ÿ”ฆ
Answer
์˜ํ–ฅ โ€” Precise abstract nouns make academic Korean stronger.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ๊ณผํ•™ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  โ†’ science and technology
  • ๊ธ์ •์  ํšจ๊ณผ โ†’ positive effect
  • ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ โ†’ artificial intelligence
  • ์ ˆ๋Œ€์  ์˜ˆ์ธก โ†’ absolute prediction
  • ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐœ์ „ โ†’ technological development
  • ์›์ธ โ†’ cause
  • ์˜ํ–ฅ โ†’ impact
  • ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ โ†’ evidence/basis
  • ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ์Ÿ์  โ†’ ethical issue
  • ์žฅ์  โ†’ strength/advantage
  • ํ•œ๊ณ„ โ†’ limitation
  • ์šฐ๋ ค โ†’ concern
  • ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ โ†’ solution direction
  • ์‚ฌ์ƒํ™œ ์นจํ•ด โ†’ invasion of privacy
  • ์ œ๋„์  ๊ทœ์ œ โ†’ institutional regulation
  • ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ ๊ฐ์ถ• โ†’ carbon-emission reduction
  • ์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํ™•๋Œ€ โ†’ renewable-energy expansion
  • ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ โ†’ negative consequence
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Final checkpoint: define the topic, explain the evidence, balance the risk, and name a solution.
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๐ŸŽ‰ Checkpoint complete. You can now connect ๊ณผํ•™์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ (scientific evidence), ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜์‹  (technological innovation), ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ์Ÿ์  (ethical issues), and ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ (sustainability) without turning your paragraph into vocabulary soup. Academic spaceship cleared for launch. ๐Ÿš€
๐Ÿ“ฆ
๐ŸŽฏ Practice Hub โ€” Science & Future Synthesis
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Welcome to the final synthesis hub for science and future vocabulary. ๐Ÿ”ฌ You will practice evidence language, research logic, technology impact, ethics, risk, climate policy, and sustainability โ€” all the vocabulary that makes advanced Korean sound analytical instead of vaguely futuristic. ๐Ÿš€
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๐Ÿ”Š Audio reminder: Use
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
whenever you want to hear a sentence aloud.
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Exercise 1 โ€” Research Evidence ๐Ÿ”ฌ

A. ์ด ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ธ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
To support this claim, objective evidence is necessary.
Answer
๊ทผ๊ฑฐ โ€” ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ means evidence supporting a claim.
B. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๊ณ  ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The researcher formed a new hypothesis and collected data.
Answer
๊ฐ€์„ค โ€” ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๋‹ค = to form a hypothesis.
C. ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•œ ๋’ค ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋„์ถœํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
After analyzing the experimental results, a conclusion was derived.
Answer
๋ถ„์„ โ€” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋‹ค = to analyze results.
D. ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ ค๋ฉด ํ‘œ๋ณธ์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
To increase data reliability, the sample should be expanded.
Answer
๋†’์ด โ€” ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๋‹ค = to increase reliability.
E. ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ์‹คํ—˜์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค.
Repeated experiments help verify research results.
Answer
๊ฒ€์ฆ โ€” ๊ฒ€์ฆ is verification.
F. ํ˜„์ƒ์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
Additional investigation is needed to reveal the cause.
Answer
์›์ธ โ€” ์›์ธ explains why something happened.
G. ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋Š” ์žฅ๊ธฐ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
The effect of the new medicine was confirmed through long-term observation.
Answer
ํšจ๊ณผ โ€” ํšจ๊ณผ means effect or effectiveness.
H. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ณธ์ด ์ž‘๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด๋‹ค.
The limitation of this study is that the sample is small.
Answer
ํ•œ๊ณ„ โ€” ํ•œ๊ณ„ = limitation.
I. ์ฃผ์žฅ์˜ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Several materials were compared to review the validity of the claim.
Answer
๊ฒ€ํ†  โ€” ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋‹ค = to review validity.
J. ๊ณผํ•™์  ๋…ผ์˜๋Š” ๊ฐ์ •์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ž๋ฃŒ์— ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Scientific discussion should be based on data, not emotion.
Answer
๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ โ€” ์ž๋ฃŒ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋‹ค = to be based on data.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box: ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ evidence; ๊ฐ€์„ค hypothesis; ๋ถ„์„ analysis; ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ reliability; ๊ฒ€์ฆ verification; ์›์ธ cause; ํšจ๊ณผ effect; ํ•œ๊ณ„ limitation.
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Exercise 2 โ€” Technology and Future Society ๐Ÿค–

A. ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜์‹ ์ด ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์‚ฐ์—… ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
As technological innovation accelerates, industrial structures are changing.
Answer
๊ฐ€์†ํ™” โ€” ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”๋˜๋‹ค = to accelerate.
B. ๊ณต์žฅ ์—…๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•„์กŒ๋‹ค.
As factory tasks became automated, productivity increased.
Answer
์ž๋™ํ™” โ€” ์—…๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์ž๋™ํ™”๋˜๋‹ค = tasks become automated.
C. ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ „ํ™˜์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Companies are pursuing digital transformation.
Answer
์ถ”์ง„ โ€” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ „ํ™˜์„ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๋‹ค = to pursue digital transformation.
D. ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋ฉด ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If AI is used, large amounts of data can be analyzed quickly.
Answer
ํ™œ์šฉ โ€” ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค = to use AI.
E. ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์˜ˆ์ƒ์น˜ ๋ชปํ•œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
New technology can bring unexpected side effects.
Answer
๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ โ€” ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ = negative side effect.
F. ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐœ์ „์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค.
Technological development changes the structure of future society.
Answer
๋ณ€ํ™” โ€” ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋‹ค = to change.
G. ์ž๋™ํ™”๋Š” ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ง๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Automation may replace some job duties.
Answer
๋Œ€์ฒด โ€” ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜๋‹ค = to replace.
H. ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
The long-term impact of technology should be reviewed comprehensively.
Answer
์ข…ํ•ฉ โ€” ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋‹ค = to review comprehensively.
I. ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฐ์—…์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค.
New industries present various possibilities to society.
Answer
๊ฐ€๋Šฅ โ€” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ = possibility.
J. ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜์‹ ์€ ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•จ๊ณผ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค.
Technological innovation creates both convenience and risk.
Answer
ํ•จ๊ป˜ โ€” ํ•จ๊ป˜ = together/both.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box: ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜์‹  technological innovation; ์ž๋™ํ™” automation; ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ „ํ™˜ digital transformation; ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ artificial intelligence; ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ side effect.
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Exercise 3 โ€” Ethics and Risk โš–๏ธ

A. ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ํ™œ์šฉ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ์ œ๊ธฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Ethical issues are being raised in AI use.
Answer
์Ÿ์  โ€” ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ์Ÿ์  = ethical issue.
B. ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ •๋ณด ์ˆ˜์ง‘์€ ์‚ฌ์ƒํ™œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Personal-data collection may lead to invasion of privacy.
Answer
์นจํ•ด โ€” ์‚ฌ์ƒํ™œ ์นจํ•ด = invasion of privacy.
C. ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Unequal technology access may deepen inequality.
Answer
์‹ฌํ™” โ€” ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ์‹ฌํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋‹ค = to worsen inequality.
D. ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ฑ…์ž„ ์†Œ์žฌ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํžˆ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
When an accident occurs, responsibility must be clarified.
Answer
๋ช…ํ™• โ€” ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•˜๋‹ค = to clarify.
E. ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—๋Š” ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
Appropriate regulation is necessary for new technology.
Answer
๊ทœ์ œ โ€” ๊ทœ์ œ = regulation.
F. ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํŽธํ–ฅ์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Data bias may weaken fairness of results.
Answer
์•ฝํ™” โ€” ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ์„ ์•ฝํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋‹ค = to weaken fairness.
G. AI ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ง„๋‹ค.
Transparency increases when AI results can be explained.
Answer
๋†’์•„ โ€” ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๋‹ค = transparency increases.
H. ์œ„ํ—˜ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์ „์— ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ํƒœ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
It is important to review risk factors in advance.
Answer
๊ฒ€ํ†  โ€” ์œ„ํ—˜ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋‹ค = to review risk factors.
I. ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ™œ์šฉ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋ฉด ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์ง„๋‹ค.
If standards for technology use are established, responsibility becomes clear.
Answer
๋ถ„๋ช… โ€” ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•ด์ง€๋‹ค = to become clear.
J. ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ๊ธฐ์ค€์€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋‚จ์šฉ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Ethical standards help prevent misuse of technology.
Answer
๋ฐฉ์ง€ โ€” ๋‚จ์šฉ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๋‹ค = to prevent misuse.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box: ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ์Ÿ์  ethical issue; ์‚ฌ์ƒํ™œ ์นจํ•ด privacy invasion; ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ ์‹ฌํ™” worsening inequality; ์ฑ…์ž„ ์†Œ์žฌ responsibility; ๊ทœ์ œ regulation.
ย 

Exercise 4 โ€” Environment and Sustainability ๐ŸŒ

A. ๊ธฐํ›„ ์œ„๊ธฐ์— ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ตญ์ œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
International cooperation is necessary to respond to the climate crisis.
Answer
๋Œ€์‘ โ€” ๊ธฐํ›„ ์œ„๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๋‹ค = to respond to the climate crisis.
B. ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…์ด ํ™•๋Œ€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Policies that reduce carbon emissions are expanding.
Answer
์ค„์ด โ€” ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์„ ์ค„์ด๋‹ค = to reduce carbon emissions.
C. ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Renewable energy should be expanded in the long term.
Answer
ํ™•๋Œ€ โ€” ์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๋‹ค = to expand renewable energy.
D. ๋ฌด๋ถ„๋ณ„ํ•œ ์†Œ๋น„๋Š” ์ž์› ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ์•ž๋‹น๊ธด๋‹ค.
Reckless consumption accelerates resource depletion.
Answer
๊ณ ๊ฐˆ โ€” ์ž์› ๊ณ ๊ฐˆ = resource depletion.
E. ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Sustainability must be increased for future generations.
Answer
๋†’์—ฌ โ€” ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๋‹ค = to increase sustainability.
F. ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์ •์ฑ…์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ์ƒํƒœ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Environmental policy should consider both economic growth and ecosystem protection.
Answer
๊ณ ๋ ค โ€” ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋‹ค = to consider together.
G. ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„์ด๋ ค๋ฉด ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
Long-term response is needed to reduce the impact of climate change.
Answer
๋Œ€์‘ โ€” ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ๋Œ€์‘ = long-term response.
H. ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Eco-friendly technology can change the structure of the energy industry.
Answer
๋ณ€ํ™” โ€” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋‹ค = to change a structure.
I. ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ „์€ ํ˜„์žฌ์™€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ํ•„์š”๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•œ๋‹ค.
Sustainable development considers present and future needs.
Answer
๊ณ ๋ ค โ€” ํ•„์š”๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋‹ค = to consider needs.
J. ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Environmental problems should be discussed based on scientific evidence.
Answer
๋…ผ์˜ โ€” ๋…ผ์˜๋˜๋‹ค = to be discussed.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box: ๊ธฐํ›„ ์œ„๊ธฐ climate crisis; ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ carbon emissions; ์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ renewable energy; ์ž์› ๊ณ ๊ฐˆ resource depletion; ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ sustainability.
ย 

Exercise 5 โ€” Mixed Synthesis Challenge ๐Ÿง 

A. ๊ณผํ•™ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์€ ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•จ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ์Ÿ์ ๋„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•œ๋‹ค.
Scientific and technological development provides convenience but also raises ethical issues.
Answer
์ œ๊ธฐ โ€” ์Ÿ์ ์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜๋‹ค = to raise an issue.
B. ์ •์ฑ…์€ ๊ฐ์ •์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ณผํ•™์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์— ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Policy should be based on scientific evidence, not emotion.
Answer
๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ โ€” ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋‹ค = to be based on evidence.
C. ์ž๋™ํ™”๋Š” ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ง๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Automation increases productivity but may replace some job duties.
Answer
๋Œ€์ฒด โ€” ์ง๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜๋‹ค = to replace job duties.
D. ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ ์‹ฌํ™”๋ผ๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ๋‚ณ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Differences in technology access may create the problem of worsening inequality.
Answer
๋ฌธ์ œ โ€” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ๋‹ค = to create a problem.
E. ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ๊ด€์ ์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋‹ค.
A long-term perspective is necessary for future-society sustainability.
Answer
ํ•„์š” โ€” ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค = to be necessary.
F. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์„ํ•  ๋•Œ ํ•œ๊ณ„์™€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
When interpreting research results, limitations and possibilities should be considered together.
Answer
๊ณ ๋ ค โ€” ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋‹ค = to consider together.
G. ์‚ฌ์ƒํ™œ ์นจํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ง‰๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Data-management standards should be established to prevent privacy invasion.
Answer
๋งˆ๋ จ โ€” ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋‹ค = to establish standards.
H. ๊ธฐํ›„ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
The effect of climate policy should be evaluated in the long term.
Answer
ํ‰๊ฐ€ โ€” ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋‹ค = to evaluate effects.
I. ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ ํšจ๊ณผ์™€ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•œ ๋’ค ๋„์ž…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
New technology should be introduced after comprehensively reviewing expected benefits and risks.
Answer
๊ฒ€ํ†  โ€” ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋‹ค = to review comprehensively.
J. ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ํ˜์‹ ๊ณผ ์ฑ…์ž„์˜ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
In conclusion, future society must achieve a balance between innovation and responsibility.
Answer
์ด๋ฃจ์–ด โ€” ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๋‹ค = to achieve balance.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box: ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ ํšจ๊ณผ expected benefit; ์œ„ํ—˜ ์š”์†Œ risk factor; ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ๊ด€์  long-term perspective; ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๋‹ค to achieve balance; ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋‹ค to review comprehensively.
ย 
๐ŸŽ‰ Great work. You can now connect ๊ณผํ•™์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ (scientific evidence), ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜์‹  (technological innovation), ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ์Ÿ์  (ethical issues), ๊ธฐํ›„ ์œ„๊ธฐ (climate crisis), and ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ (sustainability) in one clear argument. That is advanced synthesis โ€” clean, balanced, and ready for the future. ๐Ÿ”ฌ๐Ÿš€