TL;DR โ Sino-Korean Numbers in 3 bullets
- ๐จ๐ณ Sino-Korean numbers (ํ์์ด ์ซ์) come from Chinese: ์ผ, ์ด, ์ผ, ์ฌ, ์ค, ์ก, ์น , ํ, ๊ตฌ, ์ญ.
- ๐ Use them for dates, money, minutes, phone numbers, floors, math โ anything that feels "countable / formal / measured."
- โ ๏ธ Watch the irregulars: 6์ = ์ ์, 10์ = ์์. And don't use them for hours โ that's Native Korean's job (ํ ์, ๋ ์).
Iru's Helper Note
์๋
! ๐ฆ Korean has TWO number systems and learners always panic at this. Don't! There's a clean rule of thumb: if the number sits in front of a counter that feels "measured" โ money (์), time-units smaller than an hour (๋ถ, ์ด), dates (๋
/์/์ผ), floors (์ธต), or any formal measurement โ use Sino-Korean. If you're counting items or saying the hour, you'll use Native Korean (next lesson). Master Sino-Korean first because it covers more ground and follows a beautifully regular pattern. Let's go! ๐
๐ง Audio Practice
Numbers are everywhere in real Korean life โ prices at convenience stores, time on the subway, dates on K-drama subtitles. Open Korean Helper Widgets in a side window and play each number aloud. Pay extra attention to ์ ์ (June) and ์์ (October) โ these are NOT ์ก์ / ์ญ์!
๐ข The Sino-Korean Digits 0โ10
- 0๏ธโฃ ์ (formal zero) / ๊ณต (zero in phone numbers, room numbers)
- 1๏ธโฃ ์ผ
- 2๏ธโฃ ์ด
- 3๏ธโฃ ์ผ
- 4๏ธโฃ ์ฌ
- 5๏ธโฃ ์ค
- 6๏ธโฃ ์ก
- 7๏ธโฃ ์น
- 8๏ธโฃ ํ
- 9๏ธโฃ ๊ตฌ
- ๐ ์ญ
๐ก Memorize 1โ10 cold. Every other Sino number is just a combination of these.
๐๏ธ Building Bigger Numbers โ Place Values
Sino-Korean stacks place values like LEGO bricks:
- ๐ ์ญ = 10
- ๐ฏ ๋ฐฑ = 100
- ๐๏ธ ์ฒ = 1,000
- ๐๏ธ ๋ง = 10,000
- ๐ ์ต = 100,000,000 (one hundred million)
- ๐ ์กฐ = 1,000,000,000,000 (one trillion)
โ ๏ธ Korean groups numbers by 10,000 (๋ง), not by 1,000 like English. This is the single most important thing to internalize.
Examples:
- 11 = ์ญ์ผ (10 + 1)
- 25 = ์ด์ญ์ค (2ร10 + 5)
- 99 = ๊ตฌ์ญ๊ตฌ
- 100 = ๋ฐฑ
- 365 = ์ผ๋ฐฑ์ก์ญ์ค
- 1,000 = ์ฒ
- 9,999 = ๊ตฌ์ฒ๊ตฌ๋ฐฑ๊ตฌ์ญ๊ตฌ
- 10,000 = ๋ง (just ๋ง, not ์ผ๋ง in everyday speech)
- 50,000 = ์ค๋ง
- 100,000 = ์ญ๋ง
- 1,000,000 = ๋ฐฑ๋ง
- 10,000,000 = ์ฒ๋ง
- 100,000,000 = ์ผ์ต
๐ก Quick parsing trick: When you see a big number, count digits from the right and split at every 4th digit (the ๋ง boundary), not every 3rd.
- 1,234,567 in English = 1 million 234 thousand 567
- 1,234,567 in Korean = ๋ฐฑ์ด์ญ์ผ๋ง ์ฌ์ฒ์ค๋ฐฑ์ก์ญ์น (123 ๋ง + 4,567)
๐ Dates โ ๋ / ์ / ์ผ
Dates use Sino-Korean numbers + the counters ๋
(year), ์ (month), ์ผ (day), written in big-to-small order (year โ month โ day):
- ๐ 2026๋ = ์ด์ฒ์ด์ญ์ก ๋
- ๐ 1999๋ = ์ฒ๊ตฌ๋ฐฑ๊ตฌ์ญ๊ตฌ ๋
- ๐ 4์ 29์ผ = ์ฌ ์ ์ด์ญ๊ตฌ ์ผ (April 29th)
- ๐ 2026๋ 4์ 29์ผ = ์ด์ฒ์ด์ญ์ก ๋ ์ฌ ์ ์ด์ญ๊ตฌ ์ผ
๐จ Two Month Irregulars (memorize these!)
- โ ์ก์ โ โ ์ ์ (June โ ใฑ batchim of ์ก drops)
- โ ์ญ์ โ โ ์์ (October โ ใ batchim of ์ญ drops)
All other months are regular: ์ผ์, ์ด์, ์ผ์, ์ฌ์, ์ค์, ์ ์, ์น ์, ํ์, ๊ตฌ์, ์์, ์ญ์ผ์, ์ญ์ด์.
๐ฐ Money โ ์
Korean currency is ์ (won). Always Sino-Korean:
- ๐ต 1,000์ = ์ฒ ์
- ๐ต 5,000์ = ์ค์ฒ ์
- ๐ต 10,000์ = ๋ง ์ (NOT ์ผ๋ง ์ in conversation)
- ๐ต 50,000์ = ์ค๋ง ์
- ๐ต 100,000์ = ์ญ๋ง ์
- ๐ต 1,000,000์ = ๋ฐฑ๋ง ์
- ๐ต 13,500์ = ๋ง ์ผ์ฒ์ค๋ฐฑ ์
๐ก Real-life tip: When you hear "๋ง ์" at a Korean store, that's ~$7 USD. "์ญ๋ง ์" โ $70. "๋ฐฑ๋ง ์" โ $700.
โฐ Minutes & Seconds โ ๋ถ / ์ด
Minutes (๋ถ) and seconds (์ด) use Sino-Korean. Hours (์) use Native Korean โ we'll do that in the next lesson, but here's a preview so the time format makes sense:
- โฐ 3:30 = ์ธ ์ ์ผ์ญ ๋ถ (Native ์ธ + Sino ์ผ์ญ)
- โฐ 5:45 = ๋ค์ฏ ์ ์ฌ์ญ์ค ๋ถ
- โฐ 12:00 = ์ด๋ ์ (no ๋ถ needed when on the hour)
- โฑ๏ธ 30์ด = ์ผ์ญ ์ด
Mixed example: 7์ 15๋ถ 30์ด = ์ผ๊ณฑ ์ ์ญ์ค ๋ถ ์ผ์ญ ์ด
๐ Phone Numbers, Floors, Rooms
- ๐ Phone numbers: Sino-Korean, with ๊ณต instead of ์ for zero. Read digit-by-digit.
- 010-1234-5678 = ๊ณต์ผ๊ณต ์ผ์ด์ผ์ฌ ์ค์ก์น ํ
- ๐ข Floors (์ธต): 3์ธต = ์ผ ์ธต, 10์ธต = ์ญ ์ธต
- ๐จ Room numbers (ํธ): 502ํธ = ์ค๋ฐฑ์ด ํธ
- ๐ Bus numbers: ๋ฒ์ค 271๋ฒ = ์ด๋ฐฑ์น ์ญ์ผ ๋ฒ
๐งฎ Math, Measurements, Misc.
Sino-Korean shows up everywhere "measured" or formal:
- ๐งฎ 1 + 2 = 3 โ ์ผ ๋ํ๊ธฐ ์ด๋ ์ผ
- ๐ 5cm = ์ค ์ผํฐ๋ฏธํฐ / 10kg = ์ญ ํฌ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ
- ๐ก๏ธ 25ยฐC = ์ด์ญ์ค ๋
- ๐ Centuries: 21์ธ๊ธฐ = ์ด์ญ์ผ ์ธ๊ธฐ
- ๐ Pages: 100ํ์ด์ง = ๋ฐฑ ํ์ด์ง
- ๐ Percentages: 50% = ์ค์ญ ํผ์ผํธ
๐ซ When NOT to Use Sino-Korean
Sino-Korean is wrong in three big places:
- โ Hours of the clock โ use Native Korean: ํ ์, ๋ ์, ์ธ ์
- โ Counting items โ "three apples" uses Native Korean: ์ฌ๊ณผ ์ธ ๊ฐ
- โ Ages in casual speech โ "I'm 25" โ ์ค๋ฌผ๋ค์ฏ ์ด (Native), not ์ด์ญ์ค ์ด. (Formal/legal contexts do use ๋ง 25์ธ, but casual speech is Native.)
We'll cover all three uses in detail in the Native Korean Numbers lesson. For now: when in doubt about hours, ages, or counting items โ pause before defaulting to Sino-Korean.
๐ฐ๐ท Why This Matters
Sino-Korean numbers come from Chinese characters (ํ์) and entered Korean over a thousand years ago. They cover the measured, formal, technical side of life โ exactly the side where you'll need them most as a learner: ordering coffee (๊ฐ๊ฒฉ / price), catching a train (์๊ฐ / time-of-day in minutes), checking dates on a Korean calendar, and reading street addresses. Per korean.go.kr (the National Institute of Korean Language), Sino-Korean numbers are taught alongside Native Korean numbers as the foundational dual system every learner must master. Get fluent with Sino first because it covers ~70% of real-world number situations.
โ ๏ธ Pitfalls
- โ ์ก์ (saying "6์" the regular way)
- โ ์ ์ (June drops the ใฑ)
- โ ์ญ์ (saying "10์" the regular way)
- โ ์์ (October drops the ใ )
- โ ์์ผ์ in a phone number
- โ ๊ณต์ผ๊ณต (use ๊ณต, not ์, for phone-number zeros)
- โ ์ด์ญ์ค ์ (using Sino-Korean for the hour)
- โ ๋ค์ฏ ์ (hours are Native Korean)
- โ ์ผ๋ง ์ in casual speech
- โ ๋ง ์ (drop "์ผ" before ๋ง in everyday speech)
- โ Grouping in thousands when reading big numbers
- โ Group in ๋ง (10,000s) โ Korean's natural unit boundary
๐ You did it!
You now own the Sino-Korean number system: digits 1โ10, place values up to ์กฐ, dates with ๋
/์/์ผ (and the ์ ์/์์ traps), money in ์, minutes/seconds, phone numbers, floors, and the rule for when NOT to use Sino. ์ ๋ง ์ํ์ด์! ํ์ดํ
! ๐
๐ฎ Try this exercise
Vocabulary Box
Decide whether the slot needs Sino-Korean. Read each number out loud, and watch for the 6์/10์ traps and the ๋ง boundary.
- Write 7 in Sino-Korean.
Answer
์น .
- Write 25 in Sino-Korean.
Answer
์ด์ญ์ค โ 2ร10 + 5.
- Write 100 in Sino-Korean.
Answer
๋ฐฑ.
- Write 10,000 in Sino-Korean (everyday form).
Answer
๋ง โ drop the ์ผ in casual speech.
- Say "June" in Korean.
Answer
์ ์ โ irregular! NOT ์ก์.
- Say "October" in Korean.
Answer
์์ โ irregular! NOT ์ญ์.
- Read the date 2026๋ 4์ 29์ผ aloud.
Answer
์ด์ฒ์ด์ญ์ก ๋
์ฌ ์ ์ด์ญ๊ตฌ ์ผ.
- Read 13,500์ in Korean.
Answer
๋ง ์ผ์ฒ์ค๋ฐฑ ์ โ 1ร๋ง + 3,500.
- Read the phone number 010-1234 aloud.
Answer
๊ณต์ผ๊ณต ์ผ์ด์ผ์ฌ โ use ๊ณต (not ์) for zeros.
- Should hours of the clock use Sino-Korean?
Answer
No โ hours use Native Korean (ํ ์, ๋ ์โฆ). Sino is only for the minute/second portion (์ผ์ญ ๋ถ, ์ญ์ค ์ด).
Ready for more? Head to the Practice Hub block below for 50 deeper exercises across digits, place values, dates, money, time, and Sino vs. Native!
๐ฏ Sino-Korean Numbers Practice Hub
Welcome to your 50-question deep dive! These exercises drill the digits, place-value building, dates with ๋
/์/์ผ (including the ์ ์/์์ traps), money in ์, time in ๋ถ/์ด, and the Sino-vs-Native distinction. ๐ฅ
๐ง Don't forget to open Korean Helper Widgets for audio playback while you practice โ saying each number aloud locks it into your brain.
How to use: Work one exercise at a time. Read each prompt, predict the answer, then open the Answer toggle to confirm. Move on once you can ace 8/10.
๐ข Exercise 1 โ Digits & Two-Digit Numbers
๐ Vocabulary Box: Translate the Arabic numeral into Sino-Korean.
๐ก Tip: Two-digit numbers = (digit) + ์ญ + (digit). E.g., 47 = ์ฌ์ญ์น .
A. 3 โ ?
Answer
์ผ.
B. 8 โ ?
Answer
ํ.
C. 14 โ ?
Answer
์ญ์ฌ โ 10 + 4.
D. 27 โ ?
Answer
์ด์ญ์น โ 2ร10 + 7.
E. 50 โ ?
Answer
์ค์ญ โ 5ร10.
F. 68 โ ?
Answer
์ก์ญํ โ 6ร10 + 8.
G. 71 โ ?
Answer
์น ์ญ์ผ โ 7ร10 + 1.
H. 89 โ ?
Answer
ํ์ญ๊ตฌ โ 8ร10 + 9.
I. 99 โ ?
Answer
๊ตฌ์ญ๊ตฌ โ 9ร10 + 9.
J. 0 (in a phone number) โ ?
Answer
๊ณต โ phone-number zero. (Formal zero is ์.)
๐๏ธ Exercise 2 โ Place Values (๋ฐฑ / ์ฒ / ๋ง)
๐ Vocabulary Box: Build the bigger number by stacking ๋ฐฑ (100), ์ฒ (1,000), and ๋ง (10,000).
๐ก Tip: Group by ๋ง (every 4 digits from the right), not by thousands.
A. 100 โ ?
Answer
๋ฐฑ โ just ๋ฐฑ, no leading ์ผ.
B. 365 โ ?
Answer
์ผ๋ฐฑ์ก์ญ์ค โ 3ร100 + 6ร10 + 5.
C. 1,000 โ ?
Answer
์ฒ โ just ์ฒ, no leading ์ผ.
D. 2,024 โ ?
Answer
์ด์ฒ์ด์ญ์ฌ โ 2ร1,000 + 2ร10 + 4.
E. 5,500 โ ?
Answer
์ค์ฒ์ค๋ฐฑ โ 5ร1,000 + 5ร100.
F. 10,000 โ ?
Answer
๋ง โ everyday form drops the ์ผ.
G. 35,000 โ ?
Answer
์ผ๋ง ์ค์ฒ โ 3ร๋ง + 5ร์ฒ.
H. 100,000 โ ?
Answer
์ญ๋ง โ 10ร๋ง.
I. 1,000,000 โ ?
Answer
๋ฐฑ๋ง โ 100ร๋ง.
J. 1,234,567 โ ?
Answer
๋ฐฑ์ด์ญ์ผ๋ง ์ฌ์ฒ์ค๋ฐฑ์ก์ญ์น โ 123ร๋ง + 4,567.
๐ Exercise 3 โ Dates (๋ / ์ / ์ผ)
๐ Vocabulary Box: Read the date out loud in big-to-small order: year โ month โ day.
๐ก Tip: Watch for ์ ์ (June) and ์์ (October).
A. 1์ 1์ผ โ ?
Answer
์ผ ์ ์ผ ์ผ โ January 1st.
B. 3์ 15์ผ โ ?
Answer
์ผ ์ ์ญ์ค ์ผ.
C. 6์ 6์ผ โ ?
Answer
์ ์ ์ก ์ผ โ month is irregular (์ ์), but the day stays regular (์ก ์ผ).
D. 7์ 23์ผ โ ?
Answer
์น ์ ์ด์ญ์ผ ์ผ.
E. 10์ 9์ผ โ ?
Answer
์์ ๊ตฌ ์ผ โ month is irregular (์์).
F. 12์ 25์ผ โ ?
Answer
์ญ์ด ์ ์ด์ญ์ค ์ผ โ Christmas Day.
G. 1999๋
โ ?
Answer
์ฒ๊ตฌ๋ฐฑ๊ตฌ์ญ๊ตฌ ๋
.
H. 2000๋
โ ?
Answer
์ด์ฒ ๋
.
I. 2026๋
โ ?
Answer
์ด์ฒ์ด์ญ์ก ๋
.
J. 2026๋
4์ 29์ผ โ ?
Answer
์ด์ฒ์ด์ญ์ก ๋
์ฌ ์ ์ด์ญ๊ตฌ ์ผ.
๐ฐ Exercise 4 โ Money & Time (์ / ๋ถ / ์ด)
๐ Vocabulary Box: Read prices and time amounts using Sino-Korean numbers.
๐ก Tip: Drop the ์ผ before ๋ง in everyday speech ("๋ง ์" not "์ผ๋ง ์"). Hours use Native Korean โ only the minute/second portion is Sino.
A. 1,000์ โ ?
Answer
์ฒ ์.
B. 5,000์ โ ?
Answer
์ค์ฒ ์.
C. 10,000์ โ ?
Answer
๋ง ์ โ drop ์ผ.
D. 23,500์ โ ?
Answer
์ด๋ง ์ผ์ฒ์ค๋ฐฑ ์.
E. 100,000์ โ ?
Answer
์ญ๋ง ์.
F. 1,250,000์ โ ?
Answer
๋ฐฑ์ด์ญ์ค๋ง ์.
G. 30๋ถ โ ?
Answer
์ผ์ญ ๋ถ โ 30 minutes.
H. 45์ด โ ?
Answer
์ฌ์ญ์ค ์ด โ 45 seconds.
I. Read the minute portion of 5:15 โ ?
Answer
์ญ์ค ๋ถ โ Sino for minutes. (The hour 5 = ๋ค์ฏ ์ in Native.)
J. Read the minute portion of 9:45 โ ?
Answer
์ฌ์ญ์ค ๋ถ.
๐ Exercise 5 โ Sino vs. Native, Phone Numbers, Translation
๐ Vocabulary Box: Decide whether each context needs Sino-Korean, then read or translate.
๐ก Tip: Hours, item-counting, and casual ages โ Native. Everything else here โ Sino.
A. 010-9876-5432 โ ?
Answer
๊ณต์ผ๊ณต ๊ตฌํ์น ์ก ์ค์ฌ์ผ์ด โ ๊ณต for zeros, digit-by-digit.
B. "I live on the 5th floor." (use ~์ ์ด์์)
Answer
์ ๋ ์ค ์ธต์ ์ด์์. โ ์ธต (floor) takes Sino.
C. "My room number is 502."
Answer
์ ๋ฐฉ ๋ฒํธ๋ ์ค๋ฐฑ์ด ํธ์์. โ ํธ (room) takes Sino.
D. "Today is October 9th." (์ค๋์ ~ ์ด์์)
Answer
์ค๋์ ์์ ๊ตฌ ์ผ์ด์์. โ ์์ irregular!
E. "It costs 15,000 won." (~์์ด์์)
Answer
๋ง ์ค์ฒ ์์ด์์. โ drop the ์ผ before ๋ง.
F. "I was born in 1999." (์ ๋ ~ ๋
์ ํ์ด๋ฌ์ด์)
Answer
์ ๋ ์ฒ๊ตฌ๋ฐฑ๊ตฌ์ญ๊ตฌ ๋
์ ํ์ด๋ฌ์ด์.
G. Should "three apples" use Sino-Korean?
Answer
No โ counting items uses Native Korean (์ฌ๊ณผ ์ธ ๊ฐ).
H. Should "3 o'clock" use Sino-Korean?
Answer
No โ hours use Native Korean (์ธ ์). Only the minute portion uses Sino.
I. "My phone number is 010-1234-5678." (์ ์ ํ๋ฒํธ๋ ~ ์ด์์)
Answer
์ ์ ํ๋ฒํธ๋ ๊ณต์ผ๊ณต ์ผ์ด์ผ์ฌ ์ค์ก์น ํ์ด์์.
J. "The temperature is 25 degrees." (~ ๋์์)
Answer
์ด์ญ์ค ๋์์. โ ๋ (degree) takes Sino.
๐ 50 questions down! You can now read Sino-Korean digits 1โ10, build numbers up to ๋ฐฑ๋ง and beyond, handle dates (with the ์ ์/์์ traps), money in ์, time in ๋ถ/์ด, phone numbers with ๊ณต, and you know when NOT to use Sino. ์ง์ง ๋๋จํด์! ํ์ดํ
! ๐ฅ