๐ŸŒ

Macro-level Environmental Impact Assessment

Agent Progress
Built
Keywords
๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์˜ํ–ฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€ / ์ •์ฑ… ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ / ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ / ์ ˆ์ฐจ
Lesson #
S
Done
Section
Advanced Vocabulary
๐ŸŒ
TL;DR ๐Ÿฆ„
  • ๐ŸŒ ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์˜ํ–ฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€ (macro-level environmental impact assessment) looks at broad, long-term, system-wide effects, not only one local problem.
  • ๐Ÿ›๏ธ Use ์ •์ฑ… ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ (policy review), ์ ˆ์ฐจ (procedure), and ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ ๊ฒ€ํ†  (feasibility review) when discussing official decision-making.
  • ๐ŸŒฑ ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ (sustainable development) means balancing development, conservation, social responsibility, and future generations.
๐ŸŽง
๐ŸŽง Iru Helper Note
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Korean Helper Widgets
and type it into the widget. For this lesson, try ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋‹ค (to assess environmental impact), ์ ˆ์ฐจ์  ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋‹ค (to secure procedural transparency), and ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ๋ณด์ „์„ ์กฐํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋‹ค (to harmonize development and conservation). ๐Ÿ”Š
ย 

๐ŸŒˆ The Big Picture

Environmental vocabulary gets advanced when it moves from โ€œpollution is badโ€ to โ€œlarge-scale policy decisions require transparent procedures, long-term impact assessment, and sustainable development criteria.โ€ That is a big leap โ€” less recycling-bin sticker, more national planning committee with very serious coffee. โ˜•๐Ÿ“‹
This lesson teaches the vocabulary used to discuss environmental impact at a broad policy level:
  • ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  = macro-level, broad, system-wide
  • ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์˜ํ–ฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€ = environmental impact assessment
  • ์ •์ฑ… ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ = policy review / policy screening
  • ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ = sustainable development
  • ์ ˆ์ฐจ = procedure / official process
The key skill is not memorizing one long noun chain. It is using the right academic collocations: ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋‹ค (assess impact), ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋‹ค (review feasibility), ๋ˆ„์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋‹ค (consider cumulative impact), and ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค (strengthen procedures). ๐ŸŒฟ

๐ŸŽจ The Core Environmental Assessment Family

1. ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  vs. ๋ฏธ์‹œ์  ๐ŸŒ

๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  means macro-level: broad, structural, long-term, and system-wide. ๋ฏธ์‹œ์  means micro-level: detailed, local, small-scale, or individual.
  • ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  ๊ด€์  = macro-level perspective
  • ๋ฏธ์‹œ์  ๋ถ„์„ = micro-level analysis
  • ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ๋ณ€ํ™” = long-term change
  • ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ = structural problem
Use ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  when the sentence discusses broad policy, regional planning, climate effects, cumulative damage, or social systems. Use ๋ฏธ์‹œ์  when the focus is a small site, one household, or a narrow detail. ๐Ÿ”

2. ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์˜ํ–ฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€ โ€” environmental impact assessment ๐ŸŒฑ

ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์˜ํ–ฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€ refers to assessing how a project, policy, plan, or development may affect the environment.
Useful collocations:
  • ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋‹ค = to assess environmental impact
  • ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ์ค„์ด๋‹ค = to reduce environmental burden
  • ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ํ›ผ์†์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๋‹ค = to prevent ecosystem damage
  • ๋ˆ„์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋‹ค = to consider cumulative impact
  • ์‚ฌ์ „์— ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋‹ค = to review in advance
Nuance: ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ํ‰๊ฐ€ can sound general; ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์˜ํ–ฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€ is more precise when discussing the effects caused by a plan, project, policy, or development. ๐Ÿ—๏ธ

3. ์ •์ฑ… ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ and ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ ๊ฒ€ํ†  ๐Ÿ›๏ธ

์ •์ฑ… ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ means reviewing or screening a policy before implementation. ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ ๊ฒ€ํ†  means reviewing whether something is reasonable, feasible, or valid.
Useful collocations:
  • ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌํ•˜๋‹ค = to review a policy
  • ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋‹ค = to establish review criteria
  • ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋‹ค = to review feasibility/validity
  • ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๋‹ค = to implement a policy
  • ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋‹ค = to secure the reliability of assessment results
This vocabulary belongs in formal writing about government, administration, planning, and institutional decision-making. ๐Ÿ“‘

4. ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ โ€” sustainable development ๐ŸŒณ

์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ means development that can continue without destroying environmental, social, and economic balance.
Useful collocations:
  • ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋‹ค = to pursue sustainable development
  • ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ๋ณด์ „์„ ์กฐํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋‹ค = to harmonize development and conservation
  • ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์„ธ๋Œ€์˜ ์ด์ต์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋‹ค = to consider the interests of future generations
  • ์ž์› ์ด์šฉ์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค = to minimize resource use
  • ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์ค‘์‹œํ•˜๋‹ค = to value long-term balance
Nuance: ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ is not just โ€œeco-friendly development.โ€ It includes environmental protection, economic feasibility, social responsibility, and long-term survival. ๐ŸŒ

5. ์ ˆ์ฐจ and ์ ˆ์ฐจ์  ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ ๐Ÿงพ

์ ˆ์ฐจ means procedure or official process. ์ ˆ์ฐจ์  ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ means procedural transparency: the process is clear, fair, and open enough to be trusted.
Useful collocations:
  • ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๋‹ค = to go through a procedure
  • ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋‹ค = to establish a procedure
  • ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋‹ค = to improve a procedure
  • ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค = to strengthen a procedure
  • ์ ˆ์ฐจ์  ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋‹ค = to secure procedural transparency
Nuance: ์ ˆ์ฐจ is not the same as ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• (method). ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• answers โ€œhowโ€; ์ ˆ์ฐจ emphasizes official steps, review order, fairness, and legitimacy. โš–๏ธ

๐Ÿ› ๏ธ How They Work in a Sentence

Pattern 1: macro-level frame + environmental impact
  • ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ •์ฑ…์€ ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
  • โ€œLarge-scale development policies should assess environmental impact from a macro-level perspective.โ€ ๐Ÿ—๏ธ
  • Notes: ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ •์ฑ… = large-scale development policy; ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  ๊ด€์  = macro-level perspective; ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋‹ค = to assess.
Pattern 2: policy review + feasibility
  • ์ •์ฑ… ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
  • โ€œAt the policy review stage, environmental feasibility should be reviewed sufficiently.โ€ ๐Ÿ›๏ธ
  • Notes: ๋‹จ๊ณ„ = stage; ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ = environmental feasibility/validity; ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ = sufficiently.
Pattern 3: sustainability + procedure
  • ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ฏผ ์˜๊ฒฌ ์ˆ˜๋ ด ์ ˆ์ฐจ์™€ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์  ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
  • โ€œFor sustainable development, resident-opinion collection procedures and procedural transparency are important.โ€ ๐Ÿ‘ฅ
  • Notes: ์ฃผ๋ฏผ ์˜๊ฒฌ ์ˆ˜๋ ด = collecting residentsโ€™ opinions; ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค = to be important.

๐Ÿงฉ General Formation Rule

This lesson is mostly advanced vocabulary and collocation, so the โ€œformation ruleโ€ is about natural academic phrase-building.
Common noun chains:
  • ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์˜ํ–ฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€ = macro-level environmental impact assessment
  • ์ •์ฑ… ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ ์ ˆ์ฐจ = policy review procedure
  • ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ ๊ฒ€ํ†  = environmental feasibility review
  • ์ฃผ๋ฏผ ์˜๊ฒฌ ์ˆ˜๋ ด ์ ˆ์ฐจ = resident-opinion collection procedure
  • ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ = sustainable development direction
Common sentence frames:
  • N์„/๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. = N should be assessed from a macro-level perspective.
  • N์„/๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์ „์— ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. = There is a need to review N in advance.
  • N์˜ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•œ ํ›„ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. = The policy should be implemented after reviewing the feasibility of N.
  • N๊ณผ N์„ ์กฐํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. = Policy should be designed in a direction that harmonizes N and N.
  • N ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ •์ฑ… ์ˆ˜์šฉ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•„์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. = If the N procedure is strengthened, policy acceptance may increase.

๐Ÿ“š Cross-check note

The key terms and formal collocations in this lesson were cross-checked against National Institute of Korean Language resources and public terminology materials available through korean.go.kr, including terminology related to ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์˜ํ–ฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€, ํ‰๊ฐ€, ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ, ์ ˆ์ฐจ, and ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ. โœ…

๐Ÿชž Synonym Alert

  • ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  (macro-level, system-wide) vs. ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  (long-term): ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  is about scope; ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  is about time.
  • ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ํ‰๊ฐ€ (environmental evaluation, broad) vs. ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์˜ํ–ฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€ (environmental impact assessment, more precise): use the second when a policy or project may affect the environment.
  • ์‹ฌ์‚ฌํ•˜๋‹ค (officially review/screen) vs. ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋‹ค (review/examine): ์‹ฌ์‚ฌํ•˜๋‹ค sounds more institutional; ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋‹ค is broader.
  • ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ (sustainable development) vs. ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ (eco-friendly development): ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ is broader and includes social/economic balance.
  • ์ ˆ์ฐจ (official procedure) vs. ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• (method): ์ ˆ์ฐจ emphasizes ordered steps and legitimacy.

โš ๏ธ Pitfalls to Dodge

  • โŒ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ โœ… ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์‚ฌ์ „์— ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋‹ค (Use formal assessment language, not vague โ€œcheckโ€ language.)
  • โŒ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค โ†’ โœ… ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค (Avoid vague adjectives; use precise policy vocabulary.)
  • โŒ ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ž‘์€ ๋‚˜๋ฌด ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ๋ดค๋‹ค โ†’ โœ… ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ง€์—ญ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค (Use ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  for broad systems, not tiny details.)
  • โŒ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์  ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ โ†’ โœ… ์ ˆ์ฐจ์  ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ (The natural formal phrase is about procedure.)
  • โŒ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค โ†’ โœ… ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ–ˆ๋‹ค (Advanced writing names the official action and review step.)

๐ŸŒฑ Big environmental decisions need big-picture Korean. Once you can connect ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  ๊ด€์ , ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์˜ํ–ฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€, ์ •์ฑ… ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ, and ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ, your writing starts sounding less like a complaint and more like a policy memo with a very responsible clipboard. ๐Ÿ“‹
ย 

Try this exercise

Complete each sentence with the most natural academic expression. Focus on policy vocabulary, official procedures, and sustainable-development logic. Then open the Answer toggle to check the reason.
1. ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์‚ฌ์—…์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Large-scale development projects should assess environmental impact from a macro-level perspective. ๐Ÿ—๏ธ
Answer
๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  โ€” Use ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  ๊ด€์  for broad, long-term, system-wide evaluation.
2. ์ •์ฑ… ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
At the policy review stage, environmental feasibility should be reviewed. ๐Ÿ›๏ธ
Answer
ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ โ€” ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋‹ค means โ€œto review feasibility/validity.โ€
3. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ์กฐํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
A direction that harmonizes development and conservation is necessary. ๐ŸŒณ
Answer
๋ณด์ „ โ€” ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ๋ณด์ „ is a common contrast pair in sustainability writing.
4. ์ฃผ๋ฏผ ์˜๊ฒฌ ์ˆ˜๋ ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ •์ฑ… ์ˆ˜์šฉ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•„์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If the resident-opinion collection procedure is strengthened, policy acceptance may increase. ๐Ÿ‘ฅ
Answer
์ ˆ์ฐจ โ€” ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค is natural for official processes.
5. ๋ˆ„์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ํ”ผํ•ด ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๊ณผ์†Œํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If cumulative impacts are not considered, the scale of damage may be underestimated. ๐Ÿ“‰
Answer
๊ณ ๋ ค โ€” ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋‹ค means โ€œto consider.โ€
6. ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž์› ์ด์šฉ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Resource use should be minimized to reduce environmental burden. โ™ป๏ธ
Answer
์ตœ์†Œํ™” โ€” ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค means โ€œto minimize.โ€
7. ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์˜ํ–ฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ณต์ •ํ•œ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Environmental impact assessment must go through a fair procedure. โš–๏ธ
Answer
๊ฑฐ์ณ โ€” ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๋‹ค means โ€œto go through a procedure.โ€
8. ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
To secure the reliability of assessment results, the criteria must be clear. ๐Ÿ“
Answer
ํ™•๋ณด โ€” ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋‹ค means โ€œto secure reliability.โ€
9. ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์„ธ๋Œ€์˜ ์ด์ต์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•œ๋‹ค.
Sustainable development considers the interests of future generations. ๐ŸŒฑ
Answer
๊ณ ๋ ค โ€” ์ด์ต์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋‹ค = to consider interests/benefits.
10. ์ ˆ์ฐจ์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋ฉด ์ •์ฑ… ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋–จ์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If procedural transparency is lacking, policy trust may decrease. ๐Ÿ”
Answer
ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ โ€” ์ ˆ์ฐจ์  ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ = procedural transparency.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์‚ฌ์—… โ†’ large-scale development project
  • ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  ๊ด€์  โ†’ macro-level perspective
  • ์ •์ฑ… ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ โ†’ policy review stage
  • ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ โ†’ environmental feasibility
  • ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ๋ณด์ „ โ†’ development and conservation
  • ์ฃผ๋ฏผ ์˜๊ฒฌ ์ˆ˜๋ ด ์ ˆ์ฐจ โ†’ resident-opinion collection procedure
  • ๋ˆ„์  ์˜ํ–ฅ โ†’ cumulative impact
  • ๊ณผ์†Œํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to underestimate
  • ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ถ€๋‹ด โ†’ environmental burden
  • ์ž์› ์ด์šฉ โ†’ resource use
  • ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ โ†’ reliability
  • ์ ˆ์ฐจ์  ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ โ†’ procedural transparency
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Policy Korean loves precise noun chains. Check that each noun actually belongs with the next one.

๐Ÿš€
Want more reps? Visit the Practice Hub when you're ready! Your environmental-policy Korean is about to become very official-looking. ๐Ÿ›๏ธ
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๐Ÿ“ฆ
๐ŸŽฏ Practice Hub โ€” Macro-level Environmental Impact Assessment
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Welcome to the Practice Hub for macro-level environmental impact assessment. ๐ŸŒ Here, you will practice turning big environmental ideas into polished Korean: policy review, feasibility, cumulative impact, sustainable development, and procedural transparency. By the end, your sentences should sound ready for a report, not a recycling-bin slogan. ๐Ÿ“‘
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๐Ÿ”Š Audio reminder: Use
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
whenever you want to hear any sentence aloud.
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๐Ÿ“ Instructions: Complete each sentence with the best Korean word or phrase. Read the full sentence, decide what official policy idea is being tested, and then check the Answer toggle.
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Exercise 1 โ€” Macro vs. Micro Perspective ๐ŸŒ

A. ๊ธฐํ›„ ์ •์ฑ…์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Climate policy should be analyzed from a macro-level perspective. ๐ŸŒฆ๏ธ
Answer
๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  โ€” Climate policy is broad and system-wide, so ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  ๊ด€์  fits.
B. ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ถ„์„์— ๊ฐ€๊น๋‹ค.
The electricity use of an individual household is closer to micro-level analysis. ๐Ÿ 
Answer
๋ฏธ์‹œ์  โ€” One household is a small-scale unit, so ๋ฏธ์‹œ์  fits.
C. ์ง€์—ญ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์—์„œ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Changes in a regional ecosystem should be reviewed from a long-term perspective. ๐ŸŒฒ
Answer
๊ด€์  โ€” ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ๊ด€์  means โ€œlong-term perspective.โ€
D. ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The carbon-emissions issue is connected to structural problems. ๐Ÿญ
Answer
๋ฌธ์ œ โ€” ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ is a natural macro-level phrase.
E. ๋„์‹œ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์งˆ์€ ๋„“์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์—์„œ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
The air quality of the whole city should be assessed from a broad scope. ๐ŸŒ†
Answer
๋ฒ”์œ„ โ€” ๋„“์€ ๋ฒ”์œ„ means โ€œbroad scope.โ€
F. ํ•œ ๊ณต์žฅ์˜ ์†Œ์Œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋น„๊ต์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์ด๋‹ค.
The noise problem of one factory is a relatively local case. ๐Ÿญ
Answer
๊ตญ์ง€์  โ€” ๊ตญ์ง€์  means local or limited to a specific area.
G. ๋ฌผ ๋ถ€์กฑ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The water shortage problem is related to society-wide systems. ๐Ÿ’ง
Answer
์ฒด๊ณ„ โ€” ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ์ฒด๊ณ„ means society-wide systems.
H. ์ •์ฑ… ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์žฅ๊ธฐ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
To see policy effects, short-term results and long-term changes must be viewed together. โณ
Answer
๋ณ€ํ™” โ€” ์žฅ๊ธฐ ๋ณ€ํ™” = long-term change.
I. ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  ๋ถ„์„์€ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๋ณด๋‹ค ์ „์ฒด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ์ค‘์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค.
Macro-level analysis values the overall structure more than individual events. ๐Ÿงฑ
Answer
๊ตฌ์กฐ โ€” ์ „์ฒด ๊ตฌ์กฐ means โ€œoverall structure.โ€
J. ๋ฏธ์‹œ์  ์ •๋ณด๋„ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ •์ฑ… ์„ค๊ณ„์—๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํŒ๋‹จ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
Micro-level information is also needed, but macro-level judgment is important for policy design. ๐Ÿงญ
Answer
๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  โ€” Policy design requires broad, system-level judgment.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ๊ธฐํ›„ ์ •์ฑ… โ†’ climate policy
  • ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  ๊ด€์  โ†’ macro-level perspective
  • ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ โ†’ individual household
  • ๋ฏธ์‹œ์  ๋ถ„์„ โ†’ micro-level analysis
  • ์ง€์—ญ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ โ†’ regional ecosystem
  • ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ๊ด€์  โ†’ long-term perspective
  • ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ โ†’ carbon emissions
  • ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ โ†’ structural problem
  • ๋„“์€ ๋ฒ”์œ„ โ†’ broad scope
  • ๊ตญ์ง€์  ์‚ฌ๋ก€ โ†’ local case
  • ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ์ฒด๊ณ„ โ†’ society-wide system
  • ์ •์ฑ… ์„ค๊ณ„ โ†’ policy design
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  is about scale and system; ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  is about time.
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Exercise 2 โ€” Impact Assessment Collocations ๐ŸŒฑ

A. ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ํ•ญ๋งŒ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์‚ฌ์ „์— ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Large-scale port development should review environmental impact in advance. โš“
Answer
๊ฒ€ํ†  โ€” ์‚ฌ์ „์— ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋‹ค is a formal โ€œreview in advanceโ€ phrase.
B. ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์˜ํ–ฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ํ›ผ์†์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค.
Environmental impact assessment helps prevent ecosystem damage. ๐ŸŸ
Answer
๋ฐฉ์ง€ โ€” ํ›ผ์†์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๋‹ค = to prevent damage.
C. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ๋ˆ„์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
The cumulative impact of several projects should be considered together. ๐Ÿงฎ
Answer
๊ณ ๋ ค โ€” ๋ˆ„์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋‹ค is a key collocation.
D. ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์ž์› ์ด์šฉ์„ ์ค„์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
To reduce environmental burden, resource use must be reduced. โ™ป๏ธ
Answer
์ค„์ด๊ธฐ โ€” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ์ค„์ด๋‹ค = to reduce environmental burden.
E. ์‹ค์ œ ํ”ผํ•ด ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋ชจ์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Enough data must be collected so the actual scale of damage is not underestimated. ๐Ÿ“‰
Answer
๊ณผ์†Œํ‰๊ฐ€ โ€” ๊ณผ์†Œํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋‹ค = to underestimate.
F. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๊ณ„ํš์€ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ํ•˜์ฒœ์— ๋ฏธ์น  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
The development plan should assess its impact on nearby streams. ๐ŸŒŠ
Answer
ํ‰๊ฐ€ โ€” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋‹ค = to assess impact.
G. ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋Š” ์˜ค์—ผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
The assessment report should clearly state the possibility of pollution. ๐Ÿงช
Answer
์ œ์‹œ โ€” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋‹ค = to present a possibility.
H. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ „ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ์ ˆ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
A procedure for identifying risk factors before development is necessary. โš ๏ธ
Answer
ํŒŒ์•… โ€” ์œ„ํ—˜ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋‹ค = to identify risk factors.
I. ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์˜ํ–ฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ •์ฑ… ์‹œํ–‰ ์ „์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋‹ค.
Environmental impact assessment is a key procedure before policy implementation. ๐Ÿงพ
Answer
์ ˆ์ฐจ โ€” It is an official step, so ์ ˆ์ฐจ fits.
J. ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์‹คํ•˜๋ฉด ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If the assessment is poor, long-term damage may be overlooked. ๐Ÿ™ˆ
Answer
๋†“ โ€” ๋†“์น˜๋‹ค = to miss/overlook.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ํ•ญ๋งŒ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ โ†’ large-scale port development
  • ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to review environmental impact
  • ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ํ›ผ์† โ†’ ecosystem damage
  • ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to prevent
  • ๋ˆ„์  ์˜ํ–ฅ โ†’ cumulative impact
  • ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to consider
  • ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ถ€๋‹ด โ†’ environmental burden
  • ๊ณผ์†Œํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to underestimate
  • ํ•˜์ฒœ โ†’ stream/river
  • ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ โ†’ assessment report
  • ์œ„ํ—˜ ์š”์†Œ โ†’ risk factor
  • ๋†“์น˜๋‹ค โ†’ to miss/overlook
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์˜ํ–ฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€ usually pairs with ์‚ฌ์ „์— ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋‹ค, ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋‹ค, and ๋ˆ„์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋‹ค.
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Exercise 3 โ€” Policy Review and Procedure ๐Ÿ›๏ธ

A. ์ •์ฑ… ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Policy review criteria must be clearly established. ๐Ÿ“
Answer
๋งˆ๋ จ โ€” ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋‹ค = to establish criteria.
B. ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Feasibility must be reviewed before implementing the policy. ๐Ÿงพ
Answer
๊ฒ€ํ†  โ€” ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋‹ค is the natural phrase.
C. ๊ณต์ •ํ•œ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์•ผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Assessment results can be trusted only when a fair procedure is followed. โš–๏ธ
Answer
๊ฑฐ์ณ โ€” ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๋‹ค = to go through a procedure.
D. ์ฃผ๋ฏผ ์˜๊ฒฌ ์ˆ˜๋ ด ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If resident-opinion collection procedures are strengthened, conflict can be reduced. ๐Ÿ‘ฅ
Answer
๊ฐ•ํ™” โ€” ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค means โ€œto strengthen procedures.โ€
E. ์ ˆ์ฐจ์  ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •์ฑ… ์‹ ๋ขฐ์˜ ์ถœ๋ฐœ์ ์ด๋‹ค.
Securing procedural transparency is the starting point of policy trust. ๐Ÿ”
Answer
ํ™•๋ณด โ€” ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋‹ค = to secure transparency.
F. ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ ๊ณผ์ •์ด ๋ถˆํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•˜๋ฉด ์‹œ๋ฏผ์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ฑ์ด ๋‚ฎ์•„์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If the review process is opaque, citizensโ€™ acceptance may decrease. ๐Ÿ™๏ธ
Answer
์ˆ˜์šฉ โ€” ์ˆ˜์šฉ์„ฑ = acceptance.
G. ์ •์ฑ… ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ฑ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•œ๋‹ค.
At the policy review stage, economic feasibility and environmental quality are examined together. ๐Ÿ’ฐ๐ŸŒฑ
Answer
๊ฒ€ํ†  โ€” ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋‹ค = to examine together.
H. ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๋ ค๋ฉด ์ž๋ฃŒ ๊ณต๊ฐœ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
To increase reliability of assessment results, the data disclosure procedure must be improved. ๐Ÿ“‚
Answer
๊ฐœ์„  โ€” ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋‹ค = to improve a procedure.
I. ์ •์ฑ… ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ํ˜•์‹์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒ€ํ†  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋‹ค.
Policy review is not a mere formality but an important review procedure. ๐Ÿ“‹
Answer
์ ˆ์ฐจ โ€” Official review steps are ์ ˆ์ฐจ.
J. ์‚ฌ์—… ๊ณ„ํš์˜ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•œ ํ›„ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
The policy should be implemented after reviewing the feasibility of the project plan. ๐Ÿšฆ
Answer
์‹œํ–‰ โ€” ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๋‹ค = to implement a policy.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ์ •์ฑ… ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ ๊ธฐ์ค€ โ†’ policy review criteria
  • ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to establish/prepare
  • ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to implement
  • ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ โ†’ feasibility/validity
  • ๊ณต์ •ํ•œ ์ ˆ์ฐจ โ†’ fair procedure
  • ์ฃผ๋ฏผ ์˜๊ฒฌ ์ˆ˜๋ ด โ†’ collecting resident opinions
  • ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to strengthen
  • ์ ˆ์ฐจ์  ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ โ†’ procedural transparency
  • ์ˆ˜์šฉ์„ฑ โ†’ acceptance
  • ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ โ†’ economic feasibility
  • ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ฑ โ†’ environmental quality
  • ์ž๋ฃŒ ๊ณต๊ฐœ โ†’ data disclosure
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก ์ •์ฑ… ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ is formal; pair it with ๊ธฐ์ค€, ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ, ์ ˆ์ฐจ, and ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ.
ย 

Exercise 4 โ€” Sustainable Development Logic ๐ŸŒณ

A. ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์€ ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ณด๋‹ค ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ์ค‘์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค.
Sustainable development values long-term balance more than short-term growth. โš–๏ธ
Answer
๊ท ํ˜• โ€” ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ๊ท ํ˜• is key to sustainability.
B. ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์„ธ๋Œ€์˜ ์ด์ต์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
A policy that considers the interests of future generations is necessary. ๐Ÿ‘ถ
Answer
๊ณ ๋ ค โ€” ์ด์ต์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋‹ค = to consider interests.
C. ์ž์› ์ด์šฉ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋ฉด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If resource use is minimized, environmental burden can be reduced. โ™ป๏ธ
Answer
์ตœ์†Œํ™” โ€” ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค = to minimize.
D. ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ฑ…์ž„๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
To pursue sustainable development, social responsibility is also important. ๐Ÿค
Answer
์ถ”๊ตฌ โ€” ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋‹ค = to pursue development.
E. ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ •์ฑ… ์„ค๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
Policy design that harmonizes growth and protection is necessary. ๐ŸŒฟ
Answer
์กฐํ™” โ€” ์กฐํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋‹ค = to harmonize.
F. ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค.
Eco-friendly development alone cannot sufficiently secure sustainability. ๐ŸŒŽ
Answer
ํ™•๋ณด โ€” ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋‹ค = to secure sustainability.
G. ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ฑ…์ž„์€ ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋‹ค.
Social responsibility is an important element of sustainable development. ๐Ÿงฉ
Answer
์š”์†Œ โ€” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ means โ€œimportant element.โ€
H. ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ๊ด€์ ์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If a long-term perspective is lacking, the sustainability of development policy may decrease. ๐Ÿ“‰
Answer
๋‚ฎ์•„ โ€” ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๋‹ค = to become lower/decrease.
I. ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์™€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ์ ‘๊ทผ์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋‹ค.
An approach that considers environmental protection and economic feasibility together is necessary. ๐Ÿ’ฐ
Answer
ํ•„์š” โ€” ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค = to be necessary.
J. ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ์™€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•œ๋‹ค.
Sustainable development connects the present and future generations. ๐Ÿ”—
Answer
ํ•จ๊ป˜ โ€” ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋‹ค means โ€œto connect together.โ€
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ โ†’ sustainable development
  • ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ์„ฑ์žฅ โ†’ short-term growth
  • ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ๊ท ํ˜• โ†’ long-term balance
  • ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์„ธ๋Œ€ โ†’ future generations
  • ์ž์› ์ด์šฉ โ†’ resource use
  • ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ถ€๋‹ด โ†’ environmental burden
  • ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ฑ…์ž„ โ†’ social responsibility
  • ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ๋ณดํ˜ธ โ†’ growth and protection
  • ์กฐํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋‹ค โ†’ to harmonize
  • ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ โ†’ eco-friendly development
  • ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ โ†’ sustainability
  • ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ โ†’ economic feasibility
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ is broader than โ€œgreen.โ€ It combines environment, economy, society, and time.
ย 

Exercise 5 โ€” Mixed Mastery + Pitfall Patrol ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ

A. โŒ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. โœ… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Wrong: โ€œGood developmentโ€ is vague. Right: Sustainable development should be pursued. ๐ŸŒฑ
Answer
์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ โ€” Pitfall fix: replace vague ์ข‹์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ with precise ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ.
B. โŒ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์  ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ โœ… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ
Wrong: method transparency. Right: procedural transparency. ๐Ÿ”
Answer
์ ˆ์ฐจ์  โ€” The natural formal phrase is ์ ˆ์ฐจ์  ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ.
C. โŒ ์ž‘์€ ๋‚˜๋ฌด ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ดค๋‹ค. โœ… ์ง€์—ญ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Wrong: โ€œlooked at one small tree macroscopically.โ€ Right: analyzed regional ecosystem change macroscopically. ๐ŸŒฒ
Answer
๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  โ€” Pitfall fix: use ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  for broad systems, not tiny details.
D. โŒ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ๋‹ค. โœ… ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์‚ฌ์ „์— ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Wrong: casually checked the environment. Right: reviewed environmental impact in advance. ๐Ÿงช
Answer
๊ฒ€ํ†  โ€” Formal policy writing prefers ์‚ฌ์ „์— ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋‹ค.
E. โŒ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. โœ… ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Wrong: did the policy quickly. Right: reviewed feasibility before implementing the policy. ๐Ÿšฆ
Answer
ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ โ€” Pitfall fix: name the review step: ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ ๊ฒ€ํ† .
F. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ๋ณด์ „์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์„ธ์› ๋‹ค.
A plan was made in a direction that harmonizes development and conservation. ๐ŸŒฟ
Answer
์กฐํ™” โ€” ์กฐํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋‹ค = to harmonize.
G. ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž์› ์ด์šฉ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Resource use was minimized to reduce environmental burden. โ™ป๏ธ
Answer
์ตœ์†Œํ™” โ€” ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค = to minimize.
H. ์ •์ฑ… ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๋ ค๋ฉด ์ ˆ์ฐจ์  ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
To increase policy trust, procedural transparency must be secured. ๐Ÿ›๏ธ
Answer
ํ™•๋ณด โ€” ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋‹ค means to secure/ensure.
I. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
The cumulative impact of several development projects should be considered together. ๐Ÿงฎ
Answer
๋ˆ„์  โ€” ๋ˆ„์  ์˜ํ–ฅ = cumulative impact.
J. ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์˜ํ–ฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๊ฒ€ํ†  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Environmental impact assessment can be understood as an official review procedure. ๐Ÿ“‹
Answer
์ ˆ์ฐจ โ€” It is an official process, so ์ ˆ์ฐจ is correct.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ โ†’ sustainable development
  • ์ ˆ์ฐจ์  ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ โ†’ procedural transparency
  • ์ง€์—ญ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๋ณ€ํ™” โ†’ regional ecosystem change
  • ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to review environmental impact
  • ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to implement policy
  • ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ โ†’ feasibility/validity
  • ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ๋ณด์ „ โ†’ development and conservation
  • ์กฐํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋‹ค โ†’ to harmonize
  • ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ถ€๋‹ด โ†’ environmental burden
  • ์ž์› ์ด์šฉ โ†’ resource use
  • ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to secure
  • ๋ˆ„์  ์˜ํ–ฅ โ†’ cumulative impact
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Final audit: vague phrase? make it formal. Tiny detail? do not call it ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์ . Official process? choose ์ ˆ์ฐจ, not ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•.
ย 
๐ŸŽ‰ You made it through the policy forest. You can now discuss environmental assessment with words like ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  ๊ด€์ , ๋ˆ„์  ์˜ํ–ฅ, ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ ๊ฒ€ํ† , and ์ ˆ์ฐจ์  ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ โ€” which is exactly the kind of vocabulary that makes a Korean essay stand up straighter. ๐ŸŒฒ๐Ÿ“‘