๐ŸŒฑ

The Sustainability of Urban Agriculture

Agent Progress
Built
Keywords
๋„์‹œ ๋†์—…์˜ ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ / ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์•ˆ๋ณด / ์ž์› ์ˆœํ™˜ / ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ
Lesson #
S
Done
Section
Advanced Vocabulary
๐ŸŒฑ
TL;DR ๐Ÿฆ„
  • ๐ŸŒ† ๋„์‹œ ๋†์—… (urban agriculture) connects city planning, food supply, climate response, and community life โ€” not just cute balcony lettuce.
  • โ™ป๏ธ The key vocabulary family is ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ (sustainability), ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์•ˆ๋ณด (food security), ์ž์› ์ˆœํ™˜ (resource circulation), and ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ (eco-friendly).
  • โš–๏ธ Advanced answers sound strongest when they balance benefits with limits: urban farming can supplement local food systems, but it cannot replace large-scale agriculture by itself.
๐ŸŽง
๐ŸŽง Iru Helper Note
Type any Korean word or sentence from this lesson into
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
to hear it read aloud. Long phrases like ๋„์‹œ ๋†์—…์˜ ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ (the sustainability of urban agriculture) are excellent slow-listening practice.

๐ŸŒˆ The Big Picture

๋„์‹œ ๋†์—… means โ€œurban agricultureโ€: growing food within a city through rooftop gardens, community plots, school gardens, balcony planters, hydroponic systems, or vertical farms. The phrase sounds cozy, but in advanced Korean it often appears in serious discussions about climate adaptation, food distribution, land use, local economies, and citizen participation. ๐Ÿ™๏ธ
๋„์‹œ ๋†์—…์˜ ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ means โ€œthe sustainability of urban agriculture.โ€ Here, ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ is not just โ€œlasting a long time.โ€ It means something can continue in a way that is environmentally, economically, and socially workable. ๐ŸŒฟ
This topic is useful because it lets you write with nuance. Instead of saying โ€œurban farming is good,โ€ you can say it may ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์•ˆ๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๋‹ค (supplement food security), ์ž์› ์ˆœํ™˜์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋‹ค (contribute to resource circulation), and ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์ƒํ™œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ํ™•์‚ฐํ•˜๋‹ค (spread eco-friendly ways of living), while still recognizing limits such as space, cost, pollution, and low production volume. โš–๏ธ

๐ŸŽจ The Core Urban Agriculture Family

๐ŸŒ† 1. ๋„์‹œ ๋†์—… โ€” urban agriculture

๋„์‹œ means โ€œcity,โ€ and ๋†์—… means โ€œagriculture.โ€ Together, ๋„์‹œ ๋†์—… refers to producing food or crops inside urban spaces.
Useful pairings:
  • ๋„์‹œ ๋†์—…์„ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to revitalize/promote urban agriculture
  • ๋„์‹œ ๋†์—…์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to introduce urban agriculture
  • ๋„์‹œ ๋†์—…์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to expand urban agriculture

๐ŸŒฑ 2. ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ โ€” sustainability

์ง€์† means โ€œcontinuation,โ€ and ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ means โ€œpossibility/potential.โ€ In policy and environment contexts, ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ means long-term viability.
Natural pairings:
  • ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๋‹ค โ†’ to increase sustainability
  • ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to secure sustainability
  • ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to evaluate sustainability

๐Ÿš 3. ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์•ˆ๋ณด โ€” food security

์‹๋Ÿ‰ means โ€œfood supply/food resources,โ€ and ์•ˆ๋ณด means โ€œsecurity.โ€ ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์•ˆ๋ณด refers to stable access to necessary food.
Natural pairings:
  • ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์•ˆ๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to strengthen food security
  • ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์•ˆ๋ณด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to threaten food security
  • ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์•ˆ๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to supplement food security

โ™ป๏ธ 4. ์ž์› ์ˆœํ™˜ โ€” resource circulation

์ž์› means โ€œresources,โ€ and ์ˆœํ™˜ means โ€œcirculation.โ€ ์ž์› ์ˆœํ™˜ is the idea of reusing resources instead of simply consuming and discarding them.
Natural pairings:
  • ์ž์› ์ˆœํ™˜ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to build a resource-circulation system
  • ์ž์› ์ˆœํ™˜์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to contribute to resource circulation
  • ์ž์› ๋‚ญ๋น„๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๋‹ค โ†’ to reduce resource waste

๐ŸŒŽ 5. ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ โ€” eco-friendly

์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ means โ€œeco-friendlyโ€ or โ€œenvironmentally friendly.โ€ It is broader than ์ž์› ์ˆœํ™˜. Resource circulation is one eco-friendly practice, but ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ can also include reducing emissions, protecting ecosystems, and avoiding harmful chemicals.
Natural pairings:
  • ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์žฌ๋ฐฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to introduce eco-friendly cultivation methods
  • ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์ƒํ™œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์‹ค์ฒœํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to practice an eco-friendly lifestyle
  • ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋„์‹œ ์„ค๊ณ„์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to contribute to eco-friendly urban design

๐Ÿ› ๏ธ How They Work in a Sentence

Pattern 1 โ€” Define the concept ๐Ÿงญ

๋„์‹œ ๋†์—…์ด๋ž€ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ์œ ํœด ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด ๋†์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ํ™œ๋™์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค.
Urban agriculture means an activity that uses idle spaces in a city to produce agricultural products. ๐Ÿฅฌ
Notes: ์œ ํœด ๊ณต๊ฐ„ = idle/unused space; ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค = to make use of; ๋†์‚ฐ๋ฌผ = agricultural products; ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋‹ค = to mean.

Pattern 2 โ€” Explain a benefit ๐Ÿ…

๊ณต๋™์ฒด ํ…ƒ๋ฐญ์€ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€์—ญ ์ฐจ์›์˜ ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์•ˆ๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์™„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Community gardens can increase resident participation and supplement food security at the local level. ๐Ÿง‘โ€๐ŸŒพ
Notes: ๊ณต๋™์ฒด ํ…ƒ๋ฐญ = community garden; ์ฃผ๋ฏผ ์ฐธ์—ฌ = resident participation; ์ง€์—ญ ์ฐจ์› = local level; ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๋‹ค = to supplement.

Pattern 3 โ€” Add a condition or limit โš–๏ธ

๋„์‹œ ๋†์—…์ด ์ง€์†๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํ† ์–‘ ์˜ค์—ผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์™€ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์ด ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
For urban agriculture to continue sustainably, soil-contamination management and a stable budget must support it. ๐Ÿงช
Notes: ์ง€์†๋˜๋‹ค = to continue; ํ† ์–‘ ์˜ค์—ผ = soil contamination; ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ = stable budget; ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจ๋˜๋‹ค = to be supported.

๐Ÿงฉ General Formation Rule

For advanced topic vocabulary, the key is not a tricky conjugation rule but noun-phrase architecture. Build precise Korean policy phrases like this:
  • Topic noun + ์˜ + abstract noun
    • ๋„์‹œ ๋†์—…์˜ ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ โ†’ the sustainability of urban agriculture
      ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ง์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ โ†’ the stability of the food supply chain
  • Abstract noun + ์„/๋ฅผ + policy verb
    • ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์•ˆ๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to strengthen food security
      ์ž์› ์ˆœํ™˜ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to build a resource-circulation system
  • Condition phrase + benefit/limit clause
    • ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ์ œํ•œ์ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰์—๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. โ†’ Because space is limited, there are limits to production volume.
No true irregular verb rule is central to this lesson. The advanced skill is choosing natural collocations: ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์•ˆ๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค is natural, while ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์•ˆ๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋‹ค sounds clumsy for formal writing.

๐Ÿ“š Cross-check note

The core vocabulary, spelling, and dictionary-form verbs in this lesson were checked against ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ๊ตญ์–ด์› / Korean.go.kr language resources and standard Korean usage. โœ…

๐Ÿชž Synonym Alert

  • ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ (sustainability) โ†’ formal, common in policy, environment, economy, and planning contexts.
  • ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ์œ ์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ (long-term maintainability) โ†’ explanatory phrase; useful when clarifying the meaning of sustainability.
  • ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ (eco-friendly) โ†’ everyday and policy-friendly; broad and flexible.
  • ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์นœํ™”์  (environmentally friendly) โ†’ more formal/written; often used in reports and official descriptions.
  • ์ž์› ์ˆœํ™˜ (resource circulation) โ†’ technical/policy term; narrower than ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ.

โš ๏ธ Pitfalls to Dodge

  • โŒ ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ = โ€œdoing something for a long timeโ€ โ†’ โœ… It means long-term environmental, economic, and social viability.
  • โŒ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ and ์ž์› ์ˆœํ™˜ are identical โ†’ โœ… ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ is broader; ์ž์› ์ˆœํ™˜ focuses on reusing resources.
  • โŒ ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์•ˆ๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋‹ค โ†’ โœ… ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์•ˆ๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค (use the natural policy verb ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค, โ€œto strengthenโ€).
  • โŒ Only listing benefits โ†’ โœ… Add limits such as ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋ถ€์กฑ (lack of space), ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰ (low production volume), ํ† ์–‘ ์˜ค์—ผ (soil contamination), and ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋น„์šฉ (management cost).
  • โŒ Calling every rooftop planter a complete food solution โ†’ โœ… Urban agriculture can supplement food security, not fully replace large-scale supply chains.
๐ŸŽ‰ If you can balance hope with limits, your Korean will sound less like a slogan and more like an expert paragraph with compost-powered confidence. ๐ŸŒฟ

Try this exercise

Practice choosing natural advanced vocabulary and collocations about urban agriculture. Complete each Korean sentence, say the full sentence aloud, then open the Answer toggle to check the meaning and usage.
1. ๋„์‹œ ๋†์—…์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ๋†’์ด๋ ค๋ฉด ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
To increase the sustainability of urban agriculture, a long-term management system is necessary. ๐ŸŒฑ
Answer
์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ โ€” This means โ€œsustainability,โ€ not merely โ€œdoing it for a long time.โ€
2. ๊ณต๋™์ฒด ํ…ƒ๋ฐญ์€ ์ง€์—ญ ์ฐจ์›์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์™„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Community gardens can supplement food security at the local level. ๐Ÿš
Answer
์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์•ˆ๋ณด โ€” Use ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๋‹ค when something supplements rather than fully solves a problem.
3. ์Œ์‹๋ฌผ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ‡ด๋น„๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Using food waste as compost can contribute to resource circulation. โ™ป๏ธ
Answer
์ž์› ์ˆœํ™˜ โ€” This focuses on reusing resources instead of discarding them.
4. ์˜ฅ์ƒ ํ…ƒ๋ฐญ์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ƒํ™œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ํ™•์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค.
Rooftop gardens help spread eco-friendly lifestyles. ๐ŸŒŽ
Answer
์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ โ€” ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์ƒํ™œ ๋ฐฉ์‹ is a natural phrase for โ€œeco-friendly lifestyle.โ€
5. ๋„์‹œ์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์žฌ๋ฐฐ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If a city uses idle spaces, it can create new cultivation areas. ๐Ÿ™๏ธ
Answer
์œ ํœด ๊ณต๊ฐ„ โ€” ์œ ํœด means unused or idle; the phrase often appears in planning contexts.
6. ์žฅ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์šด์†ก์„ ์ค„์ด๋ฉด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Reducing long-distance transport can reduce carbon emissions. ๐Ÿšš
Answer
ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ โ€” Natural verbs include ์ค„์ด๋‹ค, ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๋‹ค, and ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
7. ๋„์‹œ ๋†์—…์ด ์ง€์†๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
For urban agriculture to continue, a stable budget must support it. ๐Ÿ’ฐ
Answer
๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค โ€” This formal phrase means โ€œmust be supported by.โ€
8. ๋„์‹œ ๋†์—…๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค.
It is difficult to meet large-scale food demand through urban agriculture alone. ๐Ÿญ
Answer
์ถฉ์กฑํ•˜๊ธฐ โ€” ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•˜๋‹ค means โ€œto meet demand.โ€
9. ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์žฌ๋ฐฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋„์‹œ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค.
Introducing eco-friendly cultivation methods helps protect the urban ecosystem. ๐Ÿ
Answer
๋„์ž…ํ•˜๋ฉด โ€” ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๋‹ค means โ€œto introduce/adopt.โ€
10. ๋„์‹œ ๋†์—…์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ์žฅ์ ๊ณผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
When evaluating urban agriculture, benefits and limitations must be considered together. โš–๏ธ
Answer
ํ•œ๊ณ„ โ€” Advanced writing sounds more balanced when it includes limits, not only benefits.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ โ†’ sustainability
  • ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์•ˆ๋ณด โ†’ food security
  • ์ž์› ์ˆœํ™˜ โ†’ resource circulation
  • ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ โ†’ eco-friendly
  • ์œ ํœด ๊ณต๊ฐ„ โ†’ idle/unused space
  • ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ โ†’ carbon emissions
  • ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจ๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be supported
  • ์ถฉ์กฑํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to meet/satisfy
  • ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to introduce/adopt
  • ํ•œ๊ณ„ โ†’ limitation
Tips ๐Ÿ’ก
  • Pair abstract nouns with formal verbs: ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค, ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๋‹ค, ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋‹ค.
  • Balance every benefit with at least one limit.

๐Ÿš€
Want more reps? Visit the Practice Hub when you're ready! ๐ŸŒฟ
๐Ÿ“ฆ
๐ŸŽฏ Practice Hub โ€” The Sustainability of Urban Agriculture
Welcome to your urban-agriculture workout: policy vocabulary with dirt under its fingernails. ๐ŸŒฑ Youโ€™ll practice sustainability terms, natural collocations, balanced argument patterns, and pitfall fixes so your Korean can discuss gardens, budgets, and broccoli with equal elegance. ๐Ÿฅฆ
๐Ÿ”Š Audio reminder: Use
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
whenever you want to hear a sentence or long noun phrase.
๐Ÿ“ Instructions: Complete each Korean sentence with the most natural word or phrase, read the full sentence aloud, then check the Answer toggle. Focus on sounding precise and balanced, not just โ€œpositive.โ€

Exercise 1 โ€” Core Concept Nouns ๐ŸŒฑ

A. ๋„์‹œ ๋†์—…์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ, ๊ฒฝ์ œ, ์‚ฌํšŒ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
The sustainability of urban agriculture must consider environmental, economic, and social conditions together. ๐ŸŒ†
Answer
์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ โ€” Sustainability here is a multi-condition concept, not simply duration.
B. ๊ธฐํ›„ ์œ„๊ธฐ ์†์—์„œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์ด ๋”์šฑ ์ปค์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Amid the climate crisis, the importance of food security is growing even more. ๐ŸŒพ
Answer
์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์•ˆ๋ณด โ€” ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์•ˆ๋ณด์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ is a natural formal noun phrase.
C. ํ‡ด๋น„ํ™”์™€ ๋น—๋ฌผ ํ™œ์šฉ์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Composting and rainwater use can be representative examples of resource circulation. ๐Ÿ’ง
Answer
์ž์› ์ˆœํ™˜ โ€” Reusing waste or water fits the resource-circulation frame.
D. ํ™”ํ•™ ์•ฝํ’ˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฐฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
A cultivation method that reduces chemical use can be called environmentally friendly. ๐Ÿž
Answer
ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์นœํ™” โ€” In ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์นœํ™”์ , -์  makes it โ€œenvironmentally friendly.โ€
E. ๋ฒ„๋ ค์ง„ ์ฒ ๋„ ๋ถ€์ง€๋ฅผ ํ…ƒ๋ฐญ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ™œ์šฉ์˜ ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ด๋‹ค.
Turning an abandoned railway site into a garden is an example of using idle space. ๐Ÿš‰
Answer
์œ ํœด ๊ณต๊ฐ„ โ€” ์œ ํœด ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ํ™œ์šฉ means using otherwise unused space.
F. ๋™๋„ค ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์€ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด ํšŒ๋ณต์—๋„ ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค.
A community garden managed together by neighborhood residents also helps restore community ties. ๐Ÿง‘โ€๐ŸŒพ
Answer
๊ณต๋™์ฒด ํ…ƒ๋ฐญ โ€” This phrase combines community participation with small-scale cultivation.
G. ๋„์‹œ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ์†Œ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์ง€๋ฉด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If production and consumption become closer within a city, transport distance can decrease. ๐Ÿšฒ
Answer
์šด์†ก โ€” ์šด์†ก ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ means transport distance.
H. ์‹ํ’ˆ์ด ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ž์—์„œ ์†Œ๋น„์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค.
The overall structure through which food moves from producer to consumer is called a supply chain. ๐Ÿ”—
Answer
๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ง โ€” ์‹ํ’ˆ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ง or ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ง is common in policy contexts.
I. ๋„์‹œ ๋†์—…์˜ ์‹ค์ œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ณผ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
To judge the real effect of urban agriculture, production volume and cost must be examined together. ๐Ÿ“Š
Answer
์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰ โ€” ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰ means production volume.
J. ์˜ค์—ผ๋œ ๋•…์—์„œ ์ž‘๋ฌผ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If crops are grown on contaminated land, a soil-contamination problem may occur. ๐Ÿงช
Answer
ํ† ์–‘ ์˜ค์—ผ โ€” This is an important limit when discussing urban farming.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ โ†’ sustainability
  • ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์•ˆ๋ณด โ†’ food security
  • ์ž์› ์ˆœํ™˜ โ†’ resource circulation
  • ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์นœํ™”์  โ†’ environmentally friendly
  • ์œ ํœด ๊ณต๊ฐ„ โ†’ idle/unused space
  • ๊ณต๋™์ฒด ํ…ƒ๋ฐญ โ†’ community garden
  • ์šด์†ก โ†’ transport
  • ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ง โ†’ supply chain
  • ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰ โ†’ production volume
  • ํ† ์–‘ ์˜ค์—ผ โ†’ soil contamination
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Advanced vocabulary often grows as noun clusters: topic noun + abstract noun + policy verb.

Exercise 2 โ€” Natural Collocations โ™ป๏ธ

A. ๋„์‹œ ๋†์—…์€ ์ง€์—ญ ์ฐจ์›์˜ ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์•ˆ๋ณด๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Urban agriculture can strengthen food security at the local level. ๐Ÿš
Answer
๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•  โ€” ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์•ˆ๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค is the natural collocation.
B. ์Œ์‹๋ฌผ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ‡ด๋น„๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ฉด ์ž์› ์ˆœํ™˜ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค.
Turning food waste into compost helps build a resource-circulation system. ๐Ÿชฑ
Answer
๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๋Š” โ€” ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๋‹ค means โ€œto build a system.โ€
C. ์˜ฅ์ƒ ์ •์›์€ ๋„์‹œ ์—ด์„ฌ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Rooftop gardens can contribute to easing the urban heat-island effect. ๐Ÿข
Answer
์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” โ€” ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค means to alleviate or ease.
D. ๋น—๋ฌผ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ ์‹œ์„ค์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ฌผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If rainwater-reuse facilities are introduced, water use can be reduced. ๐ŸŒง๏ธ
Answer
๋„์ž…ํ•˜๋ฉด โ€” ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๋‹ค is natural for systems, policies, and methods.
E. ์ฃผ๋ฏผ ๊ต์œก์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์ƒํ™œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Through resident education, eco-friendly lifestyles can be spread. ๐Ÿ“š
Answer
ํ™•์‚ฐํ•  โ€” ํ™•์‚ฐํ•˜๋‹ค means โ€œto spread.โ€
F. ๋„์‹œ ๋†์—…์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋น„์šฉ ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
To evaluate the economic effect of urban agriculture, cost data is necessary. ๐Ÿ’ฐ
Answer
ํ‰๊ฐ€ โ€” ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋‹ค means โ€œto evaluate.โ€
G. ํ•™๊ต ํ…ƒ๋ฐญ์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค.
School gardens help students understand the process of food production. ๐Ÿซ
Answer
์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” โ€” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋‹ค is natural for learning about a process.
H. ์šด์†ก ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๋ฉด ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Reducing transport distance can reduce carbon emissions. ๐Ÿšš
Answer
์ค„์ผ โ€” ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์„ ์ค„์ด๋‹ค is direct and natural.
I. ์ฃผ๋ฏผ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค.
If resident participation is lacking, it is difficult to secure the projectโ€™s sustainability. ๐Ÿ‘ฅ
Answer
ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ธฐ โ€” ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋‹ค means โ€œto secure sustainability.โ€
J. ๋„์‹œ ๋†์—… ์ •์ฑ…์€ ์ง€์—ญ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๋„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Urban-agriculture policy can also be expected to revitalize the local community. ๐Ÿค
Answer
ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” โ€” ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค means โ€œto revitalize/promote.โ€
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to strengthen
  • ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to build/establish
  • ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to ease/alleviate
  • ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to introduce
  • ํ™•์‚ฐํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to spread
  • ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to evaluate
  • ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to understand
  • ์ค„์ด๋‹ค โ†’ to reduce
  • ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to secure
  • ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to revitalize
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก For formal vocabulary, memorize noun + verb pairs, not isolated words.

Exercise 3 โ€” Balanced Argument Sentences โš–๏ธ

A. ๋„์‹œ ๋†์—…์€ ์žฅ์ ์ด ๋งŽ์ง€๋งŒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ถ€์กฑ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Urban agriculture has many advantages, but there is the practical problem of lack of space. ๐Ÿ™๏ธ
Answer
๊ณต๊ฐ„ โ€” ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋ถ€์กฑ is a common limitation in dense cities.
B. ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ œํ•œ์ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค.
Because production volume is limited, it is difficult to completely solve large-scale food problems. ๐Ÿ“‰
Answer
ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ โ€” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋‹ค means โ€œto solve a problem.โ€
C. ๋„์‹œ ๋†์—…์€ ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์•ˆ๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Urban agriculture can play a role in supplementing food security. ๐Ÿš
Answer
์—ญํ•  โ€” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋‹ค means โ€œto play a role.โ€
D. ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์ด ์•ˆ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•๋ณด๋˜์–ด์•ผ ์‚ฌ์—…์ด ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ํ–‰์‚ฌ์— ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
A budget must be secured so the project does not end as a temporary event. ๐ŸŽช
Answer
๊ทธ์น˜์ง€ โ€” -์— ๊ทธ์น˜๋‹ค means โ€œto stop at / amount to only.โ€
E. ํ† ์–‘ ์˜ค์—ผ์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ชฉํ‘œ์™€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If soil contamination is not managed, it can conflict with the goal of being eco-friendly. ๐Ÿงช
Answer
๋ชจ์ˆœ โ€” ๋ชจ์ˆœ๋˜๋‹ค means โ€œto be contradictory.โ€
F. ๊ณต๋™์ฒด ํ…ƒ๋ฐญ์€ ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ด์›ƒ ๊ฐ„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ๋Š˜๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Community gardens can increase exchange among neighbors as well as food production. ๐Ÿง‘โ€๐Ÿคโ€๐Ÿง‘
Answer
๊ต๋ฅ˜ โ€” ๊ต๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๋‹ค means โ€œto increase interaction/exchange.โ€
G. ๋„์‹œ ๋†์—…์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ํ–‰์ • ์ง€์›๊ณผ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
To expand urban agriculture, administrative support and resident participation must both be supported. ๐Ÿ›๏ธ
Answer
๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจ โ€” ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจ๋˜๋‹ค is formal and useful for policy conditions.
H. ๋„์‹œ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์‹๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ง ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Producing some food within a city can increase supply-chain stability. ๐Ÿ”—
Answer
์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ โ€” ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ง ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ means supply-chain stability.
I. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ธ๋ ฅ์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋ฉด ํ…ƒ๋ฐญ์ด ๋ฐฉ์น˜๋  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
However, if management staff is lacking, there is a risk the garden will be neglected. ๐Ÿฅ€
Answer
์œ„ํ—˜ โ€” ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค means โ€œthere is a risk.โ€
J. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋„์‹œ ๋†์—…์€ ๋ณด์กฐ์  ์ „๋žต์œผ๋กœ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๋‹ค.
Therefore, it is appropriate to understand urban agriculture as a supplementary strategy. ๐Ÿงญ
Answer
์ดํ•ด โ€” This balanced conclusion avoids overclaiming.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋ถ€์กฑ โ†’ lack of space
  • ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to solve
  • ์—ญํ•  โ†’ role
  • ๊ทธ์น˜๋‹ค โ†’ to stop at / amount only to
  • ๋ชจ์ˆœ๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be contradictory
  • ๊ต๋ฅ˜ โ†’ exchange/interaction
  • ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจ๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be supported
  • ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ โ†’ stability
  • ์œ„ํ—˜ โ†’ risk
  • ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to understand
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก A polished answer usually says โ€œyes, butโ€ฆโ€ with concrete reasons.

Exercise 4 โ€” Synonyms and Register ๐ŸŒŽ

A. ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์—์„œ๋Š” โ€˜์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝโ€™๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋ฌธ์–ด์ ์ธ ํ‘œํ˜„์ธ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
In a report, you can use a more written expression than โ€œeco-friendly.โ€ ๐Ÿ“„
Answer
ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์นœํ™”์  โ€” This is more formal/written than everyday ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ.
B. โ€˜์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑโ€™์„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ํ’€์–ด ์“ฐ๋ฉด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์œ ์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If explaining โ€œsustainabilityโ€ simply, it can be described as long-term maintainability. ๐Ÿ•ฐ๏ธ
Answer
์žฅ๊ธฐ์  โ€” ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ์œ ์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ clarifies the meaning.
C. โ€˜์ž์› ์ˆœํ™˜โ€™์€ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ฒ”์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ฐœ๋…์ด๋‹ค.
โ€œResource circulationโ€ is a narrower concept than โ€œeco-friendly.โ€ ๐ŸŽฏ
Answer
์ข์€ โ€” ๋ฒ”์œ„๊ฐ€ ์ข๋‹ค means the scope is narrow.
D. โ€˜์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์•ˆ๋ณดโ€™๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์‹์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ๋‹ค.
โ€œFood securityโ€ is related not to one personโ€™s meal, but to societyโ€™s overall food supply. ๐Ÿฑ
Answer
๊ณต๊ธ‰ โ€” ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ means food supply.
E. โ€˜์œ ํœด ๊ณต๊ฐ„โ€™์€ ์•„์ง ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋œปํ•œ๋‹ค.
โ€œIdle spaceโ€ means space that is not yet being properly used. ๐Ÿš๏ธ
Answer
ํ™œ์šฉ โ€” ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๋‹ค means โ€œto be used/made use of.โ€
F. ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๊ธ€์—์„œ๋Š” โ€˜์ข‹๋‹คโ€™๋ณด๋‹ค โ€˜๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋‹คโ€™๋‚˜ โ€˜ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟโ€™๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋ฉด ๋” ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๋‹ค.
In formal writing, โ€œcontributeโ€ or โ€œhave an effectโ€ is more precise than โ€œis good.โ€ โœ๏ธ
Answer
์žˆ๋‹ค โ€” ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค is formal and clear.
G. ๋„์‹œ ๋†์—…์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ์ฃผ์žฅ์ด ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If you say urban agriculture solves every problem, the claim can be exaggerated. ๐ŸŽˆ
Answer
๊ณผ์žฅ โ€” ๊ณผ์žฅ๋˜๋‹ค means โ€œto be exaggerated.โ€
H. โ€˜๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๋‹คโ€™๋Š” ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๋‹ค.
โ€œTo supplementโ€ means to fill in an insufficient part. ๐Ÿงฉ
Answer
์ฑ„์šฐ๋‹ค โ€” ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฑ„์šฐ๋‹ค explains ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๋‹ค.
I. โ€˜ํ™•์‚ฐํ•˜๋‹คโ€™๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ๋„๋ฆฌ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๋‹ค.
โ€œTo spreadโ€ means an idea or method becomes widely distributed. ๐ŸŒŠ
Answer
ํผ์ง€๋‹ค โ€” ๋„๋ฆฌ ํผ์ง€๋‹ค is the everyday explanation.
J. โ€˜๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๋‹คโ€™๋Š” ์ฒด๊ณ„๋‚˜ ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๋‹ค.
โ€œTo establish/buildโ€ means to newly create a system or institution. ๐Ÿ—๏ธ
Answer
๋งŒ๋“ค๋‹ค โ€” ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋‹ค is the simpler explanation of ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๋‹ค.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์นœํ™”์  โ†’ environmentally friendly
  • ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  โ†’ long-term
  • ์ข๋‹ค โ†’ to be narrow
  • ๊ณต๊ธ‰ โ†’ supply
  • ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be used
  • ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค โ†’ to have an effect
  • ๊ณผ์žฅ๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be exaggerated
  • ์ฑ„์šฐ๋‹ค โ†’ to fill
  • ํผ์ง€๋‹ค โ†’ to spread
  • ๋งŒ๋“ค๋‹ค โ†’ to make
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Use formal synonyms for reports, but keep the meaning clear.

Exercise 5 โ€” Mixed Mastery + Pitfall Patrol ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ

A. ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ โ€˜์˜ค๋ž˜ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒโ€™์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ฉด ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ง„๋‹ค.
If sustainability is understood only as โ€œdoing something for a long time,โ€ the meaning becomes too narrow. ๐Ÿ”
Answer
์ข์•„ โ€” โŒ โ€œlong duration onlyโ€ โ†’ โœ… environmental, economic, and social viability.
B. ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์€ ์ž์› ์ˆœํ™˜๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ฐœ๋…์ด๋‹ค.
Eco-friendliness is a broader concept than resource circulation. ๐ŸŒŽ
Answer
๋„“์€ โ€” โŒ Treating them as identical โ†’ โœ… ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ is broader.
C. โ€˜์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์•ˆ๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋‹คโ€™๋ณด๋‹ค โ€˜์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์•ˆ๋ณด๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟโ€™๊ฐ€ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๋‹ค.
โ€œStrengthen food securityโ€ is more natural than โ€œmake food security strong.โ€ ๐Ÿš
Answer
๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค โ€” โŒ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋‹ค โ†’ โœ… ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
D. ๋„์‹œ ๋†์—…์€ ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์•ˆ๋ณด๋ฅผ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Urban agriculture supplements food security rather than completely solving it. ๐Ÿงบ
Answer
๋ณด์™„ โ€” โŒ Complete solution โ†’ โœ… supplementary role.
E. ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋ถ€์กฑ๊ณผ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰์€ ๋„์‹œ ๋†์—…์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋‹ค.
Lack of space and low production volume are representative limitations of urban agriculture. ๐Ÿ“‰
Answer
ํ•œ๊ณ„ โ€” A balanced answer includes limits.
F. ์˜ค์—ผ๋œ ํ† ์–‘์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์žฌ๋ฐฐ๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์žฅ์— ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ์ƒ๊ธด๋‹ค.
If contaminated soil is not managed, a contradiction arises in the claim of eco-friendly cultivation. ๐Ÿงช
Answer
๋ชจ์ˆœ โ€” Soil safety matters when claiming eco-friendly value.
G. ๋„์‹œ ๋†์—…์ด ๊ณ„์†๋˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์ฃผ๋ฏผ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
For urban agriculture to continue, resident participation must be steadily maintained. ๐Ÿ‘ฅ
Answer
์œ ์ง€ โ€” ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋‹ค means โ€œto be maintained.โ€
H. ๋น—๋ฌผ ํ™œ์šฉ๊ณผ ํ‡ด๋น„ํ™”๋Š” ์ž์› ๋‚ญ๋น„๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค.
Rainwater use and composting are methods for reducing resource waste. ๐Ÿ’ง
Answer
์ค„์ด๋Š” โ€” ๋‚ญ๋น„๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๋‹ค is the natural phrase.
I. ๋„์‹œ ๋†์—…์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ์žฅ์ ๊ณผ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ œ์‹œํ•ด์•ผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ ฅ์ด ์ƒ๊ธด๋‹ค.
When discussing the effect of urban agriculture, presenting benefits and conditions together creates persuasiveness. ๐Ÿง 
Answer
์„ค๋“ โ€” ์„ค๋“๋ ฅ means persuasive power.
J. ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋„์‹œ ๋†์—…์„ ๋งŒ๋Šฅ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ „๋žต์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
In the conclusion, urban agriculture can be framed not as a universal solution but as a supplementary strategy. ๐Ÿงญ
Answer
๋ณด์กฐ์  โ€” This final wording keeps the claim realistic and advanced.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ์ข์•„์ง€๋‹ค โ†’ to become narrow
  • ๋„“๋‹ค โ†’ to be broad
  • ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to strengthen
  • ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to supplement
  • ํ•œ๊ณ„ โ†’ limitation
  • ๋ชจ์ˆœ โ†’ contradiction
  • ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be maintained
  • ์ค„์ด๋‹ค โ†’ to reduce
  • ์„ค๋“๋ ฅ โ†’ persuasiveness
  • ๋ณด์กฐ์  โ†’ supplementary
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Final answers should avoid hype: acknowledge value, limits, and conditions together.
๐ŸŽ‰ You finished the full urban-agriculture set! Your next polished answer can grow roots in ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ, branches in ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์•ˆ๋ณด, and leaves in ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ nuance. ๐ŸŒณ