๐ŸŒฟ

The Resilience of Natural Ecosystems

Agent Progress
Built
Keywords
์ž์—ฐ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์˜ ํšŒ๋ณต ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ / ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™” / ์ž์ • ์ž‘์šฉ / ๋ณด์กด
Lesson #
S
Done
Section
Advanced Vocabulary
๐ŸŒฟ
TL;DR ๐Ÿฆ„
  • ๐ŸŒณ ์ž์—ฐ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์˜ ํšŒ๋ณต ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ (the resilience of natural ecosystems) means an ecosystemโ€™s ability to absorb disturbance, keep key functions, and recover after stress.
  • ๐ŸŒง๏ธ The core vocabulary family includes ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™” (climate change), ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๊ต๋ž€ (ecosystem disturbance), ์ž์ • ์ž‘์šฉ (self-purification), and ๋ณด์กด (conservation).
  • ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ Strong advanced answers explain both resilience and limits: ecosystems can recover, but only if damage does not exceed ecological thresholds.
๐ŸŽง
๐ŸŽง Iru Helper Note
Type any Korean word or sentence from this lesson into
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
to hear it read aloud. Long phrases like ์ž์—ฐ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์˜ ํšŒ๋ณต ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ (the resilience of natural ecosystems) and ์ž์ • ์ž‘์šฉ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ (the limits of self-purification) are excellent listening practice. ๐Ÿฆ

๐ŸŒˆ The Big Picture

์ž์—ฐ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ means โ€œnatural ecosystemโ€: forests, rivers, wetlands, oceans, grasslands, and the living relationships inside them. ํšŒ๋ณต ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ means โ€œresilience,โ€ or the ability to absorb a shock and return to a functioning state. Together, ์ž์—ฐ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์˜ ํšŒ๋ณต ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ describes how well nature can endure disturbance and recover. ๐ŸŒฒ
A resilient ecosystem does not avoid every problem. A forest can experience drought, pests, or fire; a wetland can receive pollutants; a coral reef can suffer temperature stress. The question is whether the system still has enough ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ (biodiversity), ์„œ์‹์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ (habitat connectivity), and ์ž์ • ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ (self-purification capacity) to regain balance. ๐Ÿ
This topic is different from a general โ€œenvironmental protectionโ€ lesson. Here, the focus is the mechanism of recovery: disturbance enters, ecological functions respond, damage may be buffered, and the ecosystem either recovers or crosses a dangerous threshold. โš–๏ธ

๐ŸŽจ The Core Ecosystem Resilience Family

๐ŸŒฟ 1. ํšŒ๋ณต ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ โ€” resilience

ํšŒ๋ณต means โ€œrecovery,โ€ and ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ means โ€œelasticity/resilience.โ€ In ecology, ํšŒ๋ณต ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ is the capacity of an ecosystem to absorb disturbance and continue functioning.
Natural pairings:
  • ํšŒ๋ณต ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’๋‹ค โ†’ to have high resilience
  • ํšŒ๋ณต ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to strengthen resilience
  • ํšŒ๋ณต ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์ด ์ €ํ•˜๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ resilience declines

๐ŸŒง๏ธ 2. ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™” โ€” climate change

๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™” is a long-term pressure, not a single weather event. It can intensify droughts, floods, heat waves, wildfire risk, sea temperature rise, and species migration.
Natural pairings:
  • ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌํ™”๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ climate change intensifies
  • ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์ ์‘ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to adapt to climate change
  • ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ต๋ž€ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ climate change disturbs ecosystems

๐Ÿงช 3. ์ž์ • ์ž‘์šฉ โ€” self-purification

์ž์ • ์ž‘์šฉ means the natural self-cleaning or self-regulating function of water, soil, wetlands, and forests. For example, a stream may break down a limited amount of pollution naturally.
Natural pairings:
  • ์ž์ • ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to perform self-purification
  • ์ž์ • ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์•ฝํ™”๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ self-purification capacity weakens
  • ์ž์ • ์ž‘์šฉ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋„˜๋‹ค โ†’ to exceed the limits of self-purification

๐ŸฆŒ 4. ์„œ์‹์ง€ ๋ณด์กด โ€” habitat conservation

์„œ์‹์ง€ means โ€œhabitat,โ€ and ๋ณด์กด means โ€œpreservation/conservation.โ€ ์„œ์‹์ง€ ๋ณด์กด protects the places where species live, move, feed, and reproduce.
Natural pairings:
  • ์„œ์‹์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์กดํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to conserve a habitat
  • ์„œ์‹์ง€ ๋‹จ์ ˆ์„ ๋ง‰๋‹ค โ†’ to prevent habitat fragmentation
  • ์„œ์‹์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๋‹ค โ†’ to increase habitat connectivity

๐Ÿงฌ 5. ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ โ€” biodiversity

์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ means the variety of species and ecological relationships. High biodiversity often increases resilience because different species can perform overlapping ecological roles.
Natural pairings:
  • ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to maintain biodiversity
  • ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ biodiversity decreases
  • ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์ „ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to conserve biodiversity

๐Ÿ› ๏ธ How They Work in a Sentence

Pattern 1 โ€” Explain the mechanism ๐ŸŒŠ

์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ์Šต์ง€๋Š” ์˜ค์—ผ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„ํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์ • ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
A wetland with high biodiversity can maintain ecological balance through self-purification that absorbs and breaks down pollutants. ๐Ÿ’ง
Notes: ์Šต์ง€ = wetland; ์˜ค์—ผ ๋ฌผ์งˆ = pollutant; ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋‹ค = to absorb; ๋ถ„ํ•ดํ•˜๋‹ค = to break down.

Pattern 2 โ€” Show pressure and decline ๐Ÿ”ฅ

๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌํ™”๋˜๋ฉด ๊ฐ€๋ญ„๊ณผ ์‚ฐ๋ถˆ์ด ์žฆ์•„์ ธ ์ˆฒ์˜ ํšŒ๋ณต ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์ด ์ €ํ•˜๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If climate change intensifies, droughts and wildfires can become more frequent, weakening forest resilience. ๐ŸŒฒ
Notes: ์‹ฌํ™”๋˜๋‹ค = to intensify; ๊ฐ€๋ญ„ = drought; ์‚ฐ๋ถˆ = wildfire; ์ €ํ•˜๋˜๋‹ค = to decline.

Pattern 3 โ€” Add a conservation solution ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ

๋ฉธ์ข… ์œ„๊ธฐ์ข…์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์ข…์˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์„œ์‹์ง€ ๋ณด์กด๊ณผ ์ƒํƒœ ํ†ต๋กœ ์กฐ์„ฑ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
To protect endangered species, habitat conservation and ecological corridors are needed, not only management of individual species. ๐Ÿพ
Notes: ๋ฉธ์ข… ์œ„๊ธฐ์ข… = endangered species; ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์ข… = individual species; ์ƒํƒœ ํ†ต๋กœ = ecological corridor; ์กฐ์„ฑ = creation/development.

๐Ÿงฉ General Formation Rule

For advanced environmental vocabulary, use cause โ†’ ecological response โ†’ result โ†’ solution:
  • Cause: A๋กœ ์ธํ•ด B๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌํ™”๋˜๋‹ค
    • ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋ญ„์ด ์‹ฌํ™”๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ Drought intensifies due to climate change.
  • Response: ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ C์„/๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋‹ค
    • ์Šต์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ž์ • ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ The wetland maintains balance through self-purification.
  • Result: D์ด/๊ฐ€ ์•ฝํ™”๋˜๋‹ค / ์ €ํ•˜๋˜๋‹ค / ํšŒ๋ณต๋˜๋‹ค
    • ํšŒ๋ณต ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์ด ์ €ํ•˜๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ Resilience declines.
  • Solution: E์„/๋ฅผ ๋ณด์กดํ•˜๋‹ค / ๋ณต์›ํ•˜๋‹ค / ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค
    • ์„œ์‹์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์กดํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ Conserve habitats and strengthen biodiversity.
No irregular conjugation is central here. The main skill is pairing abstract nouns with precise verbs: ํšŒ๋ณต ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค, ์ž์ • ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์•ฝํ™”๋˜๋‹ค, ์„œ์‹์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์กดํ•˜๋‹ค, and ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ“š Cross-check note

The core vocabulary, spelling, and dictionary-form verbs in this lesson were checked against ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ๊ตญ์–ด์› / Korean.go.kr language resources and standard Korean environmental usage. โœ…

๐Ÿชž Synonym Alert

  • ํšŒ๋ณต ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ (resilience) โ†’ formal; emphasizes absorbing shock, adapting, and recovering function.
  • ๋ณต์›๋ ฅ (restorative capacity) โ†’ overlaps with resilience; often emphasizes returning to a stable state after damage.
  • ์ž์ • ์ž‘์šฉ (self-purification) โ†’ a natural cleaning/regulating process; narrower than overall resilience.
  • ๋ณด์กด (preservation/conservation) โ†’ protecting what remains.
  • ๋ณต์› (restoration) โ†’ repairing what has already been damaged.
  • ๋ณด์ „ (conservation, often formal/ecological) โ†’ maintaining ecological value over time.

โš ๏ธ Pitfalls to Dodge

  • โŒ ํšŒ๋ณต ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ = only โ€œrecoveryโ€ โ†’ โœ… It includes resistance, adaptation, continued function, and recovery.
  • โŒ ์ž์ • ์ž‘์šฉ is unlimited โ†’ โœ… It has limits; excessive pollution can overwhelm it.
  • โŒ ๋ณด์กด and ๋ณต์› are identical โ†’ โœ… ๋ณด์กด protects what remains; ๋ณต์› repairs what was damaged.
  • โŒ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™” is one sudden event โ†’ โœ… It is a long-term pressure that changes many ecological conditions.
  • โŒ A green-looking area is automatically resilient โ†’ โœ… True resilience depends on biodiversity, habitat connectivity, soil health, water quality, and ecological function.
๐ŸŒฑ Resilient ecosystems are not magic rubber bands; they are living networks with limits, buffers, and recovery pathways. Learn those links, and your environmental Korean gets beautifully sturdy. ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ

Try this exercise

Practice the core vocabulary of ecosystem resilience. Complete each Korean sentence, say the full sentence aloud, then open the Answer toggle to check the meaning and usage.
1. ์ž์—ฐ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ฒฌ๋””๊ณ  ํšŒ๋ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค.
The ability of a natural ecosystem to withstand external shock and recover is called resilience. ๐ŸŒฟ
Answer
ํšŒ๋ณต ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ โ€” This includes withstanding, adapting, and recovering.
2. ํ•˜์ฒœ์ด ์ผ์ • ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์˜ค์—ผ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ •ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋‹ค.
The function by which a stream naturally cleans a certain level of pollutants is self-purification. ๐Ÿ’ง
Answer
์ž์ • ์ž‘์šฉ โ€” This is a natural cleaning process, not an unlimited superpower.
3. ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ข…์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค.
The state in which diverse species exist together is called biodiversity. ๐Ÿฆ‹
Answer
์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ โ€” Biodiversity often supports ecological stability.
4. ์•„์ง ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆฒ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜์—ฌ ํ›ผ์†์„ ๋ง‰๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์— ๊ฐ€๊น๋‹ค.
Protecting remaining forests to prevent damage is closer to conservation. ๐ŸŒฒ
Answer
๋ณด์กด โ€” ๋ณด์กด protects what still exists.
5. ์ด๋ฏธ ํ›ผ์†๋œ ์Šต์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ๋˜๋Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์— ๊ฐ€๊น๋‹ค.
Returning an already damaged wetland to a healthy state is closer to restoration. ๐Ÿชท
Answer
๋ณต์› โ€” ๋ณต์› repairs what has been damaged.
6. ๊ธฐ์˜จ ์ƒ์Šน๊ณผ ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์— ์••๋ ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋‹ค.
The phenomenon in which rising temperatures and changing rainfall pressure ecosystems long-term is climate change. ๐ŸŒง๏ธ
Answer
๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™” โ€” This is a long-term ecological pressure.
7. ๋„๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์ˆฒ์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ๋™๋ฌผ ์ด๋™์„ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ์„œ์‹์ง€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋‹ค.
The phenomenon in which roads divide forests and make animal movement difficult is habitat fragmentation. ๐Ÿ›ฃ๏ธ
Answer
๋‹จ์ ˆ โ€” ์„œ์‹์ง€ ๋‹จ์ ˆ means habitat fragmentation/disconnection.
8. ์˜ค์—ผ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ๊ณผ๋„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ž…๋˜๋ฉด ์ž์ • ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If excessive pollutants flow in, self-purification capacity can weaken. ๐Ÿงช
Answer
์•ฝํ™” โ€” ์•ฝํ™”๋˜๋‹ค means โ€œto weaken.โ€
9. ์„œ์‹์ง€๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ผ์ƒ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์ด๋™ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ฐ€ ๋„“์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If habitats are connected, wildlife movement range can widen. ๐Ÿพ
Answer
๋ฒ”์œ„ โ€” ์ด๋™ ๋ฒ”์œ„ means movement range.
10. ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ • ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋„˜์œผ๋ฉด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์•ˆ์ •๋˜๊ธฐ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
If an ecosystem crosses a certain threshold, it is difficult to stabilize again. โš–๏ธ
Answer
์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค โ€” The sentence warns that recovery has limits.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ์ž์—ฐ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ โ†’ natural ecosystem
  • ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ โ†’ external shock
  • ํšŒ๋ณต ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ โ†’ resilience
  • ํ•˜์ฒœ โ†’ stream/river
  • ์˜ค์—ผ ๋ฌผ์งˆ โ†’ pollutant
  • ์ž์ • ์ž‘์šฉ โ†’ self-purification
  • ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ โ†’ biodiversity
  • ๋ณด์กด โ†’ conservation/preservation
  • ๋ณต์› โ†’ restoration
  • ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™” โ†’ climate change
  • ์„œ์‹์ง€ ๋‹จ์ ˆ โ†’ habitat fragmentation
  • ์ž์ • ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ โ†’ self-purification capacity
  • ์•ฝํ™”๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to weaken
  • ์ด๋™ ๋ฒ”์œ„ โ†’ movement range
  • ํ•œ๊ณ„ โ†’ limit
Tips ๐Ÿ’ก
  • Use ๋ณด์กด before damage; use ๋ณต์› after damage.
  • Resilience is about function, not just appearance.

๐Ÿš€
Want more reps? Visit the Practice Hub when you're ready! Your ecosystem vocabulary is already putting down roots. ๐ŸŒฑ
๐Ÿ“ฆ
๐ŸŽฏ Practice Hub โ€” The Resilience of Natural Ecosystems
Welcome to your ecosystem resilience field lab. ๐ŸŒณ Youโ€™ll practice how Korean describes disturbance, self-purification, biodiversity, habitat conservation, thresholds, and recovery โ€” basically natureโ€™s โ€œbend, donโ€™t breakโ€ grammar, but with fewer inspirational posters and more wetlands. ๐Ÿชท
๐Ÿ”Š Audio reminder: Use
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
whenever you want to hear a sentence or long noun phrase.
๐Ÿ“ Instructions: Complete each sentence with the most natural Korean word or phrase. Read the full sentence aloud, identify whether it describes pressure, response, decline, recovery, or conservation, then open the Answer toggle.

Exercise 1 โ€” Resilience and Disturbance ๐ŸŒŠ

A. ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์„ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค.
The ability of an ecosystem to absorb shock and function again is called resilience. ๐ŸŒฟ
Answer
ํšŒ๋ณต ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ โ€” This is broader than simple recovery.
B. ํ™์ˆ˜์™€ ๊ฐ€๋ญ„์€ ํ•˜์ฒœ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์— ํฐ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Floods and droughts can give major disturbance to river ecosystems. ๐ŸŒง๏ธ
Answer
๊ต๋ž€ โ€” ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๊ต๋ž€ means ecosystem disturbance.
C. ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ด ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋˜๋ฉด ์ˆฒ์˜ ํšŒ๋ณต ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If external shocks repeat, forest resilience can decline. ๐ŸŒฒ
Answer
์ €ํ•˜ โ€” ์ €ํ•˜๋˜๋‹ค means to decline or be lowered.
D. ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ข…์ด ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๋งก์œผ๋ฉด ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ๋†’์•„์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If diverse species perform different functions, ecosystem stability can increase. ๐Ÿงฌ
Answer
์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ โ€” ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ means ecosystem stability.
E. ์‚ฐ๋ถˆ ์ดํ›„ ํ† ์–‘์ด ์‚ด์•„ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์‹์ƒ์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If soil remains alive after a wildfire, vegetation may regenerate. ๐Ÿ”ฅ
Answer
์žฌ์ƒ โ€” ์žฌ์ƒ๋˜๋‹ค means to regenerate.
F. ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ž‘์šฉ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค.
A function that reduces shock so an ecosystem does not completely collapse is called a buffering effect. ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ
Answer
์™„์ถฉ โ€” ์™„์ถฉ ์ž‘์šฉ means buffering effect.
G. ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌํ™”๋˜๋ฉด ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์˜ ์ ์‘ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ์‹œํ—˜๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค.
When climate change intensifies, an ecosystemโ€™s adaptive capacity is tested. ๐Ÿงญ
Answer
๋Šฅ๋ ฅ โ€” ์ ์‘ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ means adaptive capacity.
H. ํ•ด์–‘ ์‚ฐ์„ฑํ™”๋Š” ์‚ฐํ˜ธ์ดˆ์˜ ์ƒ์กด์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Ocean acidification can threaten coral reef survival. ๐Ÿชธ
Answer
์œ„ํ˜‘ โ€” ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•˜๋‹ค means to threaten.
I. ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋ฉด ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ ์ดํ›„์—๋„ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If ecosystem functions are maintained, balance can be maintained even after shock. โš–๏ธ
Answer
์œ ์ง€ โ€” ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋‹ค means to maintain.
J. ํšŒ๋ณต ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๊ต๋ž€์—๋„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
An ecosystem with low resilience can easily collapse even from a small disturbance. ๐Ÿฅ€
Answer
๋ถ•๊ดด โ€” ๋ถ•๊ดด๋˜๋‹ค means to collapse.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ โ†’ shock
  • ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to absorb
  • ํšŒ๋ณต ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ โ†’ resilience
  • ํ™์ˆ˜ โ†’ flood
  • ๊ฐ€๋ญ„ โ†’ drought
  • ํ•˜์ฒœ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ โ†’ river ecosystem
  • ๊ต๋ž€ โ†’ disturbance
  • ์ €ํ•˜๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to decline
  • ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ โ†’ ecosystem stability
  • ์‹์ƒ โ†’ vegetation
  • ์žฌ์ƒ๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to regenerate
  • ์™„์ถฉ ์ž‘์šฉ โ†’ buffering effect
  • ์ ์‘ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ โ†’ adaptive capacity
  • ํ•ด์–‘ ์‚ฐ์„ฑํ™” โ†’ ocean acidification
  • ์‚ฐํ˜ธ์ดˆ โ†’ coral reef
  • ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to threaten
  • ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to maintain
  • ๋ถ•๊ดด๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to collapse
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Resilience sentences often ask: what shock happened, what function remained, and what recovered?

Exercise 2 โ€” Climate Pressure and Self-Purification ๐Ÿงช

A. ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋˜๋ฉด ๊ทน๋‹จ์  ๊ธฐ์ƒ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋” ์ž์ฃผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If climate change intensifies, extreme weather events can appear more often. ๐ŸŒช๏ธ
Answer
์‹ฌํ™” โ€” ์‹ฌํ™”๋˜๋‹ค means to intensify.
B. ์Šต์ง€๋Š” ์˜ค์—ผ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๊ฑธ๋Ÿฌ ๋‚ด๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Wetlands perform self-purification by filtering pollutants. ๐Ÿชท
Answer
์ž์ • โ€” ์ž์ • ์ž‘์šฉ means self-purification.
C. ์˜ค์—ผ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ปค์ง€๋ฉด ์ž์ • ์ž‘์šฉ์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ๋„˜์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If the scale of pollution grows, it can exceed the limits of self-purification. ๐Ÿงช
Answer
ํ•œ๊ณ„ โ€” ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋„˜๋‹ค means to exceed a limit.
D. ๊ธฐ์˜จ ์ƒ์Šน์€ ํŠน์ • ์ข…์˜ ์„œ์‹ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Rising temperatures can change the habitat range of certain species. ๐ŸŒก๏ธ
Answer
๋ฒ”์œ„ โ€” ์„œ์‹ ๋ฒ”์œ„ means habitat range.
E. ๊ฐ€๋ญ„์ด ๊ธธ์–ด์ง€๋ฉด ํ† ์–‘์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ๋‚ฎ์•„์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If a drought lasts longer, soil moisture content can decrease. ๐Ÿœ๏ธ
Answer
ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰ โ€” ์ˆ˜๋ถ„ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰ means moisture content.
F. ํ•˜์ฒœ์˜ ์ž์ • ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์•ฝํ™”๋˜๋ฉด ์ˆ˜์งˆ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ์‹ฌํ•ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If a streamโ€™s self-purification capacity weakens, water pollution can become worse. ๐Ÿ’ง
Answer
์˜ค์—ผ โ€” ์ˆ˜์งˆ ์˜ค์—ผ means water pollution.
G. ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ์€ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐํ›„ ์กฐ์ ˆ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค.
Forests absorb carbon and contribute to climate regulation. ๐ŸŒณ
Answer
ํก์ˆ˜ โ€” ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋‹ค means to absorb carbon.
H. ํญ์—ผ์€ ๋„์‹œ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ƒ์กด ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Heat waves can worsen survival conditions for organisms around cities. ๐Ÿฅต
Answer
์•…ํ™” โ€” ์•…ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋‹ค means to worsen.
I. ์˜ค์—ผ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๋ถ„ํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด ์ค„๋ฉด ์ž์—ฐ ์ •ํ™” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋œ๋‹ค.
If microorganisms that break down pollutants decrease, natural purification function also weakens. ๐Ÿ„
Answer
์•ฝํ™” โ€” ์•ฝํ™”๋˜๋‹ค means to weaken.
J. ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋†’์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
To respond to climate change, ecosystem adaptive capacity must be increased. ๐Ÿงญ
Answer
์ ์‘ โ€” ์ ์‘ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ means adaptive capacity.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™” โ†’ climate change
  • ์‹ฌํ™”๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to intensify
  • ๊ทน๋‹จ์  ๊ธฐ์ƒ ํ˜„์ƒ โ†’ extreme weather event
  • ์Šต์ง€ โ†’ wetland
  • ์˜ค์—ผ ๋ฌผ์งˆ โ†’ pollutant
  • ์ž์ • ์ž‘์šฉ โ†’ self-purification
  • ํ•œ๊ณ„ โ†’ limit
  • ๊ธฐ์˜จ ์ƒ์Šน โ†’ rising temperature
  • ์„œ์‹ ๋ฒ”์œ„ โ†’ habitat range
  • ๊ฐ€๋ญ„ โ†’ drought
  • ์ˆ˜๋ถ„ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰ โ†’ moisture content
  • ์ˆ˜์งˆ ์˜ค์—ผ โ†’ water pollution
  • ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to absorb carbon
  • ๊ธฐํ›„ ์กฐ์ ˆ โ†’ climate regulation
  • ํญ์—ผ โ†’ heat wave
  • ์•…ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋‹ค โ†’ to worsen
  • ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ โ†’ microorganism
  • ์ž์—ฐ ์ •ํ™” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ โ†’ natural purification function
  • ์ ์‘ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ โ†’ adaptive capacity
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก ์ž์ • ์ž‘์šฉ is powerful but limited; always check whether pollution exceeds capacity.

Exercise 3 โ€” Biodiversity and Habitat Conservation ๐ŸฆŒ

A. ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์€ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ์ด๋‹ค.
Biodiversity is an important factor that increases ecosystem stability. ๐Ÿงฌ
Answer
๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ โ€” ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ means biodiversity.
B. ๋ฉธ์ข… ์œ„๊ธฐ์ข…์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋จผ์ € ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์กดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
To protect endangered species, habitats must first be conserved. ๐Ÿ†
Answer
์„œ์‹์ง€ โ€” Habitat protection supports species survival.
C. ์ƒํƒœ ํ†ต๋กœ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ ˆ๋œ ์„œ์‹์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Ecological corridors reconnect fragmented habitats. ๐ŸŒ‰
Answer
์—ฐ๊ฒฐ โ€” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋‹ค means to connect.
D. ์„œ์‹์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๋ฉด ์•ผ์ƒ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์ด๋™์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ง„๋‹ค.
If habitat connectivity increases, wildlife movement becomes easier. ๐Ÿพ
Answer
์‰ฌ์›Œ โ€” Connectivity reduces movement barriers.
E. ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์—๋งŒ ์ž์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ข…์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ข…์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค.
A species that naturally lives only in one region is called an endemic species. ๐Ÿ๏ธ
Answer
๊ณ ์œ  โ€” ๊ณ ์œ ์ข… means endemic species.
F. ์™ธ๋ž˜์ข…์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ์€ ํ† ์ฐฉ์ข…์˜ ์ƒ์กด์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The spread of invasive species can threaten native speciesโ€™ survival. ๐Ÿ
Answer
์œ„ํ˜‘ โ€” ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•˜๋‹ค means to threaten.
G. ๋จน์ด ์‚ฌ์Šฌ์ด ์•ˆ์ •๋˜๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ข…์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If the food chain stabilizes, many species can coexist. ๐Ÿ•ธ๏ธ
Answer
๊ณต์กด โ€” ๊ณต์กดํ•˜๋‹ค means to coexist.
H. ์„œ์‹์ง€ ๋‹จ์ ˆ์€ ์œ ์ „์  ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Habitat fragmentation can decrease genetic diversity. ๐Ÿงฌ
Answer
๊ฐ์†Œ โ€” ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๋‹ค means to decrease.
I. ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๊ตฌ์—ญ ์ง€์ •์€ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์„œ์‹์ง€๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค.
Designating protected areas is a way to protect core habitats. ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ
Answer
๋ณดํ˜ธ โ€” ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋‹ค means to protect.
J. ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์€ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ํšŒ๋ณต ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์„ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Biodiversity can become an indicator for judging ecosystem resilience. ๐Ÿ“Š
Answer
์ง€ํ‘œ โ€” ์ง€ํ‘œ means indicator.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ โ†’ biodiversity
  • ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ โ†’ ecosystem stability
  • ๋ฉธ์ข… ์œ„๊ธฐ์ข… โ†’ endangered species
  • ์„œ์‹์ง€ โ†’ habitat
  • ๋ณด์กดํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to conserve/preserve
  • ์ƒํƒœ ํ†ต๋กœ โ†’ ecological corridor
  • ์„œ์‹์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ โ†’ habitat connectivity
  • ์•ผ์ƒ๋™๋ฌผ โ†’ wildlife
  • ๊ณ ์œ ์ข… โ†’ endemic species
  • ์™ธ๋ž˜์ข… โ†’ invasive/non-native species
  • ํ† ์ฐฉ์ข… โ†’ native species
  • ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to threaten
  • ๋จน์ด ์‚ฌ์Šฌ โ†’ food chain
  • ๊ณต์กดํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to coexist
  • ์œ ์ „์  ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ โ†’ genetic diversity
  • ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๋‹ค โ†’ to decrease
  • ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๊ตฌ์—ญ โ†’ protected area
  • ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์„œ์‹์ง€ โ†’ core habitat
  • ์ง€ํ‘œ โ†’ indicator
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Biodiversity is not decoration; it is a functional part of ecosystem resilience.

Exercise 4 โ€” Conservation, Restoration, and Thresholds ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ

A. ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆฒ์„ ํ›ผ์†ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ์ง€ํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋‹ค.
Protecting remaining forests so they are not damaged is conservation. ๐ŸŒฒ
Answer
๋ณด์กด โ€” ๋ณด์กด protects what remains.
B. ํ›ผ์†๋œ ์Šต์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋‹ค.
Making a damaged wetland healthy again is restoration. ๐Ÿชท
Answer
๋ณต์› โ€” ๋ณต์› repairs what has already been damaged.
C. ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํšŒ๋ณต ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋„˜๋Š” ์ง€์ ์„ ์ƒํƒœ์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The point beyond an ecosystemโ€™s recoverable range can be seen as an ecological threshold. โš–๏ธ
Answer
ํ•œ๊ณ„ โ€” ์ƒํƒœ์  ํ•œ๊ณ„ refers to an ecological limit or threshold.
D. ์˜ค์—ผ์ด ์‹ฌํ•ด์ง€๋ฉด ๋ณต์› ๋น„์šฉ์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If pollution worsens, restoration costs can greatly increase. ๐Ÿ’ฐ
Answer
์ฆ๊ฐ€ โ€” ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋‹ค means to increase.
E. ๋ณด์กด ์ •์ฑ…์€ ํ›ผ์†์„ ์‚ฌ์ „์— ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Conservation policy aims to prevent damage in advance. ๐Ÿšง
Answer
๋ฐฉ์ง€ โ€” ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๋‹ค means to prevent.
F. ๋ณต์› ์‚ฌ์—…์€ ํ›ผ์†๋œ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด๋‹ค.
A restoration project is a process of recovering damaged ecosystem function. โš™๏ธ
Answer
ํšŒ๋ณต โ€” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํšŒ๋ณตํ•˜๋‹ค means to recover function.
G. ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๋ณด์ „์€ ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ณด๋‹ค ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ค‘์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค.
Ecosystem conservation values long-term maintainability more than short-term results. ๐Ÿ•ฐ๏ธ
Answer
์œ ์ง€ โ€” ์œ ์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ means maintainability.
H. ์‚ฌํ›„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ณต์›๋œ ์ง€์—ญ์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If follow-up management is insufficient, a restored area can be damaged again. ๐Ÿฅ€
Answer
ํ›ผ์† โ€” ํ›ผ์†๋˜๋‹ค means to be damaged/degraded.
I. ๋ณด์กด๊ณผ ๋ณต์›์€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Conservation and restoration should be connected rather than opposed. ๐Ÿ”—
Answer
์—ฐ๊ณ„ โ€” ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋˜๋‹ค means to be linked/connected.
J. ์ž์ • ์ž‘์šฉ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋„˜์€ ์˜ค์—ผ์€ ์ธ์œ„์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Pollution beyond the limits of self-purification may require human intervention. ๐Ÿง‘โ€๐Ÿ”ฌ
Answer
๊ฐœ์ž… โ€” ์ธ์œ„์  ๊ฐœ์ž… means human intervention.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆฒ โ†’ remaining forest
  • ๋ณด์กด โ†’ conservation/preservation
  • ํ›ผ์†๋œ ์Šต์ง€ โ†’ damaged wetland
  • ๋ณต์› โ†’ restoration
  • ํšŒ๋ณต ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฒ”์œ„ โ†’ recoverable range
  • ์ƒํƒœ์  ํ•œ๊ณ„ โ†’ ecological threshold/limit
  • ๋ณต์› ๋น„์šฉ โ†’ restoration cost
  • ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to increase
  • ๋ณด์กด ์ •์ฑ… โ†’ conservation policy
  • ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to prevent
  • ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ โ†’ ecosystem function
  • ํšŒ๋ณตํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to recover
  • ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  โ†’ long-term
  • ์œ ์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ โ†’ maintainability
  • ์‚ฌํ›„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ โ†’ follow-up management
  • ํ›ผ์†๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be damaged
  • ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be linked
  • ์ธ์œ„์  ๊ฐœ์ž… โ†’ human intervention
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก ๋ณด์กด prevents damage, ๋ณต์› repairs damage, and ์‚ฌํ›„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ keeps recovery from collapsing again.

Exercise 5 โ€” Mixed Mastery + Pitfall Patrol ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ

A. ํšŒ๋ณต ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ํšŒ๋ณต์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ ์‘๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ๋‹ค.
Resilience includes adaptation and functional maintenance, not simple recovery only. ๐Ÿ”„
Answer
์œ ์ง€ โ€” โŒ โ€œrecovery onlyโ€ โ†’ โœ… recovery, adaptation, and continued function.
B. ์ž์ • ์ž‘์šฉ์€ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ์—†์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๋‹ค.
Self-purification is powerful, but it is not without limits. ๐Ÿงช
Answer
ํ•œ๊ณ„ โ€” โŒ Unlimited nature โ†’ โœ… limited capacity.
C. ์•„์ง ๋‚จ์€ ์„œ์‹์ง€๋ฅผ ์ง€ํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ณต์›๋ณด๋‹ค ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์— ๊ฐ€๊น๋‹ค.
Protecting remaining habitats is closer to conservation than restoration. ๐ŸฆŒ
Answer
๋ณด์กด โ€” โŒ Confusing repair and protection โ†’ โœ… ๋ณด์กด protects what remains.
D. ์ด๋ฏธ ํŒŒ๊ดด๋œ ์Šต์ง€๋ฅผ ๋˜์‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ณด์กด๋ณด๋‹ค ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์— ๊ฐ€๊น๋‹ค.
Reviving an already destroyed wetland is closer to restoration than conservation. ๐Ÿชท
Answer
๋ณต์› โ€” Damaged ecosystems need restoration.
E. ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋‹ค.
Climate change is not a one-time event but a long-term pressure. ๐ŸŒง๏ธ
Answer
์••๋ ฅ โ€” โŒ Single event โ†’ โœ… long-term pressure.
F. ๊ฒ‰์œผ๋กœ ํ‘ธ๋ฅธ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด๋ผ๋„ ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์ด ๋‚ฎ์œผ๋ฉด ํšŒ๋ณต ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Even if a space looks green, resilience may be low if biodiversity is low. ๐ŸŒฑ
Answer
๋‚ฎ์„ โ€” Appearance alone does not prove ecological resilience.
G. ์„œ์‹์ง€ ๋‹จ์ ˆ์„ ์ค„์ด๋ ค๋ฉด ์ƒํƒœ ํ†ต๋กœ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
To reduce habitat fragmentation, ecological corridors can be created. ๐ŸŒ‰
Answer
์กฐ์„ฑ โ€” ์ƒํƒœ ํ†ต๋กœ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์„ฑํ•˜๋‹ค means to create ecological corridors.
H. ์™ธ๋ž˜์ข…์ด ํ† ์ฐฉ์ข…์„ ๋ฐ€์–ด๋‚ด๋ฉด ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If invasive species push out native species, biodiversity can decrease. ๐Ÿ
Answer
๊ฐ์†Œ โ€” ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋‹ค means to decrease.
I. ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ํšŒ๋ณต์„ ํŒ๋‹จํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์งˆ, ํ† ์–‘, ์ข… ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
When judging ecosystem recovery, water quality, soil, and species diversity must be considered together. ๐Ÿ“Š
Answer
๊ณ ๋ ค โ€” ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋‹ค means to consider.
J. ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์˜ ํšŒ๋ณต ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณด์กด๊ณผ ๋ณต์›์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
In the conclusion, you can write that conservation and restoration must be linked to increase ecosystem resilience. ๐Ÿงญ
Answer
์—ฐ๊ณ„ โ€” This makes a strong balanced conclusion.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์œ ์ง€ โ†’ functional maintenance
  • ์ ์‘ โ†’ adaptation
  • ํ•œ๊ณ„ โ†’ limit
  • ๋ณด์กด โ†’ conservation/preservation
  • ๋ณต์› โ†’ restoration
  • ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ์••๋ ฅ โ†’ long-term pressure
  • ํ‘ธ๋ฅธ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ โ†’ green space
  • ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ โ†’ biodiversity
  • ์„œ์‹์ง€ ๋‹จ์ ˆ โ†’ habitat fragmentation
  • ์ƒํƒœ ํ†ต๋กœ โ†’ ecological corridor
  • ์กฐ์„ฑํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to create/develop
  • ์™ธ๋ž˜์ข… โ†’ invasive/non-native species
  • ํ† ์ฐฉ์ข… โ†’ native species
  • ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to decrease
  • ์ˆ˜์งˆ โ†’ water quality
  • ํ† ์–‘ โ†’ soil
  • ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to consider
  • ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to link/connect
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Pitfall patrol rule: donโ€™t trust appearances, donโ€™t ignore limits, and donโ€™t separate conservation from restoration.
๐ŸŽ‰ Excellent work โ€” your ecosystem Korean now has roots, buffers, habitats, and enough resilience to survive a very judgmental academic paragraph. ๐ŸŒฟ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ