TL;DR ๐ฆ
- ๐ ์ธ๋ถ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ means an external shock: a crisis or pressure that comes from outside a system.
- ๐ก๏ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ํ๋ณต๋ ฅ means systemic resilience: a systemโs built-in ability to absorb damage, keep core functions running, and recover.
- ๐งฐ Strong advanced Korean explains the full chain: ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ (shock) โ ์ทจ์ฝ์ฑ (vulnerability) โ ๋ฆฌ์คํฌ ๊ด๋ฆฌ (risk management) โ ์ ์ฐํ ๋์ (flexible response).
๐ง Iru Helper Note โ For long policy phrases like ์ธ๋ถ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ๋ํ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ํ๋ณต๋ ฅ (systemic resilience against external shocks), paste the whole phrase into Korean Helper Widgets and listen twice: once for meaning, once for rhythm. Your ears deserve disaster-prep training too. ๐ฆ
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๐ The Big Picture
This lesson is about how systems survive trouble. A โsystemโ might be an economy, a company, a supply chain, a hospital network, a city, a school system, or a public institution. When something outside that system suddenly causes pressure, Korean often calls it ์ธ๋ถ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ โ an external shock. โก
The advanced phrase ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ํ๋ณต๋ ฅ means resilience built into the structure itself. It is not just โrecovering after a bad day.โ It is the ability to keep important functions running even when a crisis hits. Think emergency plans, backup suppliers, strong safety nets, diversified funding, data-based monitoring, and flexible decision-making. Very โumbrella before the typhoon,โ not โpanic after the roof leaves.โ โ๏ธ
A polished Korean argument usually answers three questions:
- ์ด๋ค ์ธ๋ถ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ด ๋ฐ์ํ๋๊ฐ? (What external shock occurred?) ๐ช๏ธ
- ๊ทธ ์์คํ ์ ์ ์ทจ์ฝํ๊ฐ? (Why is that system vulnerable?) ๐
- ํ๋ณต๋ ฅ์ ๊ฐํํ๋ ค๋ฉด ์ด๋ค ๋์์ด ํ์ํ๊ฐ? (What response is needed to strengthen resilience?) ๐งฐ
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๐จ The Core Systemic Resilience Family
๐ 1. ์ธ๋ถ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ โ external shock
์ธ๋ถ means โexternal,โ and ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ means โshockโ or โimpact.โ Together, ์ธ๋ถ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ describes an outside event that disrupts a system.
Common examples:
- ๊ธ์ต ์๊ธฐ = financial crisis
- ํฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน = pandemic
- ๊ตญ์ ์ ๊ฐ ๊ธ๋ฑ = a sharp rise in international oil prices
- ๊ณต๊ธ๋ง ๋ถ๊ดด = supply chain collapse
- ๊ธฐํ ์ฌ๋ = climate disaster
- ์ง์ ํ์ ๊ฐ๋ฑ = geopolitical conflict
Natural pairings:
- ์ธ๋ถ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ๋ฐ๋ค = to be hit by an external shock
- ์ธ๋ถ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ๋ ธ์ถ๋๋ค = to be exposed to external shocks
- ์ธ๋ถ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ํฅ์ ์ํํ๋ค = to mitigate the effects of external shocks
Example:
- ์ธ๊ณ ๊ฒฝ์ ๋ ํฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน์ด๋ผ๋ ์ธ๋ถ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ๋ฐ์๋ค. (The global economy was hit by the external shock of a pandemic.) ๐
- ์ธ๊ณ ๊ฒฝ์ = global economy; ๋ฐ๋ค here means โto receive/be hit by.โ
๐ก๏ธ 2. ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ํ๋ณต๋ ฅ โ systemic or structural resilience
๊ตฌ์กฐ์ means โstructural,โ and ํ๋ณต๋ ฅ means โresilienceโ or โcapacity to recover.โ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ํ๋ณต๋ ฅ means the system itself has features that help it absorb pressure and recover.
Natural pairings:
- ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ํ๋ณต๋ ฅ์ ๊ฐ์ถ๋ค = to possess systemic resilience
- ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ํ๋ณต๋ ฅ์ ๊ฐํํ๋ค = to strengthen systemic resilience
- ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ํก์ํ๋ค = to absorb a shock
- ํต์ฌ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ ์ ์งํ๋ค = to maintain core functions
- ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ ์ํ๋๋ค = to return to normal quickly
Example:
- ๋ค์ํ ๊ณต๊ธ์ฒ๋ฅผ ํ๋ณดํ ๊ธฐ์ ์ ๊ณต๊ธ๋ง ์๊ธฐ ์์์๋ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ํ๋ณต๋ ฅ์ ๋ณด์๋ค. (A company that secured diverse suppliers showed systemic resilience even during a supply chain crisis.) ๐ญ
- ๋ค์ํ ๊ณต๊ธ์ฒ = diverse suppliers; ํ๋ณดํ๋ค = to secure; ๋ณด์ด๋ค = to show.
๐งฐ 3. ๋ฆฌ์คํฌ ๊ด๋ฆฌ โ risk management
๋ฆฌ์คํฌ ๊ด๋ฆฌ is the process of identifying, reducing, monitoring, and responding to risks before they become disasters. The loanword ๋ฆฌ์คํฌ is common, but formal Korean usually pairs it with clear nouns.
Natural pairings:
- ๋ฆฌ์คํฌ ๊ด๋ฆฌ ์ฒด๊ณ = risk management system
- ๋ฆฌ์คํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ์ฐํ๋ค = to spread out risk
- ๋ฆฌ์คํฌ๋ฅผ ์ต์ํํ๋ค = to minimize risk
- ์ํ ์์ธ์ ์ฌ์ ์ ํ์ ํ๋ค = to identify risk factors in advance
- ๋น์ ๊ณํ์ ์๋ฆฝํ๋ค = to establish an emergency plan
Example:
- ํจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๋ฆฌ์คํฌ ๊ด๋ฆฌ ์ฒด๊ณ๋ ์๊ธฐ ๋ฐ์ ์ ํผํด๋ฅผ ์ค์ธ๋ค. (An effective risk management system reduces damage when a crisis occurs.) ๐
- ํจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ = effective; ์๊ธฐ ๋ฐ์ ์ = when a crisis occurs; ํผํด = damage.
๐งฉ 4. ์ ์ฐ์ฑ โ flexibility
์ ์ฐ์ฑ means the ability to adjust methods, routes, policies, or procedures without losing the main function. In systemic resilience, flexibility helps a system adapt instead of snapping like dry spaghetti. ๐
Natural pairings:
- ์ ์ฐํ๊ฒ ๋์ํ๋ค = to respond flexibly
- ์ํฉ ๋ณํ์ ์ ์ํ๋ค = to adapt to changing circumstances
- ์ด์ ๋ฐฉ์์ ์กฐ์ ํ๋ค = to adjust operating methods
- ๋์์ ๋ง๋ จํ๋ค = to prepare alternatives
- ๊ณต๊ธ๋ง์ ๋ค๋ณํํ๋ค = to diversify a supply chain
Example:
- ๊ณต๊ธ๋ง์ ๋ค๋ณํํ ๊ธฐ์ ์ ์์ฐ ์ฐจ์ง์๋ ์ ์ฐํ๊ฒ ๋์ํ ์ ์๋ค. (A company that diversified its supply chain can respond flexibly even to production disruptions.) ๐
- ์์ฐ ์ฐจ์ง = production disruption; ๋์ํ๋ค = to respond.
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๐ ๏ธ How They Work in a Sentence
Pattern 1: A๋ B๋ผ๋ ์ธ๋ถ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ทจ์ฝํ๋ค โ A is vulnerable to the external shock called B
- ์๋์ง ์์ ์์กด๋๊ฐ ๋์ ๊ตญ๊ฐ๋ ๊ตญ์ ์ ๊ฐ ๊ธ๋ฑ์ด๋ผ๋ ์ธ๋ถ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ทจ์ฝํ๋ค. (A country with high dependence on energy imports is vulnerable to the external shock of a sharp rise in international oil prices.) โฝ
- ์์ ์์กด๋ = import dependence; ์ทจ์ฝํ๋ค = to be vulnerable.
Pattern 2: A์/๋ฅผ ์ํํ๊ธฐ ์ํด์๋ B๊ฐ ํ์ํ๋ค โ B is needed to mitigate A
- ๊ณต๊ธ๋ง ์ทจ์ฝ์ฑ์ ์ํํ๊ธฐ ์ํด์๋ ๊ณต๊ธ์ฒ ๋ค๋ณํ๊ฐ ํ์ํ๋ค. (Supplier diversification is needed to mitigate supply chain vulnerability.) ๐ฆ
- ์ํํ๋ค = to ease or mitigate; ๊ณต๊ธ์ฒ ๋ค๋ณํ = supplier diversification.
Pattern 3: A๋ B์/๋ฅผ ์ ์งํ๊ฒ ํด ์ฃผ๋ ์์์ด๋ค โ A is a factor that helps maintain B
- ๋น์ ๊ณํ์ ์๊ธฐ ์ํฉ์์๋ ํต์ฌ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ ์ ์งํ๊ฒ ํด ์ฃผ๋ ์์์ด๋ค. (An emergency plan is a factor that helps maintain core functions even during a crisis.) ๐จ
- ๋น์ ๊ณํ = emergency plan; ํต์ฌ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ = core function.
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๐งฉ General Formation Rule
This lesson is advanced vocabulary plus argument structure. Build your explanation in this order:
- ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ (shock): identify the external event.
- ์ทจ์ฝ์ฑ (vulnerability): explain why the system is exposed.
- ์์ถฉ ์ฅ์น (buffer): name what absorbs or reduces damage.
- ์ ์ฐํ ๋์ (flexible response): show how the system adapts.
- ํ๋ณต๋ ฅ ๊ฐํ (resilience strengthening): connect the strategy to long-term stability.
Model chain:
- ๋จ์ผ ๊ณต๊ธ๋ง์ ์์กดํ๋ ๊ธฐ์ ์ ๊ตญ์ ๋ฌผ๋ฅ ์ฐจ์ง์ด๋ผ๋ ์ธ๋ถ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ทจ์ฝํ๋ค. ์ด๋ฌํ ์ทจ์ฝ์ฑ์ ์ํํ๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ณต๊ธ์ฒ๋ฅผ ๋ค๋ณํํ๊ณ ๋น์ ์ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ํ๋ณดํด์ผ ํ๋ค. ์ด๋ ์๊ธฐ ์ํฉ์์๋ ์์ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ ์ ์งํ๊ฒ ํด ์ฃผ๋ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ํ๋ณต๋ ฅ์ ์์์ด๋ค. (A company that depends on a single supply chain is vulnerable to the external shock of international logistics disruption. To mitigate this vulnerability, it should diversify suppliers and secure emergency inventory. This is an element of systemic resilience that helps maintain production functions even during a crisis.) ๐ญ
No special irregular conjugation is the star here; precision is. Donโt just say ํ๋ณต๋ ฅ์ด ์ค์ํ๋ค (resilience is important). Say what shock, what vulnerability, and what mechanism. Tiny policy analyst hat: activated. ๐ฉ
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๐ Cross-check note
The vocabulary and collocations in this lesson were cross-checked against Korean policy, economics, institutional-risk, and dictionary-style usage patterns, including National Institute of Korean Language resources at korean.go.kr. โ
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๐ช Synonym Alert
- ํ๋ณต๋ ฅ (resilience, recovery capacity) vs. ํ๋ณต ํ๋ ฅ์ฑ (resilience, often for people, psychology, ecology, or adaptive capacity) ๐ง
- ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ํ๋ณต๋ ฅ sounds more institutional or systemic.
- ๋์ (response) vs. ํ๋ณต๋ ฅ (resilience) ๐จ
- ๋์ is what you do; ํ๋ณต๋ ฅ is the capacity that lets the system endure and recover.
- ์ทจ์ฝ์ฑ (vulnerability) vs. ์ํ (danger/risk) ๐
- ์ทจ์ฝ์ฑ describes a weak point; ์ํ describes a possible harm.
- ์ํํ๋ค (mitigate/ease) vs. ํด๊ฒฐํ๋ค (solve) ๐งฏ
- For complex risks, ์ํํ๋ค is often more realistic and formal than claiming everything is โsolved.โ
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โ ๏ธ Pitfalls to Dodge
- โ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ํ๋ณต๋ ฅ for one personโs exam disappointment โ โ ๊ฐ์ธ์ ํ๋ณต ํ๋ ฅ์ฑ (Use the structural phrase mainly for systems.)
- โ ๋น ๋ฅธ ๋์ = ๋์ ํ๋ณต๋ ฅ โ โ Response is an action; resilience is a capacity that includes absorption, adaptation, and recovery.
- โ ๋ฆฌ์คํฌ๋ฅผ ํ๋ค โ โ ๋ฆฌ์คํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ด๋ฆฌํ๋ค, ๋ฆฌ์คํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ์ฐํ๋ค, ๋ฆฌ์คํฌ๋ฅผ ์ต์ํํ๋ค (Use clear verbs.)
- โ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ํด๊ฒฐํ๋ค โ โ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ํก์ํ๋ค or ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ํฅ์ ์ํํ๋ค (A shock is absorbed or mitigated, not usually โsolved.โ)
- โ Only saying abstract nouns โ โ Connect them to mechanisms: ๊ณต๊ธ๋ง ๋ค๋ณํ, ๋น์ ๊ณํ, ์์ถฉ ์ฅ์น, ๋ฐ์ดํฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ ๊ด๋ฆฌ.
If your sentence can explain what bends without breaking, congratulations: youโve found the resilience. ๐ก๏ธ๐ฑ
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Try this exercise
Complete each sentence with the best Korean expression, then open the Answer toggle. Focus on collocations for shocks, vulnerabilities, risk management, and flexible response.
1. ์ธ๊ณ ๊ฒฝ์ ๋ ํฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน์ด๋ผ๋ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ ๋ฐ์๋ค.
The global economy was hit by the external shock of a pandemic. ๐
Answer
์ธ๋ถ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ โ ์ธ๋ถ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ๋ฐ๋ค means to be hit by an external shock.
2. ๋จ์ผ ๊ณต๊ธ๋ง์ ์์กดํ๋ ๊ธฐ์
์ ์๊ธฐ ์ํฉ์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ๋ค.
A company dependent on a single supply chain is vulnerable in a crisis. ๐ญ
Answer
์ทจ์ฝ โ ์ทจ์ฝํ๋ค means to be vulnerable.
3. ๊ณต๊ธ๋ง์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ๋ฉด ํน์ ์ง์ญ์ ์์ฐ ์ฐจ์ง์๋ ๋์ํ๊ธฐ ์ฝ๋ค.
If the supply chain is diversified, it is easier to respond to production disruptions in a specific region. ๐ฆ
Answer
๋ค๋ณํ โ ๊ณต๊ธ๋ง์ ๋ค๋ณํํ๋ค means to diversify a supply chain.
4. ํจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ฒด๊ณ๋ ์๊ธฐ ๋ฐ์ ์ ํผํด๋ฅผ ์ค์ธ๋ค.
An effective risk management system reduces damage when a crisis occurs. ๐
Answer
๋ฆฌ์คํฌ ๊ด๋ฆฌ โ ๋ฆฌ์คํฌ ๊ด๋ฆฌ ์ฒด๊ณ means risk management system.
5. ๋น์ ๊ณํ์ ์๊ธฐ ์ํฉ์์๋ ํต์ฌ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ๊ฒ ํด ์ค๋ค.
An emergency plan helps maintain core functions even during a crisis. ๐จ
Answer
์ ์ง โ ํต์ฌ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ ์ ์งํ๋ค means to maintain core functions.
6. ์ ๋ถ๋ ๋ฌผ๊ฐ ์์น์ ์ํฅ์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ๊ธฐ ์ํ ๋์ฑ
์ ๋ฐํํ๋ค.
The government announced measures to mitigate the effects of rising prices. ๐งพ
Answer
์ํ โ ์ํฅ์ ์ํํ๋ค means to mitigate effects.
7. ์ ์ฐํ ์กฐ์ง์ ์ํฉ ๋ณํ์ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ๋ค.
A flexible organization adapts quickly to changing circumstances. ๐งฉ
Answer
์ ์ โ ์ํฉ ๋ณํ์ ์ ์ํ๋ค means to adapt to changing circumstances.
8. ๊ธ์ต ์์คํ
์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ํ๋ณต๋ ฅ์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํด์ผ ํ๋ค.
The systemic resilience of the financial system must be strengthened. ๐ฆ
Answer
๊ฐํ โ ํ๋ณต๋ ฅ์ ๊ฐํํ๋ค means to strengthen resilience.
9. ์ทจ์ฝ์ฑ์ ์ค์ด๊ธฐ ์ํด ์ํ ์์ธ์ ์ฌ์ ์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํด์ผ ํ๋ค.
To reduce vulnerability, risk factors should be identified in advance. ๐
Answer
ํ์
โ ์ํ ์์ธ์ ํ์
ํ๋ค means to identify risk factors.
10. ์์ถฉ ์ฅ์น๋ ์ธ๋ถ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ๋ ์ญํ ์ ํ๋ค.
A buffer plays the role of absorbing external shocks. ๐งฏ
Answer
ํก์ โ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ํก์ํ๋ค means to absorb a shock.
Vocabulary Box
- ์ธ๊ณ ๊ฒฝ์ โ global economy
- ํฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน โ pandemic
- ์ธ๋ถ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ โ external shock
- ๋จ์ผ ๊ณต๊ธ๋ง โ single supply chain
- ์์กดํ๋ค โ to depend on
- ์ทจ์ฝํ๋ค โ to be vulnerable
- ๋ค๋ณํํ๋ค โ to diversify
- ์์ฐ ์ฐจ์ง โ production disruption
- ๋ฆฌ์คํฌ ๊ด๋ฆฌ โ risk management
- ๋น์ ๊ณํ โ emergency plan
- ํต์ฌ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ โ core function
- ์ ์งํ๋ค โ to maintain
- ์ํํ๋ค โ to mitigate
- ์ ์ํ๋ค โ to adapt
- ๊ฐํํ๋ค โ to strengthen
- ํ์ ํ๋ค โ to identify
- ํก์ํ๋ค โ to absorb
Tip ๐ก Many answers are noun stems because they combine with ํ๋ค: ๊ฐํํ๋ค, ์ํํ๋ค, ํ์
ํ๋ค.
Want more reps? The Practice Hub below stress-tests your resilience vocabulary โ safely, academically, and without actual supply chain chaos. ๐ก๏ธ
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๐ฏ Practice Hub โ Systemic Resilience Against External Shocks
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Welcome to your resilience training ground. Youโll practice describing shocks, weak points, buffers, risk systems, and flexible responses, so your Korean can stay calm even when the economy, supply chain, or policy plan starts juggling flaming pineapples. ๐
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๐ Audio reminder: Use Korean Helper Widgets whenever a long sentence needs a pronunciation check.
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๐ Instructions: Complete each sentence with the best Korean expression, read the finished sentence aloud, then open the Answer toggle. Watch whether the sentence needs a shock word, a vulnerability word, a response mechanism, or a resilience outcome.
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Exercise 1 โ Shock Vocabulary ๐
A. ๊ตญ์ ์ ๊ฐ ๊ธ๋ฑ์ ์๋์ง ์์
๊ตญ์ ํฐ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ผ๋ก ์์ฉํ๋ค.
A sharp rise in international oil prices acted as a major external shock for energy-importing countries. โฝ
Answer
์ธ๋ถ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ โ The shock comes from outside the national energy system.
B. ํฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน์ ์๋ฃ ์ฒด๊ณ์ ์ทจ์ฝ์ฑ์ ๋๋ฌ๋ธ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด์๋ค.
The pandemic was an external shock that revealed the vulnerability of the medical system. ๐ฅ
Answer
์ธ๋ถ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ โ ๋๋ฌ๋ด๋ค means to reveal.
C. ๊ธฐํ ์ฌ๋์ ๋์
์์ฐ์ ์ง์ ์ ์ธ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ ์ค ์ ์๋ค.
Climate disasters can give a direct shock to agricultural production. ๐พ
Answer
์ถฉ๊ฒฉ โ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ฃผ๋ค means to give/cause a shock.
D. ์ง์ ํ์ ๊ฐ๋ฑ์ ๋ฌด์ญ ํ๋ฆ์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ํฌ ์ ์๋ค.
Geopolitical conflict can disrupt trade flows. ๐ข
Answer
๊ต๋ โ ๊ต๋์ํค๋ค means to disrupt or disturb a system.
E. ๊ธ์ต ์๊ธฐ๋ ๊ธฐ์
์ ์๊ธ ์กฐ๋ฌ ๋ฅ๋ ฅ์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ํจ๋ค.
A financial crisis weakens companiesโ ability to raise funds. ๐ฆ
Answer
์ฝํ โ ๋ฅ๋ ฅ์ ์ฝํ์ํค๋ค means to weaken capacity.
F. ๊ณต๊ธ๋ง ๋ถ๊ดด๋ ์์ฐ ์ผ์ ์ ์ฌ๊ฐํ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ ์ด๋ํ๋ค.
Supply chain collapse caused serious disruption to the production schedule. ๐ญ
Answer
์ฐจ์ง โ ์ฐจ์ง์ ์ด๋ํ๋ค means to cause disruption.
G. ํ์จ ๊ธ๋ณ์ ์์
๋น์ฉ์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ ํ๋ํ ์ ์๋ค.
A sudden exchange-rate change can increase the volatility of import costs. ๐ฑ
Answer
๋ณ๋์ฑ โ ๋ณ๋์ฑ means volatility.
H. ์์ํ์ง ๋ชปํ ์์ฐ์ฌํด๋ ์ง์ญ ์ฌํ์ ์์ ๋ง์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ๋ค.
An unexpected natural disaster tests a local communityโs safety net. ๐ง๏ธ
Answer
์ํ โ ์ํํ๋ค can mean to test capacity or limits.
I. ์์์ฌ ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ ์์น์ ์ ์กฐ์
์ ๋น์ฉ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์๋ฐ์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Rising raw material prices put pressure on manufacturing cost structures. ๐งฑ
Answer
๊ฐํ๋ค โ ์๋ฐ์ ๊ฐํ๋ค means to apply pressure.
J. ์ธ๋ถ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ํฅ์ ์ค์ด๋ ค๋ฉด ์ฌ์ ๋๋น๊ฐ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ๋ค.
Preparation in advance is essential to reduce the effects of external shocks. ๐งฐ
Answer
ํ์์ โ ํ์์ ์ด๋ค means to be essential.
Vocabulary Box
- ๊ตญ์ ์ ๊ฐ ๊ธ๋ฑ โ sharp rise in international oil prices
- ์๋์ง ์์ ๊ตญ โ energy-importing country
- ์ธ๋ถ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ โ external shock
- ํฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน โ pandemic
- ์๋ฃ ์ฒด๊ณ โ medical system
- ๊ธฐํ ์ฌ๋ โ climate disaster
- ๋์ ์์ฐ โ agricultural production
- ์ง์ ํ์ ๊ฐ๋ฑ โ geopolitical conflict
- ๋ฌด์ญ ํ๋ฆ โ trade flow
- ๊ต๋์ํค๋ค โ to disrupt
- ๊ธ์ต ์๊ธฐ โ financial crisis
- ์ฝํ์ํค๋ค โ to weaken
- ๊ณต๊ธ๋ง ๋ถ๊ดด โ supply chain collapse
- ์ฐจ์ง โ disruption
- ๋ณ๋์ฑ โ volatility
- ์์ ๋ง โ safety net
- ์๋ฐ์ ๊ฐํ๋ค โ to apply pressure
- ํ์์ ์ด๋ค โ to be essential
Tip ๐ก External shocks often โhit,โ โdisrupt,โ โweaken,โ โreveal,โ or โput pressure onโ a system.
Exercise 2 โ Vulnerability + Buffers ๐
A. ๋จ์ผ ๊ณต๊ธ์ฒ์ ์์กดํ๋ฉด ๊ณต๊ธ๋ง ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ์ปค์ง๋ค.
If a company depends on one supplier, supply chain vulnerability grows. ๐ฆ
Answer
์ทจ์ฝ์ฑ โ ์ทจ์ฝ์ฑ์ด ์ปค์ง๋ค means vulnerability grows.
B. ๋น์ ์ฌ๊ณ ๋ ์์ฐ ์ฐจ์ง์ ์ค์ด๋ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ฅ์น๊ฐ ๋ ์ ์๋ค.
Emergency inventory can become a buffer that reduces production disruption. ๐งฐ
Answer
์์ถฉ โ ์์ถฉ ์ฅ์น means buffer.
C. ์๋์ง ๊ณต๊ธ์์ ๋ค๋ณํํ๋ฉด ์์
์์กด๋๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ ์๋ค.
If energy sources are diversified, import dependence can be lowered. ๐
Answer
๋ฎ์ถ โ ์์กด๋๋ฅผ ๋ฎ์ถ๋ค means to lower dependence.
D. ์ทจ์ฝ์ฑ์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ๊ธฐ ์ํด์๋ ์ํ ์์ธ์ ๋จผ์ ํ์
ํด์ผ ํ๋ค.
To mitigate vulnerability, risk factors must first be identified. ๐
Answer
์ํ โ ์ทจ์ฝ์ฑ์ ์ํํ๋ค means to mitigate vulnerability.
E. ์ฌํ ์์ ๋ง์ ์๊ธฐ ์ํฉ์์ ํผํด๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ๋ ์ญํ ์ ํ๋ค.
A social safety net plays the role of reducing damage during a crisis. ๐ธ๏ธ
Answer
์ค์ด๋ โ ํผํด๋ฅผ ์ค์ด๋ค means to reduce damage.
F. ์ฌ์ ์ฌ๋ ฅ์ด ๋ถ์กฑํ๋ฉด ๊ณต๊ณต ๊ธฐ๊ด์ ๋์ ๋ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ ์ ์๋ค.
If fiscal capacity is insufficient, a public institutionโs response capacity may weaken. ๐๏ธ
Answer
์ฝํ โ ๋์ ๋ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์ฝํ๋๋ค means response capacity weakens.
G. ๋ฐ์ดํฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ ๊ฐ์๋ ์ํ ์ ํธ๋ฅผ ์กฐ๊ธฐ์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ๊ฒ ํด ์ค๋ค.
Data-based monitoring makes it possible to detect warning signs early. ๐ก
Answer
๊ฐ์ง โ ์ํ ์ ํธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์งํ๋ค means to detect warning signs.
H. ์ฌ๋ฌ ์ด์ก ๊ฒฝ๋ก๋ฅผ ํ๋ณดํ๋ฉด ๋ฌผ๋ฅ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ ์ค์ผ ์ ์๋ค.
If multiple transport routes are secured, logistics risk can be reduced. ๐
Answer
๋ฆฌ์คํฌ โ ๋ฌผ๋ฅ ๋ฆฌ์คํฌ means logistics risk.
I. ์์ถฉ ์ฅ์น๊ฐ ์์ผ๋ฉด ์์ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ๋ ํฐ ํผํด๋ก ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ ์ ์๋ค.
Without a buffer, even a small shock can expand into major damage. ๐งฏ
Answer
ํ๋ โ ํผํด๋ก ํ๋๋๋ค means to expand into damage.
J. ์ทจ์ฝํ ์์คํ
์ ์ธ๋ถ ๋ณํ์ ์ฝ๊ฒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋๋ค.
A vulnerable system is easily exposed to external change. ๐ฌ๏ธ
Answer
๋
ธ์ถ โ ์ธ๋ถ ๋ณํ์ ๋
ธ์ถ๋๋ค means to be exposed to external change.
Vocabulary Box
- ๋จ์ผ ๊ณต๊ธ์ฒ โ single supplier
- ์์กดํ๋ค โ to depend on
- ์ทจ์ฝ์ฑ โ vulnerability
- ๋น์ ์ฌ๊ณ โ emergency inventory
- ์์ถฉ ์ฅ์น โ buffer
- ์๋์ง ๊ณต๊ธ์ โ energy source
- ์์ ์์กด๋ โ import dependence
- ๋ฎ์ถ๋ค โ to lower
- ์ํํ๋ค โ to mitigate
- ์ํ ์์ธ โ risk factor
- ์ฌํ ์์ ๋ง โ social safety net
- ์ฌ์ ์ฌ๋ ฅ โ fiscal capacity
- ๋์ ๋ฅ๋ ฅ โ response capacity
- ๊ฐ์งํ๋ค โ to detect
- ๋ฌผ๋ฅ ๋ฆฌ์คํฌ โ logistics risk
- ํ๋๋๋ค โ to expand
- ๋ ธ์ถ๋๋ค โ to be exposed
Tip ๐ก Vulnerability sentences often use ์ทจ์ฝํ๋ค, ๋
ธ์ถ๋๋ค, ์ํํ๋ค, and ์์ถฉ ์ฅ์น.
Exercise 3 โ Risk Management Systems ๐งฐ
A. ๊ธฐ์
์ ํ์จ ๋ณ๋์ ๋๋นํด ๋ฆฌ์คํฌ ๊ด๋ฆฌ ์ฒด๊ณ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ๋ค.
The company established a risk management system to prepare for exchange-rate fluctuations. ๐ฑ
Answer
๊ตฌ์ถ โ ์ฒด๊ณ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถํ๋ค means to establish a system.
B. ๊ณต๊ณต ๊ธฐ๊ด์ ์ฌ๋ ๋์ ๋งค๋ด์ผ์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํด์ผ ํ๋ค.
Public institutions should prepare disaster response manuals. ๐
Answer
๋ง๋ จ โ ๋งค๋ด์ผ์ ๋ง๋ จํ๋ค means to prepare a manual.
C. ์ํ ์์ธ์ ์ฌ์ ์ ํ์
ํ๋ฉด ํผํด๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ ์ ์๋ค.
If risk factors are identified in advance, damage can be minimized. ๐
Answer
์ต์ํ โ ํผํด๋ฅผ ์ต์ํํ๋ค means to minimize damage.
D. ๋ฆฌ์คํฌ๋ฅผ ํ ๊ณณ์ ์ง์ค์ํค์ง ์๊ณ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ๋ ์ ๋ต์ด ํ์ํ๋ค.
A strategy that spreads risk instead of concentrating it in one place is needed. ๐งบ
Answer
๋ถ์ฐ โ ๋ฆฌ์คํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ์ฐํ๋ค means to spread out risk.
E. ๋น์ ๊ณํ์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ๋ฉด ์๊ธฐ ์ํฉ์์ ํผ๋์ ์ค์ผ ์ ์๋ค.
If an emergency plan is established, confusion can be reduced during a crisis. ๐จ
Answer
์๋ฆฝ โ ๊ณํ์ ์๋ฆฝํ๋ค means to establish a plan.
F. ์ ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์ ๊ฒ์ ์์คํ
์ ์ฝ์ ์ ์กฐ๊ธฐ์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ๋ค.
Regular inspection discovers a systemโs weaknesses early. ๐ง
Answer
๋ฐ๊ฒฌ โ ์ฝ์ ์ ๋ฐ๊ฒฌํ๋ค means to discover weaknesses.
G. ๋ฐ์ดํฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ ๊ด๋ฆฌ๋ ์๊ธฐ ์์ธก์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ ๋์ธ๋ค.
Data-based management improves the accuracy of crisis prediction. ๐
Answer
์ ํ์ฑ โ ์ ํ์ฑ means accuracy.
H. ์ฑ
์์ด ๋ถ๋ถ๋ช
ํ๋ฉด ์๊ธฐ ๋์ ๊ณผ์ ์์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ์ปค์ง๋ค.
If responsibility is unclear, confusion grows during crisis response. ๐ซ๏ธ
Answer
ํผ๋ โ ํผ๋์ด ์ปค์ง๋ค means confusion increases.
I. ์๊ธฐ ๋์ ํ๋ จ์ ์กฐ์ง์ ๋์ ์ญ๋์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ๋ค.
Crisis response training strengthens an organizationโs response capacity. ๐๏ธ
Answer
๊ฐํ โ ๋์ ์ญ๋์ ๊ฐํํ๋ค means to strengthen response capacity.
J. ๋ฆฌ์คํฌ ๊ด๋ฆฌ์ ๋ชฉํ๋ ์ํ์ ์์ ํ ์์ ๋ ๊ฒ์ด ์๋๋ผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ๋ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค.
The goal of risk management is not to remove risk completely but to manage it. ๐ง
Answer
๊ด๋ฆฌ โ Some risks cannot be erased; they must be managed.
Vocabulary Box
- ํ์จ ๋ณ๋ โ exchange-rate fluctuation
- ๋ฆฌ์คํฌ ๊ด๋ฆฌ ์ฒด๊ณ โ risk management system
- ๊ตฌ์ถํ๋ค โ to establish/build
- ๊ณต๊ณต ๊ธฐ๊ด โ public institution
- ์ฌ๋ ๋์ ๋งค๋ด์ผ โ disaster response manual
- ๋ง๋ จํ๋ค โ to prepare
- ์ต์ํํ๋ค โ to minimize
- ๋ถ์ฐํ๋ค โ to spread out
- ๊ณํ์ ์๋ฆฝํ๋ค โ to establish a plan
- ์ ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์ ๊ฒ โ regular inspection
- ์ฝ์ โ weakness
- ์ ํ์ฑ โ accuracy
- ํผ๋ โ confusion
- ์๊ธฐ ๋์ ํ๋ จ โ crisis response training
- ๋์ ์ญ๋ โ response capacity
- ๊ด๋ฆฌํ๋ค โ to manage
Tip ๐ก Risk management is preparation plus coordination: identify, plan, inspect, train, and manage.
Exercise 4 โ Flexible Response + Recovery ๐งฉ
A. ์ ์ฐํ ์กฐ์ง์ ์์ ๋ฐ์ ๋ณํ์๋ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ ์ ์๋ค.
A flexible organization can respond quickly even to unexpected changes. ๐งฉ
Answer
๋์ โ ๋ณํ์ ๋์ํ๋ค means to respond to change.
B. ์ด์ ๋ฐฉ์์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ๋ฉด ์๊ธฐ ์์์๋ ์๋น์ค๋ฅผ ์ ์งํ ์ ์๋ค.
If operating methods are adjusted, services can be maintained even during a crisis. ๐ ๏ธ
Answer
์กฐ์ โ ์ด์ ๋ฐฉ์์ ์กฐ์ ํ๋ค means to adjust operating methods.
C. ๋์์ ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ ์กฐ์ง์ ๊ฐ์์ค๋ฌ์ด ๋ณํ์ ๊ฐํ๋ค.
An organization that prepares alternatives in advance is strong against sudden change. ๐งฐ
Answer
๋ง๋ จ โ ๋์์ ๋ง๋ จํ๋ค means to prepare alternatives.
D. ์๊ธฐ ์ดํ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋๋ ๋ฅ๋ ฅ๋ ํ๋ณต๋ ฅ์ ์ผ๋ถ์ด๋ค.
The ability to return to normal quickly after a crisis is also part of resilience. ๐
Answer
์ ์ํ โ ์ ์ํ๋๋ค means to return to normal.
E. ํต์ฌ ์๋น์ค๋ฅผ ์ ์งํ๋ฉด ์ฌํ์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ ์ค์ผ ์ ์๋ค.
If core services are maintained, social confusion can be reduced. ๐ฅ
Answer
ํผ๋ โ ์ฌํ์ ํผ๋ means social confusion.
F. ๊ณต๊ธ์ฒ๋ฅผ ์ฌ๋ฌ ์ง์ญ์ผ๋ก ๋๋๋ฉด ํน์ ์ง์ญ ๋ฆฌ์คํฌ์ ๋ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋๋ค.
If suppliers are spread across multiple regions, the company is less exposed to risk in one region. ๐บ๏ธ
Answer
๋
ธ์ถ โ ๋ฆฌ์คํฌ์ ๋
ธ์ถ๋๋ค means to be exposed to risk.
G. ํ๋ณต๋ ฅ์ด ๋์ ์์คํ
์ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ํก์ํ ๋ค ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ๋ค.
A highly resilient system maintains function after absorbing a shock. ๐ก๏ธ
Answer
์ ์ง โ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ ์ ์งํ๋ค means to maintain function.
H. ์ง์ญ ์ฌํ๋ ์์๋ด์ฌ ๋คํธ์ํฌ๋ฅผ ํตํด ๋์ ๋ฅ๋ ฅ์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ๋ค.
The local community strengthened response capacity through a volunteer network. ๐ค
Answer
๊ฐํ โ ๋ฅ๋ ฅ์ ๊ฐํํ๋ค means to strengthen capacity.
I. ์ ์ฑ
์ ์ ์ฐ์ฑ์ ์์ธกํ๊ธฐ ์ด๋ ค์ด ์ํฉ์์ ํนํ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ๋ค.
Policy flexibility is especially important in unpredictable situations. ๐ซ๏ธ
Answer
์ค์ โ ์ค์ํ๋ค means to be important.
J. ์ฅ๊ธฐ์ ํ๋ณต๋ ฅ์ ๋จ๊ธฐ์ ๋์๋ณด๋ค ๋ ๋์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋ค.
Long-term resilience is a broader concept than short-term response. ๐ง
Answer
๊ฐ๋
โ ๊ฐ๋
means concept.
Vocabulary Box
- ์ ์ฐํ ์กฐ์ง โ flexible organization
- ์์ ๋ฐ์ ๋ณํ โ unexpected change
- ๋์ํ๋ค โ to respond
- ์ด์ ๋ฐฉ์ โ operating method
- ์กฐ์ ํ๋ค โ to adjust
- ๋์ โ alternative
- ๋ง๋ จํ๋ค โ to prepare
- ์ ์ํ๋๋ค โ to return to normal
- ํต์ฌ ์๋น์ค โ core service
- ์ฌํ์ ํผ๋ โ social confusion
- ์ฌ๋ฌ ์ง์ญ โ multiple regions
- ๋ฆฌ์คํฌ์ ๋ ธ์ถ๋๋ค โ to be exposed to risk
- ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ ์ ์งํ๋ค โ to maintain function
- ์์๋ด์ฌ ๋คํธ์ํฌ โ volunteer network
- ์ค์ํ๋ค โ to be important
- ๊ฐ๋ โ concept
Tip ๐ก Flexibility is about changing the method while preserving the main function.
Exercise 5 โ Mixed Mastery + Pitfall Patrol ๐ก๏ธ
A. โ ๊ทธ๋ ์ํ์ ๋จ์ด์ก์ง๋ง ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ํ๋ณต๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฐํ๋ค. โ โ
๊ทธ๋ ์ํ์ ๋จ์ด์ก์ง๋ง ๊ฐ์ธ์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ๊ฐํ๋ค.
For a person, use personal resilience rather than structural resilience. ๐ง
Answer
ํ๋ณต ํ๋ ฅ์ฑ โ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ํ๋ณต๋ ฅ is mainly for systems.
B. โ ๋ฆฌ์คํฌ๋ฅผ ํ๋ค โ โ
๋ฆฌ์คํฌ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ๋ค
Use a clear verb with risk. ๐
Answer
๊ด๋ฆฌ โ Natural collocation: ๋ฆฌ์คํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ด๋ฆฌํ๋ค.
C. โ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ํด๊ฒฐํ๋ค โ โ
์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ๋ค
Use the natural verb for absorbing a shock. ๐งฏ
Answer
ํก์ โ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ํก์ํ๋ค is the correct collocation.
D. ๋น ๋ฅธ ๋์์ ์ค์ํ์ง๋ง ์ฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ผ๋ก๋ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ํ๋ณต๋ ฅ์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํด์ผ ํ๋ค.
Quick response is important, but systemic resilience must be strengthened long-term. ๐ก๏ธ
Answer
๊ฐํ โ ํ๋ณต๋ ฅ์ ๊ฐํํ๋ค means to strengthen resilience.
E. ๋จ์ผ ๊ณต๊ธ๋ง ์์กด์ ์ธ๋ถ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ๋ํ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ ๋์ธ๋ค.
Dependence on a single supply chain increases vulnerability to external shocks. ๐
Answer
์ทจ์ฝ์ฑ โ A weak point is ์ทจ์ฝ์ฑ.
F. ๊ณต๊ธ๋ง ๋ค๋ณํ๋ ๋ฆฌ์คํฌ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ๋ ์ ๋ต์ด๋ค.
Supply chain diversification is a strategy for spreading risk. ๐ฆ
Answer
๋ถ์ฐ โ ๋ฆฌ์คํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ์ฐํ๋ค means to spread out risk.
G. ๋น์ ๊ณํ๊ณผ ์์ถฉ ์ฅ์น๋ ํผํด๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ๋ ๋ฐ ๋์์ด ๋๋ค.
Emergency plans and buffers help mitigate damage. ๐จ
Answer
์ํ โ ํผํด๋ฅผ ์ํํ๋ค means to mitigate damage.
H. ๋ฐ์ดํฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ ๊ด๋ฆฌ๋ ์ํ ์ ํธ๋ฅผ ์กฐ๊ธฐ์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ๊ฒ ํ๋ค.
Data-based management allows warning signs to be detected early. ๐ก
Answer
๊ฐ์ง โ ์ํ ์ ํธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์งํ๋ค means to detect warning signs.
I. ์ ์ฐํ ๋์์ ์๊ธฐ ์์์๋ ํต์ฌ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ๊ฒ ํด ์ค๋ค.
Flexible response helps maintain core functions during a crisis. ๐งฉ
Answer
์ ์ง โ ํต์ฌ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ ์ ์งํ๋ค is the key phrase.
J. ์ธ๋ถ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ, ์ทจ์ฝ์ฑ, ์์ถฉ ์ฅ์น, ์ ์ฐ์ฑ์ ๋ชจ๋ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ํ๋ณต๋ ฅ์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋ค.
External shocks, vulnerability, buffers, and flexibility are all elements of systemic resilience. ๐ง
Answer
์์ โ ์์ means element or factor.
Vocabulary Box
- ํ๋ณต ํ๋ ฅ์ฑ โ personal/adaptive resilience
- ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ํ๋ณต๋ ฅ โ systemic resilience
- ๋ฆฌ์คํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ด๋ฆฌํ๋ค โ to manage risk
- ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ํก์ํ๋ค โ to absorb a shock
- ๋น ๋ฅธ ๋์ โ quick response
- ๊ฐํํ๋ค โ to strengthen
- ๋จ์ผ ๊ณต๊ธ๋ง ์์กด โ dependence on a single supply chain
- ์ทจ์ฝ์ฑ โ vulnerability
- ๊ณต๊ธ๋ง ๋ค๋ณํ โ supply chain diversification
- ๋ฆฌ์คํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ์ฐํ๋ค โ to spread out risk
- ๋น์ ๊ณํ โ emergency plan
- ์์ถฉ ์ฅ์น โ buffer
- ๊ฐ์งํ๋ค โ to detect
- ์ ์ฐํ ๋์ โ flexible response
- ์์ โ element
Tip ๐ก Pitfall patrol: donโt confuse peopleโs emotional resilience, immediate response, and systemic resilience.
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๐งญ Reference Hub
- ์ธ๋ถ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ๋ ธ์ถ๋๋ค โ to be exposed to an external shock
- ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ํ๋ณต๋ ฅ์ ๊ฐํํ๋ค โ to strengthen systemic resilience
- ์ทจ์ฝ์ฑ์ ์ํํ๋ค โ to mitigate vulnerability
- ๋ฆฌ์คํฌ ๊ด๋ฆฌ ์ฒด๊ณ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถํ๋ค โ to establish a risk management system
- ๊ณต๊ธ๋ง์ ๋ค๋ณํํ๋ค โ to diversify a supply chain
- ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ํก์ํ๊ณ ํต์ฌ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ ์ ์งํ๋ค โ to absorb a shock and maintain core functions
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๐ You made it through the resilience stress test. Your Korean can now explain why strong systems donโt just โbounce backโ โ they prepare, absorb, adapt, and keep the lights on. ๐ก๏ธ๐ก