๐Ÿ”ง

Condition: New, Used, Broken, Fixed

Keywords
์ƒˆ ๊ฑฐ / ์ค‘๊ณ  / ๊ณ ์žฅ / ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ
Lesson #
S
Done
Section
Basic Vocabulary
๐ŸŽฏ
TL;DR
  1. ์ƒˆ ๊ฑฐ = new thing ๐Ÿ†•
  1. ์ค‘๊ณ  = used / secondhand โ™ป๏ธ
  1. ๊ณ ์žฅ = broken / malfunction ๐Ÿ”ง
  1. ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ = repair ๐Ÿ› ๏ธ
  1. ๋ฉ€์ฉกํ•˜๋‹ค = to be fine / intact โœ…
๐Ÿ”Š
Iru Helper Note
Try this: ์ด๊ฑด ์ค‘๊ณ ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฉ€์ฉกํ•ด์š”. ์ƒˆ ๊ฑฐ๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋น„์‹ธ์„œ ์•ˆ ์ƒ€์–ด์š”. ๊ณ ์žฅ ๋‚˜๋ฉด ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ผ์š”.
(This is secondhand but it's in good condition. The new one was too expensive so I didn't buy it. If it breaks, I can just get it repaired.)
ย 

๐ŸŒˆ The Big Picture

When shopping or talking about belongings, you'll constantly compare ์ƒˆ ๊ฑฐ and ์ค‘๊ณ , check whether something is ๋ฉ€์ฉกํ•˜๋‹ค or ๊ณ ์žฅ ๋‚ฌ์–ด์š”, and decide if it needs ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ. These five words form the core vocabulary for describing the condition of any object. ๐Ÿ†•โ™ป๏ธ๐Ÿ”ง

๐ŸŽจ The Core Condition Family

1. ์ƒˆ ๊ฑฐ โ€” new thing ๐Ÿ†•
์ƒˆ (new, attributive adjective) + ๊ฑฐ (colloquial for ๊ฒƒ, "thing").
  • ์ด๊ฑฐ ์ƒˆ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”. (This is new.)
  • ์ƒˆ ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ” ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. (Please exchange it for a new one.)
โ€” Grammar note: ์ƒˆ always precedes a noun directly (์ƒˆ + noun); ๊ฑฐ is the casual spoken form of ๊ฒƒ.
2. ์ค‘๊ณ  โ€” used / secondhand โ™ป๏ธ
A noun meaning "used" or "secondhand," often modifying another noun.
  • ์ค‘๊ณ ๋กœ ์ƒ€์–ด์š”. (I bought it secondhand.)
  • ์ค‘๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ์•ฑ์ด ์ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•„์š”. (Secondhand trading apps are very popular.)
โ€” Grammar note: ์ค‘๊ณ  + noun ("used ~") or ์ค‘๊ณ ๋กœ ("secondhand-ly," with the method marker ๋กœ).
3. ๊ณ ์žฅ โ€” broken / malfunction ๐Ÿ”ง
A noun describing a breakdown or malfunction, almost always paired with ๋‚˜๋‹ค.
  • ์ด๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ์žฅ ๋‚ฌ์–ด์š”. (This is broken.)
  • ๊ณ ์žฅ์ด ๋‚˜์„œ ๋ชป ์จ์š”. (It's broken so I can't use it.)
โ€” Grammar note: ๊ณ ์žฅ ๋‚˜๋‹ค = "to break down/malfunction" โ€” uses ๋‚˜๋‹ค ("to occur"), not ๋˜๋‹ค.
4. ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ โ€” repair ๐Ÿ› ๏ธ
A noun for "repair," commonly paired with ํ•˜๋‹ค.
  • ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. (Please repair it.)
  • ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ์˜ˆ์š”? (How much does the repair cost?)
โ€” Grammar note: ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋‹ค = ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ + ํ•˜๋‹ค = "to repair" โ€” a standard noun+ํ•˜๋‹ค verb.
5. ๋ฉ€์ฉกํ•˜๋‹ค โ€” to be fine / intact โœ…
A descriptive verb (adjective) meaning "undamaged" or "in fine condition."
  • ํ•ธ๋“œํฐ์ด ๋ฉ€์ฉกํ•ด์š”. (The phone is fine/intact.)
  • ๋–จ์–ด์กŒ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ฉ€์ฉกํ•˜๋„ค์š”. (It fell but it's still fine.)
โ€” Grammar note: ๋ฉ€์ฉกํ•˜๋‹ค conjugates like other -ํ•˜๋‹ค adjectives โ†’ ๋ฉ€์ฉกํ•ด์š”, ๋ฉ€์ฉกํ•œ.

๐Ÿ› ๏ธ How They Work in a Sentence

  1. ์ƒˆ ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ™์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๋ณด๋‹ˆ ์ค‘๊ณ ์˜€์–ด์š”.
    1. (It seemed new, but it turned out to be used.)
      โ€” ~๊ฐ™๋‹ค ("seems like") + ์•Œ๊ณ  ๋ณด๋‹ˆ ("it turns out that").
  1. ๊ณ ์žฅ ๋‚˜์„œ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งก๊ฒผ์–ด์š”.
    1. (It broke, so I took it in for repair.)
      โ€” ๊ณ ์žฅ ๋‚˜๋‹ค (to break down) + ~์•„์„œ/์–ด์„œ ("so/because") + ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งก๊ธฐ๋‹ค ("entrust for repair").
  1. ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌํ–ˆ๋”๋‹ˆ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฉ€์ฉกํ•ด์กŒ์–ด์š”.
    1. (After repairing it, it became fine again.)
      โ€” ~์•˜๋”๋‹ˆ/์—ˆ๋”๋‹ˆ ("having done X, then...") + ๋ฉ€์ฉกํ•ด์ง€๋‹ค ("to become fine").

๐Ÿงฉ General Formation Rule

  • ์ƒˆ ๊ฑฐ/์ค‘๊ณ /๊ณ ์žฅ/์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ โ€” nouns; ๋ฉ€์ฉกํ•˜๋‹ค โ€” descriptive verb
  • ์ƒˆ + noun โ€” "new ~"
  • ์ค‘๊ณ  + noun / ์ค‘๊ณ ๋กœ โ€” "used ~" / "secondhand-ly"
  • ๊ณ ์žฅ ๋‚˜๋‹ค โ€” to break down
  • ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋‹ค โ€” to repair
  • ๋ฉ€์ฉกํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ ๋ฉ€์ฉกํ•ด์š” โ€” to be fine/intact

๐Ÿ“š Cross-check note

All vocabulary cross-checked against korean.go.kr โœ…

๐Ÿชž Synonym Alert

  • ์ƒˆ ๊ฑฐ vs ์ƒˆ๊ฒƒ โ€” ์ƒˆ ๊ฑฐ = casual spoken form; ์ƒˆ๊ฒƒ = written/formal form (same meaning).
  • ์ค‘๊ณ  vs ํ—Œ ๊ฑฐ โ€” ์ค‘๊ณ  = "used/secondhand" (neutral, common in commerce); ํ—Œ ๊ฑฐ = "old/worn thing" (casual, can sound negative).
  • ๊ณ ์žฅ vs ๋ง๊ฐ€์ง€๋‹ค โ€” ๊ณ ์žฅ (๋‚˜๋‹ค) = malfunction (especially electronics/machines); ๋ง๊ฐ€์ง€๋‹ค = to get damaged/ruined (broader โ€” objects, plans, relationships).
  • ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ vs ๊ณ ์น˜๋‹ค โ€” ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ(ํ•˜๋‹ค) = "repair" (formal/technical, often a paid service); ๊ณ ์น˜๋‹ค = "to fix" (everyday verb, broader use).
  • ๋ฉ€์ฉกํ•˜๋‹ค vs ๊ดœ์ฐฎ๋‹ค โ€” ๋ฉ€์ฉกํ•˜๋‹ค = physically intact/undamaged; ๊ดœ์ฐฎ๋‹ค = "okay/fine" (broader โ€” feelings, situations too).

โš ๏ธ Pitfalls to Dodge

  • โŒ Saying ๊ณ ์žฅ์ด ๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ โœ… ๊ณ ์žฅ์ด ๋‚˜๋‹ค ("to break down") โ€” ๋‚˜๋‹ค, not ๋˜๋‹ค.
  • โŒ Saying ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ โœ… ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‹ค / ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋‹ค ("to repair").
  • โŒ Using ์ƒˆ without a following noun โ†’ โœ… ์ƒˆ ๊ฑฐ / ์ƒˆ๊ฒƒ ("a new one") โ€” ์ƒˆ needs ๊ฑฐ/๊ฒƒ to stand as a noun.
  • โŒ Saying ์ค‘๊ณ ์ด๋‹ค awkwardly โ†’ โœ… ์ค‘๊ณ ์˜ˆ์š” / ์ค‘๊ณ ๋กœ ์ƒ€์–ด์š” โ€” more natural.
  • โŒ Confusing ๋ฉ€์ฉกํ•˜๋‹ค (intact/undamaged) with ๊นจ๋—ํ•˜๋‹ค (clean) โ€” different meanings.
์ƒˆ ๊ฑฐ, ์ค‘๊ณ , ๊ณ ์žฅ, ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ, ๋ฉ€์ฉกํ•˜๋‹ค โ€” ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋งํ•ด์š”! ๐Ÿ†•โ™ป๏ธ๐Ÿ”ง๐Ÿ› ๏ธโœ…
ย 
Try this exercise
Fill in each blank with the correct word (์ƒˆ ๊ฑฐ, ์ค‘๊ณ , ๊ณ ์žฅ, ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ, or ๋ฉ€์ฉกํ•ด์š”).
A. ์ด๊ฑฐ ___์˜ˆ์š”. (This is new.)
Answer
์ƒˆ ๊ฑฐ
B. ___๋กœ ์ƒ€์–ด์š”. (I bought it secondhand.)
Answer
์ค‘๊ณ 
C. ์ด๊ฒŒ ___ ๋‚ฌ์–ด์š”. (This is broken.)
Answer
๊ณ ์žฅ
D. ___ํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. (Please repair it.)
Answer
์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ
E. ํ•ธ๋“œํฐ์ด ___. (The phone is fine.)
Answer
๋ฉ€์ฉกํ•ด์š”
F. ___๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ” ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. (Please exchange it for a new one.)
Answer
์ƒˆ ๊ฑฐ
G. ___ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ์•ฑ์ด ์ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•„์š”. (Secondhand trading apps are popular.)
Answer
์ค‘๊ณ 
H. ___์ด ๋‚˜์„œ ๋ชป ์จ์š”. (It's broken so I can't use it.)
Answer
๊ณ ์žฅ
I. ___ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ์˜ˆ์š”? (How much does the repair cost?)
Answer
์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ
J. ๋–จ์–ด์กŒ๋Š”๋ฐ ___. (It fell but it's still fine.)
Answer
๋ฉ€์ฉกํ•˜๋„ค์š”
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ์ƒˆ ๊ฑฐ โ€” new thing
  • ์ค‘๊ณ  โ€” used/secondhand; ์ค‘๊ณ ๋กœ
  • ๊ณ ์žฅ โ€” broken; ๊ณ ์žฅ ๋‚˜๋‹ค
  • ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ โ€” repair; ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋‹ค
  • ๋ฉ€์ฉกํ•˜๋‹ค โ€” fine/intact
๐Ÿ’ก
Pitfalls reminder
  • ๊ณ ์žฅ ๋‚˜๋‹ค, not ๊ณ ์žฅ ๋˜๋‹ค
  • ์ƒˆ ๊ฑฐ / ์ƒˆ๊ฒƒ โ€” ์ƒˆ needs a noun after it
  • ๋ฉ€์ฉกํ•˜๋‹ค โ‰  ๊นจ๋—ํ•˜๋‹ค

๐Ÿ”
Want more reps? Look around your room and describe each item: ์ƒˆ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”? ์ค‘๊ณ ์˜ˆ์š”? ๊ณ ์žฅ ๋‚ฌ์–ด์š”? ๋ฉ€์ฉกํ•ด์š”?
ย 
๐Ÿ“ฆ
Practice Hub: Condition: New, Used, Broken, Fixed
Five exercises to lock in ์ƒˆ ๊ฑฐ, ์ค‘๊ณ , ๊ณ ์žฅ, ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ, and ๋ฉ€์ฉกํ•˜๋‹ค. Work through each, then check your answers in the toggles.

Exercise 1 โ€” Word Recall: Korean โ†’ English ๐Ÿ†•โ™ป๏ธ

A. ์ƒˆ ๊ฑฐ
Answer
new thing
B. ์ค‘๊ณ 
Answer
used / secondhand
C. ๊ณ ์žฅ
Answer
broken / malfunction
D. ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ
Answer
repair
E. ๋ฉ€์ฉกํ•˜๋‹ค
Answer
to be fine / intact
F. ๊ณ ์žฅ ๋‚˜๋‹ค
Answer
to break down
G. ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋‹ค
Answer
to repair
H. ์ค‘๊ณ ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋‹ค
Answer
to buy secondhand
I. ์ƒˆ ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋‹ค
Answer
to exchange for a new one
J. ๋ฉ€์ฉกํ•ด์ง€๋‹ค
Answer
to become fine again
๐Ÿ“š
Quick Reference
  • ์ƒˆ ๊ฑฐ = new thing, ์ค‘๊ณ  = used/secondhand
  • ๊ณ ์žฅ = broken, ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ = repair
  • ๋ฉ€์ฉกํ•˜๋‹ค = fine/intact
  • ๊ณ ์žฅ ๋‚˜๋‹ค (occur); ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋‹ค (do)
ย 

Exercise 2 โ€” Word Recall: English โ†’ Korean ๐Ÿ”ง๐Ÿ› ๏ธ

A. new thing
Answer
์ƒˆ ๊ฑฐ
B. used / secondhand
Answer
์ค‘๊ณ 
C. broken / malfunction
Answer
๊ณ ์žฅ
D. repair
Answer
์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ
E. to be fine / intact
Answer
๋ฉ€์ฉกํ•˜๋‹ค
F. to break down
Answer
๊ณ ์žฅ ๋‚˜๋‹ค
G. to repair
Answer
์ˆ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋‹ค
H. to buy secondhand
Answer
์ค‘๊ณ ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋‹ค
I. to exchange for a new one
Answer
์ƒˆ ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋‹ค
J. to become fine again
Answer
๋ฉ€์ฉกํ•ด์ง€๋‹ค
๐Ÿ“š
Quick Reference
  • ์ƒˆ๊ฒƒ = formal written form of ์ƒˆ ๊ฑฐ
  • ํ—Œ ๊ฑฐ = old/worn thing (casual)
  • ๋ง๊ฐ€์ง€๋‹ค = to get damaged/ruined (broader than ๊ณ ์žฅ)
  • ๊ณ ์น˜๋‹ค = everyday word for "to fix"
ย 

Exercise 3 โ€” Pattern Practice: Choose the Correct Word โœ…

A. ์ด ์‹ ๋ฐœ์€ ___์˜ˆ์š”. ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ๋„ ์•ˆ ์‹ ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
Answer
์ƒˆ ๊ฑฐ
B. ์ด ์ฑ…์€ ___๋กœ ์‹ธ๊ฒŒ ์ƒ€์–ด์š”.
Answer
์ค‘๊ณ 
C. ์„ธํƒ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ___ ๋‚ฌ์–ด์š”.
Answer
๊ณ ์žฅ
D. ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ___ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
Answer
์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ
E. ๋ถ€๋”ชํ˜”๋Š”๋ฐ ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ___ํ•ด์š”.
Answer
๋ฉ€์ฉก
F. ___ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์„ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
Answer
์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ
G. ___ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•ด์š”. ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ์‹ธ์š”.
Answer
์ค‘๊ณ 
H. ์—์–ด์ปจ์ด ___ ๋‚˜์„œ ๋”์›Œ์š”.
Answer
๊ณ ์žฅ
I. ์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ ___ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”. ํƒœ๊ทธ๋„ ์•ˆ ๋—์–ด์š”.
Answer
์ƒˆ ๊ฑฐ
J. ๋–จ์–ด์กŒ๋Š”๋ฐ ํ™”๋ฉด์ด ___ํ•˜๋„ค์š”.
Answer
๋ฉ€์ฉก
๐Ÿ“š
Quick Reference
  • ์ƒˆ ๊ฑฐ = unused, tags still on
  • ์ค‘๊ณ  = pre-owned, cheaper
  • ๊ณ ์žฅ (๋‚˜๋‹ค) = stopped working
  • ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ (๋ถ€ํ’ˆ/ํ•˜๋‹ค) = repair (parts/to repair)
  • ๋ฉ€์ฉกํ•˜๋‹ค = no damage despite impact
ย 

Exercise 4 โ€” Pattern Practice: Translate to English ๐Ÿ†•

A. ์ƒˆ ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ™์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๋ณด๋‹ˆ ์ค‘๊ณ ์˜€์–ด์š”.
Answer
It seemed new, but it turned out to be used.
B. ๊ณ ์žฅ ๋‚˜์„œ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งก๊ฒผ์–ด์š”.
Answer
It broke, so I took it in for repair.
C. ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌํ–ˆ๋”๋‹ˆ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฉ€์ฉกํ•ด์กŒ์–ด์š”.
Answer
After repairing it, it became fine again.
D. ์ด๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ์žฅ ๋‚ฌ์–ด์š”.
Answer
This is broken.
E. ์ค‘๊ณ ๋กœ ์ƒ€์–ด์š”.
Answer
I bought it secondhand.
F. ์ƒˆ ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ” ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
Answer
Please exchange it for a new one.
G. ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ์˜ˆ์š”?
Answer
How much does the repair cost?
H. ํ•ธ๋“œํฐ์ด ๋ฉ€์ฉกํ•ด์š”.
Answer
The phone is fine.
I. ์ค‘๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ์•ฑ์ด ์ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•„์š”.
Answer
Secondhand trading apps are popular.
J. ๊ณ ์žฅ์ด ๋‚˜์„œ ๋ชป ์จ์š”.
Answer
It's broken so I can't use it.
๐Ÿ“š
Quick Reference
  • ~๊ฐ™๋‹ค = "seems like"; ์•Œ๊ณ  ๋ณด๋‹ˆ = "it turns out"
  • ~์•„์„œ/์–ด์„œ = "so/because"
  • ~์•˜๋”๋‹ˆ/์—ˆ๋”๋‹ˆ = "having done X, then..."
ย 

Exercise 5 โ€” Mixed Mastery: Translate to Korean โ™ป๏ธ๐Ÿ› ๏ธ

A. This is new.
Answer
์ด๊ฑฐ ์ƒˆ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
B. I bought it secondhand.
Answer
์ค‘๊ณ ๋กœ ์ƒ€์–ด์š”.
C. This is broken.
Answer
์ด๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ์žฅ ๋‚ฌ์–ด์š”.
D. Please repair it.
Answer
์ˆ˜๋ฆฌํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
E. The phone is fine.
Answer
ํ•ธ๋“œํฐ์ด ๋ฉ€์ฉกํ•ด์š”.
F. Please exchange it for a new one.
Answer
์ƒˆ ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ” ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
G. How much does the repair cost?
Answer
์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ์˜ˆ์š”?
H. It fell but it's still fine.
Answer
๋–จ์–ด์กŒ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ฉ€์ฉกํ•˜๋„ค์š”.
I. It's broken so I can't use it.
Answer
๊ณ ์žฅ์ด ๋‚˜์„œ ๋ชป ์จ์š”.
J. Secondhand trading apps are popular.
Answer
์ค‘๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ์•ฑ์ด ์ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•„์š”.
๐Ÿ“š
Quick Reference
  • ~ํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š” = polite request to do something
  • ~๋„ค์š” = exclamatory ("oh, it's...")
  • Review all five words and their verbs before moving on
์ƒˆ ๊ฑฐ, ์ค‘๊ณ , ๊ณ ์žฅ, ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ, ๋ฉ€์ฉกํ•˜๋‹ค โ€” ์—ฐ์Šต ์™„๋ฃŒ! ๐Ÿ†•โ™ป๏ธ๐Ÿ”ง๐Ÿ› ๏ธโœ