Reframing an Opponent’s Argument

💡 TL;DR 🎯 Reframing an opponent's argument — accepting their words but rotating the frame — is one of the most sophisticated debate and negotiation skills in Korean. This lesson teaches how to steelman, reframe, turn, and redirect opposing arguments without direct confrontation.

📌 Helper Note 🗒️ The Korean reframe never says "you're wrong." Instead it says: "말씀하신 내용을 다른 각도에서 보면..." (looking at what you said from a different angle...) or "그 점이 오히려 ~을 의미하기도 합니다" (that point actually also means ~). The reframe accepts their words — then redirects them.

🔑 Big Picture

🔄 Four reframing moves:

Move	What it does	Korean signal
Angle rotate	Same fact, different interpretation	다른 각도에서 보면...
Steelman + redirect	Strengthen their point, then redirect it	말씀하신 점을 더 발전시키면...
Concede + expand	Accept the point, expand the context	맞습니다. 그리고 더 나아가면...
Turn	Their evidence supports YOUR position	그 사실이 오히려 ~을 보여줍니다

🧩 Core Concepts

🔄 Angle Rotation Phrases

🏋️ Steelman + Redirect

↩️ Turn Phrases

✅ Exam Strategy

✔️ 말씀하신 내용을 다른 각도에서 보면 = the angle rotation opener

✔️ 그 논리를 끝까지 따라가면 = the steelman-to-redirect move

✔️ 그 사실이 오히려 ~을 보여줍니다 = the judo turn

✔️ Never say "틀렸어요" — reframe instead

⚠️ Pitfalls

😬 Direct contradiction — "그건 틀렸어요" triggers defensiveness and debate deadlock

😬 Strawmanning — misrepresenting their argument before attacking; audiences notice

😬 Over-conceding — 맞습니다 too enthusiastically before turning can sound insincere

😬 Reframing without landing your actual point — the reframe is a vehicle, not the destination

🗣️ Dialogue Patterns

Pattern 1 — Angle rotation:

말씀하신 내용을 다른 각도에서 보면, 이는 오히려 ~을 의미합니다.

Pattern 2 — Steelman + redirect:

말씀하신 점을 더 발전시키면, 그 논리가 결국 ~로 이어집니다.

Pattern 3 — Concede + expand:

맞습니다. 그리고 더 나아가면, ~이라는 점도 고려해야 합니다.

Pattern 4 — Judo turn:

그 사실이 오히려 제 주장을 뒷받침합니다. 왜냐하면 ~이기 때문입니다.

🧠 Nuance Bank

🔖 Try this exercise

Q1. The safest and most sophisticated way to reframe an opponent's argument in Korean is:

① "그건 틀렸어요."

② "말씀하신 내용을 다른 각도에서 보면, ~이라고도 볼 수 있습니다."

③ "동의 못 해요."

④ "근거가 없어요."

Answer

② — 말씀하신 내용을 다른 각도에서 보면 = looking at what you said from a different angle. Accepts their words, rotates the frame — never contradicts directly.

Q2. "그 논리를 끝까지 따라가면" is the steelman move because:

① It challenges their premise

② It ACCEPTS their logic and follows it to its conclusion — which happens to support YOUR position

③ It introduces a counterexample

④ It changes the subject

Answer

② — 그 논리를 끝까지 따라가면 = following that logic all the way to its conclusion. Accepts the logic → follows it to its natural end → which leads to your point. The steelman redirect.

Q3. "그 사실이 오히려 제 주장을 뒷받침합니다" is called a judo turn because:

① It's aggressive

② It uses the opponent's own evidence/momentum to support YOUR position — like a judo throw

③ It introduces new evidence

④ It changes the frame entirely

Answer

② — Judo principle: use the opponent's force (evidence) against them. 그 사실이 오히려 = that fact ACTUALLY (paradoxically) supports MY position. Their evidence redirected.

Q4. 오히려 in reframing phrases means:

① Similarly

② On the contrary / actually / paradoxically — "that actually does the opposite"

③ Therefore

④ Additionally

Answer

② — 오히려 = on the contrary, actually, paradoxically. 그 사실이 오히려 ~을 보여줍니다 = that fact actually (paradoxically) shows ~.

Q5. "맞습니다. 그리고 더 나아가면" is the concede-and-expand reframe because:

① It rejects their point

② It accepts their point (맞습니다) then expands the context to make their point incomplete (더 나아가면)

③ It agrees completely

④ It introduces new evidence

Answer

② — 맞습니다 (concede) + 그리고 더 나아가면 (expand) = the concede-and-expand. Their point is valid — but there's MORE context that changes the conclusion.

Q6. The difference between reframing and strawmanning is:

① They are the same

② Reframing uses the opponent's actual argument; strawmanning misrepresents it. Korean formal audiences notice strawmanning and it damages credibility.

③ Reframing is stronger

④ Strawmanning is acceptable in debates

Answer

② — Reframing = same actual argument, different interpretation. Strawmanning = misrepresented argument, easier to attack. The former builds credibility; the latter destroys it.

Q7. "이 문제를 조금 더 넓게 보면" reframes by:

① Narrowing the scope

② Expanding the scope — the opponent's view is too narrow; you open a broader frame

③ Challenging the evidence

④ Introducing a counterexample

Answer

② — 이 문제를 조금 더 넓게 보면 = if we look at this issue a little more broadly. Expands the scope frame — their valid but narrow point doesn't capture the full picture.

Q8. "그 관점이 맞다면, 그렇다면" followed by a consequence is:

① A concession

② The conditional steelman — "if your perspective is correct, then [consequence that supports your side]"

③ A question

④ A turn

Answer

② — 그 관점이 맞다면, 그렇다면 ~이어야 합니다 = IF your view is correct, THEN ~ must also be true. Accepts their premise conditionally → derives a consequence that supports your position.

Q9. "역설적으로" in a turn phrase signals:

① Agreement

② A paradoxical reversal — what seems to support their position actually supports yours

③ A contradiction

④ A new topic

Answer

② — 역설적으로 = paradoxically. Sets up the turn: "paradoxically, this evidence/point actually [the opposite of what you expect]."

10. The reframe MUST end with:

① "감사합니다"

② Your actual substantive point — the reframe is the vehicle; your position is the destination

③ Another question

④ A summary of their argument

Answer

② — The reframe is a door to your argument, not the argument itself. After 말씀하신 내용을 다른 각도에서 보면, you must land your actual point clearly.

🛠️ Speaking Formula

🔄 Reframing Formula:

[말씀하신 내용을 다른 각도에서 보면] + [그 사실이 오히려 ~을 의미합니다] + [그 논리를 끝까지 따라가면, ~로 이어집니다] + [따라서 ~입니다]

📌 Remember

🌟 말씀하신 내용을 다른 각도에서 보면 = the angle rotation opener

🌟 그 논리를 끝까지 따라가면 = the steelman redirect

🌟 그 사실이 오히려 ~을 보여줍니다 = the judo turn

🌟 역설적으로 = the paradox signal

🌟 Never say 틀렸어요 — reframe instead

🎯 Practice Hub

1. The reframing principle in Korean formal debate is:

① Contradict everything

② Accept the opponent's words, then rotate the frame — never directly contradict

③ Ignore their argument

④ Use the same words in a different order

Answer

② — Korean reframing: accept their words → rotate the interpretation. 말씀하신 내용을 다른 각도에서 보면 = same data, new frame.

2. "같은 사실을 다른 시각으로 보면" is a reframe because:

① It introduces new facts

② The facts are THE SAME — only the interpretive perspective changes

③ It challenges the evidence

④ It adds a counterexample

Answer

② — 같은 사실을 다른 시각으로 보면 = looking at THE SAME fact from a different perspective. Key: the facts are accepted; the frame changes.

3. 뒷받침하다 in 그 점이 오히려 제 주장을 뒷받침합니다 means:

① To challenge

② To support / back up — "that point actually SUPPORTS my argument"

③ To replace

④ To contradict

Answer

② — 뒷받침하다 = to support, back up. 제 주장을 뒷받침합니다 = supports my position/argument. The judo turn: their point supports YOUR side.

4. "그 논리는 반대로도 적용됩니다" means:

① The logic only applies in one direction

② That logic applies in reverse too — reversibility challenge

③ The logic is wrong

④ The logic needs more evidence

Answer

② — 그 논리는 반대로도 적용됩니다 = that logic applies in reverse too. If their logic cuts both ways, it can't uniquely support their position.

5. The steelman move (말씀하신 점을 더 발전시키면) is most effective when:

① The opponent's argument is weak

② The opponent's argument, followed to its conclusion, leads to your position — you strengthen it then redirect

③ You want to introduce new evidence

④ The argument is unrelated to your case

Answer

② — Steelman: make their argument as strong as possible, then follow it to its logical end — which happens to support your position. Most effective when their logic is internally consistent but incomplete.

6. "그 점이 사실이라고 하더라도" is:

① Agreeing completely

② A conditional concession — "even granting that point (is true)..." — then redirecting

③ A strong disagreement

④ A summary

Answer

② — 그 점이 사실이라고 하더라도 = even IF that point is true... The conditional concession that accepts a point FOR THE SAKE OF ARGUMENT, then pivots.

7. "말씀하신 전제에서 출발하면" is a reframe because:

① It rejects their premise

② It ACCEPTS their premise as the starting point, then derives a different conclusion from it

③ It changes the premise

④ It introduces a new premise

Answer

② — 말씀하신 전제에서 출발하면 = starting from the premise you stated. Accepts their starting point → derives YOUR conclusion from it.

8. The most powerful reframing sequence in Korean formal debate is:

① 틀렸어요 → 제가 맞아요

② 말씀하신 내용을 다른 각도에서 보면 → 그 논리를 끝까지 따라가면 → 오히려 → 따라서 ~입니다

③ 동의합니다 → 감사합니다

④ 틀렸어요 → 반례가 있어요

Answer

② — Angle rotation → steelman → judo turn (오히려) → land your position (따라서 ~입니다) = the complete reframing sequence.

9. "역설적으로, 그 사실이 ~을 더 강화합니다" is effective because:

① It introduces new evidence

② The paradoxical framing is memorable and signals intellectual sophistication

③ It avoids the opponent's argument

④ It summarizes

Answer

② — 역설적으로 (paradoxically) = a memorable, intellectually sophisticated signal that catches audiences' attention. The paradox is memorable; the point that follows lands harder.

10. After the reframe, the phrase 따라서 ~입니다 serves to:

① Continue the reframe

② Land your position — "therefore [your actual conclusion]" — the destination after the reframing vehicle

③ Ask a question

④ Summarize their argument

Answer

② — 따라서 = therefore. After the reframe, 따라서 ~입니다 = therefore, [your position]. The reframe sets up; 따라서 delivers.

11–50. (Extended drilling)

11. 시각 in 다른 시각으로 보면 means:

① Evidence

② Perspective / viewpoint — "from a different perspective"

③ Frame

④ Angle

Answer

② — 시각 = perspective, viewpoint (visual metaphor: 視角 = viewing angle). 다른 시각으로 보면 = looking from a different perspective.

12. The judo turn (그 사실이 오히려 제 주장을 뒷받침합니다) is most surprising when:

① The evidence is irrelevant

② The evidence SEEMS to support the opponent — making the turn unexpected and rhetorically powerful

③ The evidence is ambiguous

④ The evidence is new

Answer

② — The judo turn is most powerful when the audience EXPECTED the evidence to help the opponent — the unexpected redirect is rhetorically memorable.

13. "전제" in 말씀하신 전제에서 출발하면 means:

① Conclusion

② Premise — the foundational assumption the argument rests on

③ Evidence

④ Example

Answer

② — 전제 = premise. 말씀하신 전제에서 출발하면 = starting from the premise you stated → deriving a different conclusion.

14. "이 문제를 조금 더 넓게 보면" is most useful when:

① The opponent's analysis is too detailed

② The opponent's view is valid but too narrow — expanding scope shows a bigger picture that changes the conclusion

③ The opponent is wrong about basic facts

④ The premise is incorrect

Answer

② — Scope expansion reframe: their analysis is valid within its narrow scope, but a broader view changes the conclusion. 이 문제를 조금 더 넓게 보면...

15. "오히려" can be translated as:

① Therefore

② On the contrary / actually / paradoxically — signals a reversal of expectation

③ Additionally

④ Similarly

Answer

② — 오히려 = on the contrary, actually, paradoxically — signals: what you expect is the opposite of what's true. 그 사실이 오히려 = that fact ACTUALLY (contrary to expectation).

16. Which reframe is MOST appropriate when the opponent's logic is internally consistent but incomplete?

① Angle rotation

② Steelman + redirect: 그 논리를 끝까지 따라가면, ~로 이어집니다

③ Judo turn

④ Concede + expand

Answer

② — Steelman + redirect: internally consistent but incomplete logic → follow it to its completion → where it leads to your position. Best for arguments that are well-structured but don't go far enough.

17. "그렇다면 어떻게 설명하시겠습니까?" after a reframe does what?

① Summarizes

② Challenges the opponent to account for the implication of the reframe they can't escape

③ Asks for clarification

④ Defers

Answer

② — 그렇다면 어떻게 설명하시겠습니까? = then how would you explain...? After the reframe lands an uncomfortable implication, this question forces the opponent to address it.

18. The concede-and-expand move (맞습니다. 그리고 더 나아가면) is most credible when:

① You concede something trivial

② You concede something GENUINELY valid — partial agreement increases trust before the expansion

③ You concede everything

④ You concede immediately without thinking

Answer

② — Genuine concession + expansion = most credible. If you concede something trivial, the concession seems tactical and insincere. Concede what is genuinely true.

19. "그 논리는 반대로도 적용됩니다" challenges the argument's:

① Premise

② Directionality — if the logic cuts both ways, it can't uniquely favor their position

③ Evidence

④ Conclusion

Answer

② — 그 논리는 반대로도 적용됩니다 = that logic applies in reverse too. Challenges: if the logic works symmetrically, it's not a directional argument for their side.

20. The complete Korean reframing system is:

① 틀렸어요 × n

② [Accept their words] → [Rotate angle / steelman / expand / turn] → [오히려 + your point] → [따라서 ~입니다]

③ 동의합니다 → 끝

④ 다른 말 → 끝

Answer

② — Accept (never directly reject) → reframe move (angle/steelman/expand/turn) → ohi-ryeo pivot → land your position = the complete Korean reframing system.

21–50. (Final drill)

21. "그 관점이 맞다면, 그렇다면 ~이어야 합니다" is a reframe because:

① It introduces new evidence

② It accepts their view conditionally → derives an implication that challenges their conclusion

③ It changes the subject

④ It summarizes

Answer

② — Conditional steelman: IF their view is correct, THEN ~ must follow — and that consequence challenges or enriches their position.

22. 따라서 in reframing means:

① However

② Therefore — introduces your conclusion after the reframe

③ Additionally

④ Paradoxically

Answer

② — 따라서 = therefore. 따라서 ~입니다 = therefore [your position]. The logical conclusion after the reframing chain.

23. Why does the Korean reframe avoid direct contradiction?

① Direct contradiction is illegal in Korean debates

② It preserves the relationship, avoids triggering defensiveness, and maintains the shared pursuit of truth

③ Korean audiences prefer agreement

④ It's grammatically required

Answer

② — Direct contradiction triggers defensive shutdown. The reframe keeps the conversation alive: "we're looking at the same thing, but differently" — collaborative framing, not adversarial.

24. "맞습니다. 다만, 더 넓게 보면" combines:

① Rejection and expansion

② Concession (맞습니다) + scope expansion (더 넓게 보면) — the concede-and-expand

③ Two agreements

④ A judo turn and an angle rotation

Answer

② — 맞습니다 (concede: you're right about that) + 다만 더 넓게 보면 (but if we look more broadly) = concede-and-expand — the gentlest and most credible reframe.

25. The angle rotation (말씀하신 내용을 다른 각도에서 보면) works by:

① Changing the facts

② Keeping the same facts but offering a new interpretive lens that changes the conclusion

③ Introducing new evidence

④ Challenging the logic

Answer

② — Angle rotation = same facts, new interpretive lens. 같은 사실 + 다른 각도 = different conclusion. No new evidence needed — just a different frame.

26. 역설적 in 역설적으로, 그 사실은 ~을 보여줍니다 is borrowed from:

① Paradox (역설) — the rhetorical device of revealing a truth that appears contradictory on the surface

② Metaphor

③ Irony

④ Analogy

Answer

① — 역설 (逆說) = paradox. 역설적으로 = paradoxically. Signals: what seems to point one way actually reveals the opposite. Rhetorically powerful and memorable.

27. "그 점을 인정하더라도" in a reframe means:

① I agree with that point

② Even granting/admitting that point — conditional concession before redirecting

③ That point is important

④ I'll prove that point wrong

Answer

② — 그 점을 인정하더라도 = even granting/admitting that point. Similar to 그 점이 사실이라고 하더라도. Conditional concession → redirect.

28. The steelman move (말씀하신 점을 더 발전시키면) respects the opponent because:

① It ignores their argument

② It takes their argument seriously and extends it — signaling their logic has merit even if it leads somewhere different

③ It defeats their argument

④ It asks them to repeat

Answer

② — Taking someone's argument further (발전시키면) respects their logic while demonstrating your own mastery. It says: "your argument is good — and when followed fully, it leads here."

29. Which phrase BEST introduces the judo turn in a Korean debate?

① "틀렸어요."

② "흥미롭게도, 그 사실이 오히려 제 입장을 더 강하게 뒷받침합니다."

③ "그건 관련 없어요."

④ "맞아요."

Answer

② — 흥미롭게도 (interestingly) + 그 사실이 오히려 제 입장을 더 강하게 뒷받침합니다 (that fact actually more strongly supports my position) = the judo turn with rhetorical flourish.

30. The complete reframing toolkit for Korean formal debate includes:

① Only direct contradiction

② Angle rotation + steelman redirect + concede-and-expand + judo turn + conditional concession

③ Only agreement

④ Evidence only

Answer

② — The five reframing moves: angle rotation (다른 각도에서 보면) + steelman redirect (그 논리를 끝까지 따라가면) + concede-expand (맞습니다. 그리고) + judo turn (오히려 제 주장을 뒷받침합니다) + conditional concession (그 점이 사실이라고 하더라도) = the complete system.

31–50. (Final drill)

31. "흥미롭게도" before a reframe serves to:

① Dismiss the opponent's point

② Arouse audience curiosity — "interestingly" primes the audience that something unexpected is coming

③ Signal agreement

④ Introduce new evidence

Answer

② — 흥미롭게도 = interestingly. Primes the audience for a surprising insight — attention spikes. Best used before a judo turn or angle rotation.

32. 출발하다 in 말씀하신 전제에서 출발하면 means:

① To conclude

② To start / depart from — "starting from your stated premise"

③ To challenge

④ To accept

Answer

② — 출발하다 = to start, depart. 전제에서 출발하면 = starting/departing from the premise. Accepts their starting point.

33. The difference between judo turn and angle rotation is:

① They are the same

② Judo turn = uses their OWN evidence against them; angle rotation = same facts, new interpretive frame. Judo turn is more dramatic; angle rotation is subtler.

③ Angle rotation is stronger

④ Judo turn is only for debates

Answer

② — Judo turn: their evidence → redirected to support you. Angle rotation: same facts, different frame. Both keep the opponent's material intact — just redirected differently.

34. "그 점은 옳지만, 더 중요한 것은..." is what type of reframe?

① Angle rotation

② Concede + expand — accepting the point then showing what's more important/complete

③ Judo turn

④ Steelman

Answer

② — 그 점은 옳지만 (that point is correct, but) + 더 중요한 것은 (what's more important is) = concede + expand — expanding to a more significant consideration.

35. "이 맥락에서 보면" as a reframe means:

① Looking at this narrowly

② Looking at this in this context — the context shift reframe

③ Looking at this historically

④ Looking at this practically

Answer

② — 이 맥락에서 보면 = looking at this in this (new) context. Reframing by shifting the contextual lens through which the argument is evaluated.

36. "그 사실을 부정하는 것이 아니라, 의미를 달리 해석하는 것입니다" explains:

① The argument is wrong

② The reframing principle: you're not denying the fact — you're interpreting its meaning differently

③ New evidence was introduced

④ The argument was summarized

Answer

② — 사실을 부정하는 것이 아니라 (not denying the fact) + 의미를 달리 해석하는 것입니다 (interpreting the meaning differently) = the meta-explanation of what reframing IS.

37. 달리 in 의미를 달리 해석하다 means:

① Similarly

② Differently — "to interpret the meaning differently"

③ Broadly

④ More deeply

Answer

② — 달리 = differently. 달리 해석하다 = to interpret differently.

38. "말씀하신 논리의 연장선에서 보면" means:

① Extending beyond their logic

② In the extension of your stated logic — following the trajectory of their argument further

③ In the middle of their logic

④ At the start of their logic

Answer

② — 논리의 연장선에서 보면 = in the extension/continuation of the logic — steelman move that follows the trajectory further.

39. The MOST credible concession in a reframe is one that:

① Concedes everything

② Concedes something genuinely valid and specific — not vague or trivial

③ Concedes nothing

④ Concedes the most dramatic point

Answer

② — Specific, genuine concession = most credible. 맞습니다 + 구체적인 인정 = signals you've actually engaged with the argument before pivoting.

40. The Korean reframing system is built on the principle that:

① Arguments are won by being loudest

② The most persuasive move in Korean formal discourse is accepting the frame while changing the interpretation

③ Direct contradiction is the most efficient

④ Evidence always wins

Answer

② — Korean formal discourse norms: face (체면) preservation + collaborative truth-seeking = reframing (accepting their frame → redirecting) always outperforms direct contradiction.

41. "이어받아 말씀드리면" in a reframe context means:

① I'll reject what you said

② Building on what you said / picking up from your point — the smoothest concede-and-expand opener

③ I'll summarize what you said

④ I'll repeat what you said

Answer

② — 이어받아 말씀드리면 = building on / picking up from what you said. The most fluid concede-and-expand opener — honors their contribution while extending it.

42. 맥락 means:

① Evidence

② Context / setting — the contextual frame within which something is understood

③ Logic

④ Perspective

Answer

② — 맥락 = context, setting. 이 맥락에서 보면 = in this context / looking at this in this context.

43. The reframe formula that MOST directly takes an opponent's strength and turns it into a support for your position is:

① Angle rotation

② Judo turn: 그 사실이 오히려 제 주장을 뒷받침합니다

③ Concede + expand

④ Scope expansion

Answer

② — Judo turn: most directly takes their strength (evidence they believe supports them) and flips it to support your position.

44. "그 점이 사실이라고 하더라도, 그것만으로 결론을 내리기에는 부족합니다" argues:

① The point is wrong

② Even if that point is true, it's insufficient to reach that conclusion — evidentiary insufficiency reframe

③ The conclusion is correct

④ More evidence is needed for a different conclusion

Answer

② — 그 점이 사실이라고 하더라도 (even if true) + 그것만으로 결론을 내리기에는 부족합니다 (insufficient for this conclusion) = conditional concession + evidentiary insufficiency reframe.

45. "이 논점을 둘러싼 더 넓은 맥락을 보면" is the scope expansion reframe because:

① It narrows focus

② It widens the contextual frame — "looking at the broader context surrounding this issue"

③ It introduces new logic

④ It challenges the premise

Answer

② — 이 논점을 둘러싼 더 넓은 맥락을 보면 = looking at the broader context surrounding this issue. Scope expansion reframe.

46. "흥미롭게도 그 논리를 뒤집으면" (interestingly, flipping that logic) is closest to:

① Angle rotation

② Judo turn — flipping the logic to reverse its direction

③ Concede + expand

④ Steelman

Answer

② — 그 논리를 뒤집으면 = flipping/reversing that logic = the judo variant that reverses the logical direction rather than the interpretation.

47. "부정하다" in 사실을 부정하는 것이 아니라 means:

① To accept

② To deny / negate / reject

③ To explain

④ To understand

Answer

② — 부정하다 = to deny, negate, reject. 사실을 부정하는 것이 아니라 = not denying the fact (but interpreting it differently).

48. The reframe that is MOST suited to situations where the opponent has strong data is:

① Angle rotation — the data is good, but the interpretation of what it means can shift

② Judo turn

③ Scope expansion

④ Concede + expand

Answer

① — When the data is strong, you can't challenge it directly. Angle rotation: accept the data, reframe what it MEANS. Same numbers, different story.

49. "이 논점의 핵심을 재해석하면" signals:

① Summarizing the argument

② A comprehensive reframe — re-interpreting the very core of the issue

③ Agreeing with the argument

④ Introducing new evidence

Answer

② — 이 논점의 핵심을 재해석하면 = re-interpreting the very core of this issue. The most fundamental reframe — changes what the core of the debate IS.

50. The complete Korean argument reframing system applies which principle?

① Win by any means necessary

② Judo principle: use the opponent's momentum (words, evidence, logic) to redirect toward your position — never resist directly

③ Win by having the most evidence

④ Win by speaking loudest

Answer

② — The judo principle governs all Korean reframing: 말씀하신 내용을 다른 각도에서 보면 / 그 논리를 끝까지 따라가면 / 그 사실이 오히려 = always using their material, never fighting directly.