๐Ÿงฌ

Ethical Implications of Genetic Engineering

Agent Progress
Built
Keywords
์œ ์ „ ๊ณตํ•™์˜ ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ํ•จ์˜ / ๋งž์ถคํ˜• ์•„๊ธฐ / ์ƒ๋ช… ์กด์ค‘ / ๊ทœ์ œ
Lesson #
S
Done
Section
Advanced Vocabulary
๐Ÿงฌ
TL;DR ๐Ÿฆ„
  • ๐Ÿงฌ ์œ ์ „ ๊ณตํ•™์˜ ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ํ•จ์˜ (the ethical implications of genetic engineering) means the moral and social consequences of editing or selecting genetic traits.
  • โš–๏ธ Key debate words include ์ƒ๋ช… ์กด์ค‘ (respect for life), ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์กด์—„์„ฑ (human dignity), ๋งž์ถคํ˜• ์•„๊ธฐ (designer baby), ์œ ์ „ ์ •๋ณด ์ฐจ๋ณ„ (genetic-information discrimination), and ๊ทœ์ œ (regulation).
  • ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ A strong advanced answer balances medical benefits with ethical safeguards: treatment can be valuable, but enhancement, inequality, and commercial misuse require clear limits.
๐ŸŽง
๐ŸŽง Iru Helper Note
Use
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
to hear long bioethics phrases aloud, especially ์œ ์ „ ๊ณตํ•™์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ๋…ผ๋ž€ (ethical controversy surrounding genetic engineering), ์ƒ๋ช… ์กด์ค‘์˜ ์›์น™ (the principle of respect for life), and ์œ ์ „ ์ •๋ณด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๋‹ค (to prevent discrimination based on genetic information). Science vocabulary behaves better when it gets a little audio supervision. ๐Ÿ”ฌ
ย 

๐ŸŒˆ The Big Picture

์œ ์ „ ๊ณตํ•™ (genetic engineering) can help prevent disease, treat genetic disorders, and improve quality of life. But because it directly touches heredity, bodies, birth, and identity, it also raises serious ethical questions. ๐Ÿงฌ
The core phrase is ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ํ•จ์˜ (ethical implications). ํ•จ์˜ means an implication or consequence that is contained inside an issue. So this lesson is not just asking โ€œCan we edit genes?โ€ It asks, โ€œWhat moral and social consequences follow if we do?โ€ โš–๏ธ
A balanced advanced answer avoids both extremes. It should not say โ€œscience is always goodโ€ or โ€œall genetic engineering is evil.โ€ Instead, explain the medical potential, identify the ethical risks, and propose reasonable safeguards such as ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œ (strict regulation), ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ•ฉ์˜ (social consensus), and ์•ˆ์ „ ๊ธฐ์ค€ (safety standards). ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ

๐ŸŽจ The Core Genetic-Engineering Ethics Family

๐Ÿงฌ Science and technology terms

  • ์œ ์ „ ๊ณตํ•™ โ†’ genetic engineering
  • ์œ ์ „์ž ํŽธ์ง‘ โ†’ gene editing
  • ์œ ์ „ ์ •๋ณด โ†’ genetic information
  • ์œ ์ „ ์งˆํ™˜ โ†’ genetic disorder
  • ๋‚œ์น˜๋ณ‘ โ†’ incurable/difficult-to-treat disease
  • ๋ฐฐ์•„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ โ†’ embryo research
  • ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋ชฉ์  โ†’ treatment purpose
  • ๊ฐ•ํ™” ๋ชฉ์  โ†’ enhancement purpose, such as selecting or improving traits

โš–๏ธ Ethics and dignity terms

  • ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ํ•จ์˜ โ†’ ethical implications
  • ์ƒ๋ช… ์กด์ค‘ โ†’ respect for life
  • ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์กด์—„์„ฑ โ†’ human dignity
  • ์ƒ๋ช… ์œค๋ฆฌ โ†’ bioethics
  • ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ๊ธฐ์ค€ โ†’ ethical standard
  • ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ฑ…์ž„ โ†’ social responsibility
  • ์ •๋‹นํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to justify
  • ์นจํ•ดํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to violate/infringe

๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ Risk and regulation terms

  • ๋งž์ถคํ˜• ์•„๊ธฐ โ†’ designer baby
  • ์ƒ์—…์  ์•…์šฉ โ†’ commercial misuse
  • ์œ ์ „ ์ •๋ณด ์ฐจ๋ณ„ โ†’ genetic-information discrimination
  • ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ โ†’ social inequality
  • ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ์‹ฌํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋‹ค โ†’ to deepen inequality
  • ๊ทœ์ œ โ†’ regulation
  • ๋ฒ•์  ์žฅ์น˜ โ†’ legal mechanism/safeguard
  • ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ•ฉ์˜ โ†’ social consensus

๐Ÿ› ๏ธ How They Work in a Sentence

1. Introducing the controversy ๐Ÿงฌ

์œ ์ „ ๊ณตํ•™์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ๋…ผ๋ž€์€ ์ƒ๋ช… ์กด์ค‘์˜ ์›์น™๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The ethical controversy surrounding genetic engineering is related to the principle of respect for life.
  • -์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ๋…ผ๋ž€ = controversy surrounding something.
  • ์ƒ๋ช… ์กด์ค‘์˜ ์›์น™ = the principle of respect for life.

2. Balancing benefit and risk โš–๏ธ

์œ ์ „์ž ํŽธ์ง‘์€ ๋‚œ์น˜๋ณ‘ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์—, ๋งž์ถคํ˜• ์•„๊ธฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•  ์œ„ํ—˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Gene editing may contribute to treating difficult diseases, while also carrying the risk of causing designer-baby issues.
  • -๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— = while/on the other hand.
  • ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋‹ค = to contribute.
  • ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•˜๋‹ค = to cause/bring about.

3. Proposing regulation ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ

์œ ์ „ ์ •๋ณด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ๋ฒ•์  ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Strict legal safeguards should be established to prevent discrimination based on genetic information.
  • ์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๋‹ค = to prevent discrimination.
  • ๋ฒ•์  ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋‹ค = to establish legal safeguards.

๐Ÿงฉ General Formation Rule

For genetic-engineering ethics, build arguments with this chain:
Technology + medical benefit + ethical risk + safeguard
  • Technology: ์œ ์ „ ๊ณตํ•™ (genetic engineering), ์œ ์ „์ž ํŽธ์ง‘ (gene editing), ๋ฐฐ์•„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ (embryo research)
  • Medical benefit: ์œ ์ „ ์งˆํ™˜์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๋‹ค (to prevent genetic disorders), ๋‚œ์น˜๋ณ‘ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋‹ค (to contribute to treating difficult diseases), ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋‹ค (to improve quality of life)
  • Ethical risk: ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์กด์—„์„ฑ์„ ์นจํ•ดํ•˜๋‹ค (to violate human dignity), ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ์‹ฌํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋‹ค (to deepen social inequality), ์ƒ์—…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•…์šฉ๋˜๋‹ค (to be commercially misused)
  • Safeguard: ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋‹ค (to establish strict regulation), ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋‹ค (to form social consensus), ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋ชฉ์ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ•ํ™” ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋‹ค (to distinguish treatment purpose from enhancement purpose)
Useful advanced frames:
  • A๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ๋…ผ๋ž€์ด ์ปค์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. โ†’ Controversy surrounding A is growing.
  • A๋Š” B์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— C๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. โ†’ A can contribute to B, while causing C.
  • A๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฒ•์  ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. โ†’ Legal safeguards are needed to prevent A.
  • A์™€ B๋ฅผ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. โ†’ A and B must be clearly distinguished.
  • A ์—†์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜๋‹ค. โ†’ Expanding the technology without A is dangerous.

๐Ÿ“š Cross-check note

Key vocabulary and collocations such as ์œ ์ „ ๊ณตํ•™ (genetic engineering), ์œ ์ „์ž (gene), ์ƒ๋ช… ์œค๋ฆฌ (bioethics), ์กด์—„์„ฑ (dignity), and ๊ทœ์ œ (regulation) were cross-checked against National Institute of Korean Language resources on ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ๊ตญ์–ด์› / korean.go.kr. โœ…

๐Ÿชž Synonym Alert

  • ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ํ•จ์˜ (ethical implications) vs. ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ (ethical problem): ํ•จ์˜ is broader and includes possible consequences; ๋ฌธ์ œ is more directly negative.
  • ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋ชฉ์  (treatment purpose) vs. ๊ฐ•ํ™” ๋ชฉ์  (enhancement purpose): treatment focuses on preventing or curing disease; enhancement focuses on selecting or improving traits.
  • ๊ทœ์ œ (regulation) vs. ๊ธˆ์ง€ (prohibition): regulation controls how something is used; prohibition bans it.
  • ์ƒ๋ช… ์กด์ค‘ (respect for life) vs. ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์กด์—„์„ฑ (human dignity): respect for life is the broad ethical principle; human dignity focuses on the value and rights of human beings.

โš ๏ธ Pitfalls to Dodge

  • โŒ ์œ ์ „ ๊ณตํ•™์€ ๋ณ‘์„ ๊ณ ์น˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด ์ข‹๋‹ค โ†’ โœ… mention medical potential and ethical safeguards. ๐Ÿงฌ
  • โŒ ์œ ์ „ ๊ณตํ•™์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ธˆ์ง€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค โ†’ โœ… distinguish treatment from enhancement before making a claim. โš–๏ธ
  • โŒ Treat ๋งž์ถคํ˜• ์•„๊ธฐ like a normal shopping option โ†’ โœ… present it as a serious ethical concern involving dignity, inequality, and commercialization. ๐Ÿผ
  • โŒ Forget unequal access โ†’ โœ… explain that expensive technology may deepen ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ (social inequality). ๐Ÿ’ธ
  • โŒ Say โ€œregulation stops scienceโ€ only โ†’ โœ… regulation can be a safeguard that makes responsible research possible. ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ
You can now discuss genetic engineering without sounding like a mad scientist or a panicked villager. Balanced bioethics: spooky, smart, and socially responsible. ๐Ÿงฌโœจ

Try this exercise

Read each sentence and fill the blank with the best bioethics word. Say the full Korean sentence aloud before checking the answer.
1. ์œ ์ „ ๊ณตํ•™์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ•จ์˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋…ผ์Ÿ์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผํ‚จ๋‹ค.
The ethical implications of genetic engineering cause social debate. โš–๏ธ
Answer
์œค๋ฆฌ์  โ€” ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ํ•จ์˜ means ethical implications.
2. ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์œ ์ „์ž ํŽธ์ง‘์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ชฉ์ ์— ๊ฐ€๊น๋‹ค.
Gene editing for disease treatment is closer to treatment purpose. ๐Ÿฅ
Answer
์น˜๋ฃŒ โ€” ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋ชฉ์ .
3. ์™ธ๋ชจ๋‚˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ชฉ์ ์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Choosing appearance or ability may be closer to enhancement purpose. ๐Ÿง 
Answer
๊ฐ•ํ™” โ€” ๊ฐ•ํ™” ๋ชฉ์ .
4. ๋งž์ถคํ˜• ์•„๊ธฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ๋‹ค.
The designer-baby issue is related to human dignity. ๐Ÿผ
Answer
์กด์—„ โ€” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์กด์—„์„ฑ.
5. ์œ ์ „ ์ •๋ณด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Discrimination based on genetic information must be prevented. ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ
Answer
๋ฐฉ์ง€ โ€” ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๋‹ค means to prevent.
6. ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ•ฉ์˜ ์—†์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Expanding the technology without social consensus can be dangerous. โš ๏ธ
Answer
์œ„ํ—˜ โ€” ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜๋‹ค.
7. ์œ ์ „ ์งˆํ™˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Treating genetic disorders can improve quality of life. ๐ŸŒฑ
Answer
ํ–ฅ์ƒ โ€” ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋‹ค means to improve.
8. ์ƒ์—…์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ๋ง‰๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
Strict regulation is needed to prevent commercial misuse. ๐Ÿ’ผ
Answer
์•…์šฉ โ€” misuse/abuse.
9. ๋น„์‹ผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Expensive technology can deepen social inequality. ๐Ÿ’ธ
Answer
์‹ฌํ™” โ€” ์‹ฌํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋‹ค means to deepen.
10. ์•ˆ์ „ ๊ธฐ์ค€๊ณผ ๋ฒ•์  ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Safety standards and legal safeguards should be established. ๐Ÿ“œ
Answer
๋งˆ๋ จ โ€” ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋‹ค means to establish/prepare.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ํ•จ์˜ โ†’ ethical implications
  • ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋ชฉ์  โ†’ treatment purpose
  • ๊ฐ•ํ™” ๋ชฉ์  โ†’ enhancement purpose
  • ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์กด์—„์„ฑ โ†’ human dignity
  • ์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to prevent discrimination
  • ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ•ฉ์˜ โ†’ social consensus
  • ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋‹ค โ†’ to improve quality of life
  • ์ƒ์—…์  ์•…์šฉ โ†’ commercial misuse
  • ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ์‹ฌํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋‹ค โ†’ to deepen inequality
  • ๋ฒ•์  ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to establish legal safeguards
Tips ๐Ÿ’ก
  • Separate treatment from enhancement.
  • Use ๊ทœ์ œ for control, not total prohibition.
  • Mention social inequality for advanced nuance.

๐Ÿš€
Want more reps? Visit the Practice Hub when you're ready! Next stop: turning bioethics vocabulary into balanced policy arguments. ๐Ÿงฌ
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๐Ÿ“ฆ
๐ŸŽฏ Practice Hub โ€” Ethical Implications of Genetic Engineering
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Welcome to your bioethics practice lab. Youโ€™ll practice explaining medical benefits, designer-baby concerns, social inequality, and regulation without turning the discussion into either a sci-fi sales pitch or a lab-coat horror movie. ๐Ÿงฌ
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๐Ÿ”Š Audio reminder: Use
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
whenever phrases like ์œ ์ „ ์ •๋ณด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๋‹ค need pronunciation support.
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๐Ÿ“ Instructions: Complete each sentence with the best Korean word or phrase, read the full sentence aloud, and then open the Answer toggle to check the logic and nuance.
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Exercise 1 โ€” Core Bioethics Vocabulary ๐Ÿงฌ

A. ์ƒ๋ฌผ์˜ ์œ ์ „ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค.
The technology of manipulating an organismโ€™s genetic information is called genetic engineering. ๐Ÿ”ฌ
Answer
์œ ์ „ ๊ณตํ•™ โ€” genetic engineering.
B. ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ์ง์ ‘ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์œ ์ „์ž ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅธ๋‹ค.
Technology that directly changes genes is called gene editing. โœ‚๏ธ
Answer
ํŽธ์ง‘ โ€” ์œ ์ „์ž ํŽธ์ง‘.
C. ์œ ์ „ ๊ณตํ•™์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ•จ์˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ฌป๋Š”๋‹ค.
The ethical implications of genetic engineering ask about both the technologyโ€™s consequences and responsibilities. โš–๏ธ
Answer
์œค๋ฆฌ์  โ€” ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ํ•จ์˜.
D. ์ƒ๋ช… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์˜ ์›์น™์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The principle of respect for life can become a standard for setting limits on research. ๐ŸŒฑ
Answer
์กด์ค‘ โ€” ์ƒ๋ช… ์กด์ค‘.
E. ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ์นจํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ํ™œ์šฉ์€ ์ œํ•œ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Uses that violate human dignity should be limited. ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ
Answer
์กด์—„์„ฑ โ€” human dignity.
F. ์œ ์ „ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋ ฅ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Genetic information can be sensitive data about a personโ€™s health and family history. ๐Ÿงพ
Answer
์ •๋ณด โ€” ์œ ์ „ ์ •๋ณด.
G. ์œ ์ „ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์€ ์œ ์ „์  ์›์ธ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค.
A genetic disorder means a disease related to genetic causes. ๐Ÿฅ
Answer
์งˆํ™˜ โ€” genetic disorder.
H. ๋ฐฐ์•„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ช… ์œค๋ฆฌ ๋…ผ์Ÿ๊ณผ ์ž์ฃผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ๋‹ค.
Embryo research is often connected to bioethics debates. ๐Ÿ”ฌ
Answer
์—ฐ๊ตฌ โ€” embryo research.
I. ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์—†์ด ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์ด ์ปค์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If policy is set without social consensus, conflict may grow. ๐Ÿค
Answer
ํ•ฉ์˜ โ€” consensus.
J. ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์‚ฌ์šฉ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…์  ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค.
A policy mechanism that sets standards for technology use is called regulation. ๐Ÿ“œ
Answer
๊ทœ์ œ โ€” regulation.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ์œ ์ „ ๊ณตํ•™ โ†’ genetic engineering
  • ์œ ์ „์ž ํŽธ์ง‘ โ†’ gene editing
  • ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ํ•จ์˜ โ†’ ethical implications
  • ์ƒ๋ช… ์กด์ค‘ โ†’ respect for life
  • ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์กด์—„์„ฑ โ†’ human dignity
  • ์œ ์ „ ์ •๋ณด โ†’ genetic information
  • ์œ ์ „ ์งˆํ™˜ โ†’ genetic disorder
  • ๋ฐฐ์•„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ โ†’ embryo research
  • ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ•ฉ์˜ โ†’ social consensus
  • ๊ทœ์ œ โ†’ regulation
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Start with neutral vocabulary before making ethical judgments.
ย 

Exercise 2 โ€” Treatment, Enhancement, and Designer Babies ๐Ÿผ

A. ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ™œ์šฉ์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ชฉ์ ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค.
Use for preventing or treating disease falls under treatment purpose. ๐Ÿฅ
Answer
์น˜๋ฃŒ โ€” ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋ชฉ์ .
B. ์™ธ๋ชจ๋‚˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ํ™œ์šฉ์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ชฉ์ ์— ๊ฐ€๊น๋‹ค.
Use aimed at selecting appearance or ability is closer to enhancement purpose. ๐Ÿง 
Answer
๊ฐ•ํ™” โ€” ๊ฐ•ํ™” ๋ชฉ์ .
C. ํŠน์ • ํ˜•์งˆ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•ด ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„์ด๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์•„๊ธฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅธ๋‹ค.
A child born after selecting particular traits is called a designer baby. ๐Ÿผ
Answer
๋งž์ถคํ˜• โ€” ๋งž์ถคํ˜• ์•„๊ธฐ.
D. ๋งž์ถคํ˜• ์•„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์กด์—„์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ๋‹ค.
The controversy surrounding designer babies is related to human dignity. โš–๏ธ
Answer
๋…ผ๋ž€ โ€” controversy.
E. ๋‚œ์น˜๋ณ‘ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ™”๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Research that contributes to treating difficult diseases can be socially justified. ๐ŸŒฑ
Answer
์ •๋‹น โ€” ์ •๋‹นํ™”๋˜๋‹ค.
F. ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ๋ฌด๊ด€ํ•œ ํ˜•์งˆ ์„ ํƒ์€ ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ์šฐ๋ ค๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Selecting traits unrelated to health can cause ethical concern. โš ๏ธ
Answer
์ดˆ๋ž˜ โ€” to cause/bring about.
G. ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋ชฉ์ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ•ํ™” ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Treatment purpose and enhancement purpose must be clearly distinguished. ๐Ÿงญ
Answer
๊ตฌ๋ถ„ โ€” to distinguish.
H. ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ์†Œ๋น„์ž ์„ ํƒ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋Š” ํƒœ๋„๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Treating life as an object of consumer choice is ethically problematic. ๐Ÿ›’
Answer
์œค๋ฆฌ โ€” ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
I. ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ์„ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์•„์ด์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๊ณผ๋„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Parentsโ€™ preferences may excessively determine the childโ€™s future. ๐Ÿงธ
Answer
๊ฒฐ์ • โ€” to determine.
J. ๊ฐ•ํ™” ๋ชฉ์ ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ์‹ฌํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Enhancement-purpose use risks deepening social inequality. ๐Ÿ’ธ
Answer
๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ โ€” inequality.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋ชฉ์  โ†’ treatment purpose
  • ๊ฐ•ํ™” ๋ชฉ์  โ†’ enhancement purpose
  • ๋งž์ถคํ˜• ์•„๊ธฐ โ†’ designer baby
  • ๋…ผ๋ž€ โ†’ controversy
  • ์ •๋‹นํ™”๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be justified
  • ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to cause
  • ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to distinguish
  • ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ โ†’ ethical problem
  • ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to determine
  • ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ โ†’ social inequality
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Treatment reduces suffering; enhancement selects traits. That distinction is the debateโ€™s steering wheel.
ย 

Exercise 3 โ€” Regulation, Safeguards, and Social Consensus ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ

A. ์œ ์ „ ์ •๋ณด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ œ๋„๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
A system is needed to prevent discrimination based on genetic information. ๐Ÿงพ
Answer
๋ฐฉ์ง€ โ€” to prevent.
B. ์•ˆ์ „ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค.
If safety standards are not established, it is difficult to reduce research risks. ๐Ÿ“œ
Answer
๋งˆ๋ จ โ€” to establish/prepare.
C. ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์ฑ…์ž„ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ๋•๋Š”๋‹ค.
Strict regulation helps responsible use of technology. ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ
Answer
๊ทœ์ œ โ€” regulation.
D. ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•œ ๋’ค ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
The scope of research should be set after forming social consensus. ๐Ÿค
Answer
ํ˜•์„ฑ โ€” to form.
E. ์œ ์ „ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์šฉ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ณดํ—˜์—์„œ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค.
Genetic information should not be used as grounds for discrimination in employment or insurance. ๐Ÿงพ
Answer
๊ทผ๊ฑฐ โ€” basis/grounds.
F. ์ƒ์—…์  ์•…์šฉ์„ ๋ง‰์œผ๋ ค๋ฉด ๋ฒ•์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
Legal safeguards are needed to prevent commercial misuse. ๐Ÿ’ผ
Answer
์žฅ์น˜ โ€” ๋ฒ•์  ์žฅ์น˜.
G. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ž์œ ๋Š” ๋ณด์žฅ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ƒ๋ช… ์œค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค.
Freedom of research should be guaranteed, but bioethics must not be ignored. ๐Ÿ”ฌ
Answer
๋ฌด์‹œ โ€” to ignore.
H. ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐœ์ „๋ณด๋‹ค ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ๋’ค์ฒ˜์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ๊ณ„์† ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Ethical standards must be continuously reviewed so they do not fall behind technological development. ๐Ÿ”
Answer
๊ฒ€ํ†  โ€” to review.
I. ๋ฐฐ์•„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋Š” ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The scope of embryo research can be legally limited. โš–๏ธ
Answer
์ œํ•œ โ€” to limit.
J. ๊ทœ์ œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ๋ง‰๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ฑ…์ž„ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์žฅ์น˜์ด๋‹ค.
Regulation is a mechanism for guiding responsible use rather than blocking technological development. ๐Ÿงญ
Answer
์œ ๋„ โ€” to guide/induce.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to prevent discrimination
  • ์•ˆ์ „ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to establish safety standards
  • ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œ โ†’ strict regulation
  • ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to form social consensus
  • ์ฐจ๋ณ„์˜ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ โ†’ grounds for discrimination
  • ๋ฒ•์  ์žฅ์น˜ โ†’ legal safeguard
  • ์ƒ๋ช… ์œค๋ฆฌ โ†’ bioethics
  • ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to review
  • ์ œํ•œํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to limit
  • ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to guide/induce
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Good regulation is not just โ€œno.โ€ It sets safe boundaries for responsible use.
ย 

Exercise 4 โ€” Benefits, Risks, and Social Impact ๐ŸŒ

A. ์œ ์ „์ž ํŽธ์ง‘์€ ๋‚œ์น˜๋ณ‘ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Gene editing can contribute to treating difficult diseases. ๐Ÿฅ
Answer
๊ธฐ์—ฌ โ€” to contribute.
B. ์œ ์ „ ์งˆํ™˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์€ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Preventing genetic disorders can improve quality of life. ๐ŸŒฑ
Answer
ํ–ฅ์ƒ โ€” to improve.
C. ๊ณ ๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ํ˜œํƒ์ด ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ณ„์ธต์—๋งŒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋  ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Expensive technology risks benefits being concentrated only in certain social groups. ๐Ÿ’ธ
Answer
์ง‘์ค‘ โ€” to be concentrated.
D. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
As a result, social inequality may deepen. ๐Ÿ“‰
Answer
์‹ฌํ™” โ€” to deepen.
E. ์œ ์ „ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌ์ƒํ™œ ์นจํ•ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If genetic information is disclosed, privacy-infringement issues may arise. ๐Ÿ”
Answer
๋ฐœ์ƒ โ€” to arise/occur.
F. ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ํ˜œํƒ๊ณผ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
The benefits and risks of the technology should be considered together. โš–๏ธ
Answer
๊ณ ๋ ค โ€” to consider.
G. ์ƒ๋ช… ์กด์ค‘์˜ ์›์น™์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค.
The principle of respect for life becomes a standard that sets the direction of research. ๐Ÿงญ
Answer
์„ค์ • โ€” to set/establish.
H. ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์ƒ์—…์  ์ด์šฉ์ด ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๋ฉด ์ƒ๋ช…์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ทจ๊ธ‰๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If commercial use of the technology becomes excessive, life may be treated like a product. ๐Ÿ›’
Answer
์ƒํ’ˆ โ€” product/commodity.
I. ๊ณต๊ณต์˜ ์ด์ต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Research results should be carefully used for the public interest. ๐ŸŒ
Answer
ํ™œ์šฉ โ€” to use/apply.
J. ์œ ์ „ ๊ณตํ•™ ๋…ผ์˜์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
In discussions of genetic engineering, scientific possibility and ethical responsibility should be considered together. ๐Ÿงฌ
Answer
์ฑ…์ž„ โ€” responsibility.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to contribute
  • ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋‹ค โ†’ to improve
  • ํ˜œํƒ์ด ์ง‘์ค‘๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ benefits are concentrated
  • ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์ด ์‹ฌํ™”๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ inequality deepens
  • ์‚ฌ์ƒํ™œ ์นจํ•ด โ†’ privacy infringement
  • ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to consider
  • ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to set a direction
  • ์ƒํ’ˆ โ†’ product/commodity
  • ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to use/apply
  • ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ์ฑ…์ž„ โ†’ ethical responsibility
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Advanced answers ask: Who benefits, who is harmed, and who sets the rules?
ย 

Exercise 5 โ€” Mixed Mastery + Pitfall Patrol ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ

A. ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด๊ณ , ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์„ ํƒ์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด๋‹ค.
Use for treatment is treatment purpose, and ability selection is enhancement purpose. ๐Ÿง 
Answer
๊ฐ•ํ™” โ€” โŒ do not blur treatment and enhancement.
B. ์œ ์ „ ๊ณตํ•™์€ ๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด ์ข‹๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์˜ํ•™์  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Rather than saying genetic engineering is unconditionally good, medical possibility and ethical risks should be considered together. โš–๏ธ
Answer
์œ„ํ—˜ โ€” balanced analysis matters.
C. ๋ชจ๋“  ์œ ์ „ ๊ณตํ•™์„ ๊ธˆ์ง€ํ•˜์ž๋Š” ์ฃผ์žฅ๋ณด๋‹ค ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜์ž๋Š” ์ฃผ์žฅ์ด ๋” ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Arguing to limit the research scope may be more realistic than arguing to ban all genetic engineering. ๐Ÿงญ
Answer
์ œํ•œ โ€” regulation can set boundaries.
D. ๋งž์ถคํ˜• ์•„๊ธฐ๋Š” ์†Œ๋น„์ž ์„ ํƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๋‹ค.
Designer babies are not a consumer choice but an issue related to human dignity. ๐Ÿผ
Answer
์กด์—„ โ€” human dignity is central.
E. ์œ ์ „ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋กœ ์“ฐ์ด๋ฉด ๋ฒ•์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If genetic information is used as grounds for discrimination, legal problems may arise. ๐Ÿ“œ
Answer
๊ทผ๊ฑฐ โ€” genetic data must not become a basis for discrimination.
F. ๋น„์‹ผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ํ˜œํƒ์ด ์ผ๋ถ€์—๊ฒŒ๋งŒ ์ง‘์ค‘๋˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋œ๋‹ค.
If benefits of expensive technology concentrate only among some people, social inequality deepens. ๐Ÿ’ธ
Answer
์‹ฌํ™” โ€” include inequality for advanced nuance.
G. ์ƒ๋ช… ์œค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Research that ignores bioethics can weaken social trust. ๐Ÿงช
Answer
์•ฝํ™” โ€” to weaken.
H. ์ƒ์—…์  ์•…์šฉ์„ ๋ง‰๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Strict regulation should be established to prevent commercial misuse. ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ
Answer
๋งˆ๋ จ โ€” establish safeguards.
I. ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ•ฉ์˜ ์—†์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ๋…ผ๋ž€์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If the technology is expanded without social consensus, ethical controversy may grow. ๐Ÿ“ฃ
Answer
์ปค โ€” ์ปค์ง€๋‹ค means to grow.
J. ์ข‹์€ ๋‹ต์•ˆ์€ ์œ ์ „ ๊ณตํ•™์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ฑ…์ž„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ๋„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค.
A good answer presents not only the possibility of genetic engineering but also responsible use measures. ๐Ÿงฌ
Answer
ํ™œ์šฉ โ€” responsible application/use.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ๊ฐ•ํ™” ๋ชฉ์  โ†’ enhancement purpose
  • ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ์œ„ํ—˜ โ†’ ethical risk
  • ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to limit the research scope
  • ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์กด์—„์„ฑ โ†’ human dignity
  • ์ฐจ๋ณ„์˜ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ โ†’ grounds for discrimination
  • ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์ด ์‹ฌํ™”๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ inequality deepens
  • ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ์•ฝํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋‹ค โ†’ to weaken trust
  • ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to establish regulation
  • ๋…ผ๋ž€์ด ์ปค์ง€๋‹ค โ†’ controversy grows
  • ์ฑ…์ž„ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™œ์šฉ โ†’ responsible use
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Pitfall patrol: separate treatment from enhancement, benefits from risks, and regulation from total prohibition.
ย 
๐ŸŽ‰ Excellent work โ€” you can now discuss genetic engineering with scientific clarity and ethical backbone. Keep the ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ hopeful, the ๊ทœ์ œ responsible, and the ์กด์—„์„ฑ non-negotiable. ๐Ÿงฌโœจ