๐Ÿงญ

The Ultimate Objective of Social Policy

Agent Progress
Built
Keywords
์‚ฌํšŒ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๊ถ๊ทน์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์  / ๋ณต์ง€ ์ฆ์ง„ / ์ •์˜ ์‹คํ˜„ / ๊ฐ€์น˜
Lesson #
S
Done
Section
Advanced Vocabulary
๐ŸŽฏ
TL;DR ๐Ÿฆ„
  • ๐Ÿงญ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๊ถ๊ทน์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์  means the ultimate aim, direction, or guiding purpose of social policy.
  • โš–๏ธ The core value chain is ๋ณต์ง€ ์ฆ์ง„ (promoting welfare), ์ •์˜ ์‹คํ˜„ (realizing justice), and ๊ณต๊ณต ๊ฐ€์น˜ ๊ตฌํ˜„ (embodying public value).
  • ๐Ÿ”Ž In advanced Korean reading, these phrases usually point to the writerโ€™s thesis: not just what a policy does, but why it should exist.
๐ŸŽง
๐ŸŽง Iru Helper Note
Type any phrase from this lesson into
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
to hear it read aloud. For abstract noun phrases like ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๊ถ๊ทน์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์  (the ultimate aim of social policy), listen in meaning groups: ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ (of social policy) / ๊ถ๊ทน์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์  (ultimate aim). ๐ŸŽ™๏ธ
โš–๏ธ
TL;DR ๐Ÿฆ„
  • โš–๏ธ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๊ถ๊ทน์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์  means the ultimate aim or guiding direction of social policy.
  • ๐ŸŒฑ ๋ณต์ง€ ์ฆ์ง„ means improving welfare or well-being at the social level; it is more formal than โ€œhelping people.โ€
  • ๐Ÿงญ ์ •์˜ ์‹คํ˜„, ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด, and ๊ณต๊ณต ๊ฐ€์น˜ ๊ตฌํ˜„ help explain why policy matters, not only what it spends.
๐ŸŽง
๐ŸŽง Iru Helper Note
Paste phrases like ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๊ถ๊ทน์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์  (the ultimate aim of social policy), ๋ณต์ง€ ์ฆ์ง„๊ณผ ์ •์˜ ์‹คํ˜„ (welfare improvement and realization of justice), and ๊ณต๊ณต ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๋‹ค (to embody public value) into
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
. Long abstract phrases become much less scary when you hear the rhythm. Tiny policy dragon, big vocabulary wings. ๐Ÿ‰
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๐ŸŒˆ The Big Picture

Advanced Korean discussions of social policy rarely stop at โ€œthe government gives support.โ€ They ask a deeper question: What is the final purpose of policy? The phrase ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๊ถ๊ทน์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์  points to that highest aim or guiding direction. ๐Ÿงญ
In essays, debates, and reading passages, this topic often connects concrete measures to abstract values:

  • ์ •์˜ ์‹คํ˜„ โ€” realization of justice
  • ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด โ€” securing equity
  • ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ ์™„ํ™” โ€” reduction of inequality
  • ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์กด์—„์„ฑ ๋ณด์žฅ โ€” protection of human dignity
  • ๊ณต๊ณต ๊ฐ€์น˜ ๊ตฌํ˜„ โ€” embodiment of public value
A strong answer does not say only, โ€œPolicy helps people.โ€ It explains that social policy should stabilize lives, reduce structural inequality, protect rights, and make public values real through institutions. Very glamorous, very serious, and occasionally funded by a committee. ๐Ÿ›๏ธ

๐ŸŽจ The Core Social-Policy Value Family

1. ๊ถ๊ทน์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์  โ€” ultimate aim / final orientation ๐ŸŽฏ

  • ๋ณต์ง€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ถ๊ทน์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์  = the ultimate aim of a welfare state
  • ์ œ๋„์˜ ์ง€ํ–ฅ์ ์„ ์žฌ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋‹ค = to reexamine the aim of a system

2. ๋ณต์ง€ ์ฆ์ง„ โ€” promotion of welfare ๐ŸŒฑ

๋ณต์ง€ means welfare or well-being. ์ฆ์ง„ means improvement, promotion, or enhancement.
  • ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์˜ ๋ณต์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฆ์ง„ํ•˜๋‹ค = to improve citizensโ€™ welfare
  • ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๊ณผ ๋ณต์ง€ ์ฆ์ง„์„ ๋„๋ชจํ•˜๋‹ค = to pursue better quality of life and welfare improvement
  • ์ทจ์•ฝ ๊ณ„์ธต์˜ ์ƒํ™œ ์•ˆ์ •์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋‹ค = to support the living stability of vulnerable groups

3. ์ •์˜ ์‹คํ˜„ โ€” realization of justice โš–๏ธ

Here ์ •์˜ means justice, not definition. ์‹คํ˜„ means making something real.
  • ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ์‹คํ˜„ํ•˜๋‹ค = to realize social justice
  • ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ์‹คํ˜„ํ•˜๋‹ค = to realize distributive justice
  • ์ž์›์˜ ๊ณต์ •ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„ = fair distribution of resources

4. ๊ฐ€์น˜ โ€” value / principle ๐Ÿ’Ž

In academic writing, ๊ฐ€์น˜ usually means value or principle, not price.
๊ณต๊ณต ๊ฐ€์น˜ = public value
  • ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜ = social value
  • ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜ = democratic value
  • ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์  ๊ฐ€์น˜ = communal value
  • ๋ณดํŽธ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜ = universal value

๐Ÿ› ๏ธ How They Work in a Sentence

  1. ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๊ถ๊ทน์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์ ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์ง€์›์˜ ํ™•๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ = simple; ์ง€์›์˜ ํ™•๋Œ€ = expansion of support; ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ = quality of life.
  1. ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ •์ฑ…์€ ์ž์›์˜ ๊ณต์ •ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ์‹คํ˜„ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์ œ๋„์  ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด๋‹ค.
( Social policy is an institutional effort to realize justice through the fair distribution of resources. โš–๏ธ )
๋ฐฐ๋ถ„ = distribution; ์ œ๋„์  ๋…ธ๋ ฅ = institutional effort.
  1. ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ๋งŒ์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ์œผ๋ฉด ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์กด์—„์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋†“์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
( If efficiency alone is used as the standard, public values such as equity and human dignity may be missed. ๐Ÿงญ )
ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ = efficiency; ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ = equity; ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์กด์—„์„ฑ = human dignity.

๐Ÿงฉ General Formation Rule

Social-policy value sentences often use abstract noun + formal verb pairings:
  • ๋ณต์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฆ์ง„ํ•˜๋‹ค = to improve welfare

  • ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋‹ค = to secure equity
๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค = to reduce inequality
  • ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋‹ค = to guarantee rights
  • ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๋‹ค = to embody/realize values
A polished advanced pattern:
์‚ฌํšŒ ์ •์ฑ…์€ A์— ๊ทธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , B๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด C๋ฅผ ์‹คํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
( Social policy does not stop at A; its purpose lies in realizing C through B. โœจ )
There is no irregular conjugation rule here. The challenge is choosing the right formal collocation, not changing verb stems. ๐Ÿงฑ

๐Ÿ“š Cross-check note

The vocabulary meanings and formal usage patterns in this lesson were cross-checked against standard Korean public-language and dictionary resources from the National Institute of Korean Language / korean.go.kr, especially for ๊ถ๊ทน์ , ์ง€ํ–ฅ์ , ๋ณต์ง€, ์ฆ์ง„, ์ •์˜, ์‹คํ˜„, and ๊ฐ€์น˜. โœ…

๋ชฉํ‘œ (goal) vs. ์ง€ํ–ฅ์  (orientation/aim): ๋ชฉํ‘œ can be concrete; ์ง€ํ–ฅ์  often sounds broader and value-driven.

  • ์ง€์› (support) vs. ๋ณต์ง€ ์ฆ์ง„ (welfare improvement): ์ง€์› is an action; ๋ณต์ง€ ์ฆ์ง„ is a larger outcome.
  • ํ‰๋“ฑ (equality) vs. ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ (equity): ํ‰๋“ฑ stresses equal treatment; ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ stresses fair treatment based on need and context.
  • ์ •์˜ (justice) vs. ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ (fairness): ์ •์˜ is broader and more philosophical; ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ often describes fair procedures or treatment.
  • โš ๏ธ Pitfalls to Dodge
  • ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ ํ–ฅ์ƒ โ€” improvement of quality of life; more concrete and learner-friendly ๐Ÿก
  • โŒ ์ •์ฑ… = politics โ†’ โœ… In this context, ์ •์ฑ… means policy.
  • โŒ ๊ฐ€์น˜ = only price โ†’ โœ… In academic writing, it usually means value or principle.
  • โŒ ์ •์˜ ์‹คํ˜„ = definition realization โ†’ โœ… Here ์ •์˜ means justice.

โŒ ๊ถ๊ทน์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์  = a physical destination โ†’ โœ… It means a final aim, orientation, or guiding purpose.

Social policy vocabulary becomes powerful when concrete measures are connected to human values. The budget line is not the whole story; the value behind it is the plot twist. ๐Ÿ“šโœจ
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  • โŒ ๊ฐ€์น˜ = only price โ†’ โœ… In academic writing, ๊ฐ€์น˜ usually means value or principle. ๐Ÿ’Ž

    • 1. ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๊ถ๊ทน์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ์•ˆ์ •์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
      ( The ultimate aim of social policy lies in stabilizing membersโ€™ lives. ๐Ÿ  )
      Answer
      ์ง€ํ–ฅ์  โ€” ๊ถ๊ทน์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์  means ultimate aim or final orientation.
      2. ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์˜ ๋ณต์ง€๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์ด๋‹ค.
      ( Improving citizensโ€™ welfare is an important goal of social policy. ๐ŸŒฑ )
      Answer
      ์ฆ์ง„ โ€” ๋ณต์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฆ์ง„ํ•˜๋‹ค is the natural formal pairing.
      3. ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ •์ฑ…์€ ์ž์›์˜ ๊ณต์ •ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•œ๋‹ค.
      ( Social policy realizes justice through fair distribution of resources. โš–๏ธ )
      Answer
      ์‹คํ˜„ โ€” ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ์‹คํ˜„ํ•˜๋‹ค means to realize justice.
      4. ๋ณต์ง€ ์ œ๋„๋Š” ์ทจ์•ฝ ๊ณ„์ธต์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
      ( A welfare system should guarantee the rights of vulnerable groups. ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ )
      Answer
      ๋ณด์žฅ โ€” ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋‹ค is a fixed formal phrase.
      5. ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ๋งŒ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ๋†“์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
      ( If only efficiency is emphasized, social value may be missed. ๐Ÿ’Ž )
      Answer
      ๊ฐ€์น˜ โ€” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜ means social value.
      6. ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ •์ฑ…์€ ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค.
      ( Social policy contributes to reducing inequality. ๐Ÿ“‰ )
      Answer
      ์™„ํ™” โ€” ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค means to reduce or ease inequality.
      7. ๊ณต๊ณต ์ •์ฑ…์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ด์ต๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ณต๊ณต ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
      ( Public policy should consider public value more than individual benefit. ๐Ÿ›๏ธ )
      Answer
      ๊ฐ€์น˜ โ€” ๊ณต๊ณต ๊ฐ€์น˜ means public value.
      8. ์ข‹์€ ์ œ๋„๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ํ‰๋“ฑ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ๋‹ค.
      ( A good system considers not only equality of outcome but also equity. โš–๏ธ )
      Answer
      ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ โ€” ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ means equity or fairness according to context.
      9. ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ •์ฑ…์€ ์ผ์‹œ์  ์ง€์›์— ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์•Š๊ณ  ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
      ( Social policy should not stop at temporary support but address structural problems. ๐Ÿงฑ )
      Answer
      ๊ทธ์น˜์ง€ โ€” -์— ๊ทธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  means โ€œnot stopping at.โ€
      10. ์ •์ฑ… ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์กด์—„์„ฑ์˜ ๋ณด์žฅ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
      ( Policy evaluation must also consider whether human dignity is protected, not only cost. ๐Ÿงญ )
      Answer
      ๊ณ ๋ ค โ€” ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋‹ค means to consider whether something is the case.
      ๐Ÿ“š
      Vocabulary Box
      • ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ •์ฑ… โ†’ social policy
      • ๊ถ๊ทน์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์  โ†’ ultimate aim
      • ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์› โ†’ member
      • ์‚ถ์„ ์•ˆ์ •์‹œํ‚ค๋‹ค โ†’ to stabilize life
      • ๋ณต์ง€ ์ฆ์ง„ โ†’ welfare improvement
      • ์ž์› โ†’ resource
      • ๊ณต์ •ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„ โ†’ fair distribution
      • ์ •์˜ ์‹คํ˜„ โ†’ realization of justice
      • ์ทจ์•ฝ ๊ณ„์ธต โ†’ vulnerable group
      • ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ ๋ณด์žฅ โ†’ guarantee of rights
      • ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ ์™„ํ™” โ†’ reduction of inequality
      • ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ โ†’ equity
      Tip ๐Ÿ’ก First decide whether the sentence asks for a goal, value, justice word, or welfare outcome.
      ๐Ÿš€
      Want more reps? The Practice Hub below turns abstract policy values into confident sentence patterns.

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๐Ÿ“ฆ
๐ŸŽฏ Practice Hub โ€” The Ultimate Objective of Social Policy
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Welcome to the advanced vocabulary gym for ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๊ถ๊ทน์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์  (the ultimate aim of social policy). Youโ€™ll practice reading value-heavy policy sentences, choosing formal collocations, and separating thesis language from background description. Think of it as policy-speak Pilates: controlled, precise, and weirdly good for your essay posture. ๐Ÿง˜โ€โ™€๏ธ
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๐Ÿ”Š Audio reminder: Use
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
whenever you want to hear a phrase or full sentence.
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๐Ÿ“ Instructions: Complete each Korean sentence with the best academic word or phrase. Say the completed sentence aloud, check the English meaning, then open the Answer toggle for the collocation note.
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Exercise 1 โ€” Ultimate Aim Frames ๐Ÿงญ

A. ๊ต์œก ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๊ถ๊ทน์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์€ ํ‰๋“ฑํ•œ ๊ธฐํšŒ ๋ณด์žฅ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The ultimate aim of education policy lies in guaranteeing equal opportunity. ๐ŸŽ“
Answer
์ง€ํ–ฅ์  โ€” ๊ถ๊ทน์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์  marks the final orientation of a policy.
B. ๋ณต์ง€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ตœ์ข… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฏผ์˜ ์•ˆ์ •๋œ ์‚ถ์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
The final goal of the welfare state is to guarantee citizensโ€™ stable lives. ๐Ÿก
Answer
๋ชฉํ‘œ โ€” ์ตœ์ข… ๋ชฉํ‘œ is clearer and less abstract than ๊ถ๊ทน์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์ .
C. ๊ณต๊ณต ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The purpose of public policy lies not in mere management but in embodying social value. ๐Ÿ›๏ธ
Answer
๊ตฌํ˜„ โ€” ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๋‹ค means to embody or implement a value.
D. ์ œ๋„์˜ ๊ถ๊ทน์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์ ์€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The ultimate aim of a system lies in guaranteeing membersโ€™ rights. ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ
Answer
๋ณด์žฅ โ€” ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋‹ค is the natural collocation for guaranteeing rights.
E. ์ •์ฑ…์€ ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Policy should pursue long-term change rather than remain at short-term results. ๐ŸŒฑ
Answer
์ง€ํ–ฅ โ€” ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ง€ํ–ฅํ•˜๋‹ค means to aim for change.
F. ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ •์ฑ…์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ฑ…์ž„๋งŒ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ด€์ ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋…ผํ•œ๋‹ค.
Social policy goes beyond a view that emphasizes only individual responsibility and discusses the role of the community. ๐Ÿค
Answer
๋„˜์–ด โ€” A๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด B means going beyond A toward B.
G. ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์ง€ํ–ฅ์ ์€ ์ˆ˜์น˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
The aim of policy should be closer to improving quality of life than improving numbers. ๐Ÿ“Š
Answer
ํ–ฅ์ƒ โ€” ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ ํ–ฅ์ƒ is a common formal phrase.
H. ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์— ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
The meaning of social policy does not stop at cost calculation. ๐Ÿงฎ
Answer
๊ทธ์น˜์ง€ โ€” A์— ๊ทธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค means not to be limited to A.
I. ๋ณต์ง€ ์ •์ฑ…์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ์•ˆ์ •์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Welfare policy performs the function of stabilizing membersโ€™ lives. ๐Ÿ 
Answer
๊ธฐ๋Šฅ โ€” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋‹ค is formal for โ€œperform a function.โ€
J. ์ •์ฑ… ํ‰๊ฐ€์—์„œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋‹จ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ถ๊ทน์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ๋จผ์ € ํ™•์ธํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
In policy evaluation, one should first confirm the ultimate purpose rather than the means. ๐Ÿ”Ž
Answer
๋ชฉ์  โ€” ๊ถ๊ทน์  ๋ชฉ์  is a direct synonym of ultimate purpose.
Vocabulary Box
  • ๊ต์œก ์ •์ฑ… โ†’ education policy
  • ๊ถ๊ทน์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์  โ†’ ultimate aim
  • ํ‰๋“ฑํ•œ ๊ธฐํšŒ โ†’ equal opportunity
  • ์ตœ์ข… ๋ชฉํ‘œ โ†’ final goal
  • ๊ณต๊ณต ์ •์ฑ… โ†’ public policy
  • ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to embody / implement
  • ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ โ†’ rights
  • ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to guarantee
  • ์ง€ํ–ฅํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to aim for
  • ๋„˜๋‹ค โ†’ to go beyond
  • ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ ํ–ฅ์ƒ โ†’ improvement of quality of life
  • ๊ทธ์น˜๋‹ค โ†’ to stop at
  • ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to perform a function
  • ๊ถ๊ทน์  ๋ชฉ์  โ†’ ultimate purpose
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Aim-language often ends with -์— ์žˆ๋‹ค, -๋ฅผ ์ง€ํ–ฅํ•˜๋‹ค, or -๋ฅผ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋‹ค.

Exercise 2 โ€” Welfare Promotion Collocations ๐Ÿ›Ÿ

A. ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์˜ ๋ณต์ง€๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ฑ…์ž„์ด๋‹ค.
Promoting citizensโ€™ welfare is an important responsibility of the state. ๐Ÿ›๏ธ
Answer
์ฆ์ง„ โ€” ๋ณต์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฆ์ง„ํ•˜๋‹ค is the key collocation.
B. ์ทจ์•ฝ ๊ณ„์ธต์˜ ์ƒํ™œ ์•ˆ์ •์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ œ๋„๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
A system is needed to support the living stability of vulnerable groups. ๐Ÿงบ
Answer
์ง€์› โ€” ์ƒํ™œ ์•ˆ์ •์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋‹ค means to support life stability.
C. ๋ณต์ง€ ์ œ๋„๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ฐฐ์ œ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
The welfare system plays a role in easing social exclusion. ๐Ÿšช
Answer
์™„ํ™” โ€” ๋ฐฐ์ œ๋ฅผ ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค means to reduce exclusion.
D. ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์€ ๋ณต์ง€ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๋ชฉํ‘œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค.
Improving quality of life is one of the core goals of welfare policy. ๐Ÿก
Answer
ํ–ฅ์ƒ โ€” ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ ํ–ฅ์ƒ means improvement of quality of life.
E. ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ •์ฑ…์€ ๋นˆ๊ณค์˜ ์›์ธ์„ ๊ฐœ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•œ๋‹ค.
Social policy understands the cause of poverty as a structural problem, not an individual problem. ๐Ÿงฑ
Answer
ํŒŒ์•… โ€” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋‹ค means to understand or identify something as a problem.
F. ๊ณต๊ณต ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฏผ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์  ํ•„์š”๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ค๊ณ„๋œ๋‹ค.
Public services are designed to meet citizensโ€™ basic needs. ๐Ÿงฐ
Answer
์ถฉ์กฑ โ€” ํ•„์š”๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•˜๋‹ค means to meet needs.
G. ๋ณต์ง€ ์ •์ฑ…์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค.
Welfare policy contributes to securing the stability of social members. ๐Ÿ 
Answer
ํ™•๋ณด โ€” ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋‹ค means to secure stability.
H. ์ œ๋„์  ์ง€์›์€ ์œ„๊ธฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•œ๋‹ค.
Institutional support eases an individualโ€™s burden in a crisis. ๐ŸŒง๏ธ
Answer
์™„ํ™” โ€” ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค means to ease a burden.
I. ๋ณต์ง€ ์ฆ์ง„์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ํ˜„๊ธˆ ์ง€๊ธ‰์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋” ๋„“์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์•ˆ์ „๋ง์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ๋‹ค.
Welfare promotion goes beyond simple cash payments and includes a broader social safety net. ๐Ÿ•ธ๏ธ
Answer
๋„˜์–ด โ€” A๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด B๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋‹ค means to include B beyond A.
J. ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์•ˆ์ „๋ง์€ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์ด ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋•๋Š”๋‹ค.
A social safety net helps citizens maintain a minimum standard of life. ๐Ÿ›Ÿ
Answer
์œ ์ง€ โ€” ์‚ถ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋‹ค means to maintain life.
Vocabulary Box
  • ๊ตญ๋ฏผ โ†’ citizens / people of a nation
  • ๋ณต์ง€ โ†’ welfare / well-being
  • ์ฆ์ง„ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to promote / enhance
  • ์ทจ์•ฝ ๊ณ„์ธต โ†’ vulnerable groups
  • ์ƒํ™œ ์•ˆ์ • โ†’ life stability
  • ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to support
  • ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ฐฐ์ œ โ†’ social exclusion
  • ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to ease / reduce
  • ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ ํ–ฅ์ƒ โ†’ improved quality of life
  • ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ โ†’ structural problem
  • ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to understand / identify
  • ํ•„์š”๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to meet needs
  • ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to secure stability
  • ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์•ˆ์ „๋ง โ†’ social safety net
  • ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to maintain
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Welfare language often pairs a vulnerable group with a stabilizing verb: ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋‹ค, ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋‹ค, ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

Exercise 3 โ€” Justice and Equity โš–๏ธ

A. ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ •์ฑ…์€ ์ž์›์˜ ๊ณต์ •ํ•œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ์‹คํ˜„ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Social policy realizes justice through fair distribution of resources. โš–๏ธ
Answer
๋ฐฐ๋ถ„ โ€” ๊ณต์ •ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„ means fair distribution.
B. ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋Š” ๋ณต์ง€ ์ •์ฑ… ๋…ผ์˜์—์„œ ์ž์ฃผ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค.
Distributive justice often appears in discussions of welfare policy. ๐Ÿ“š
Answer
์ •์˜ โ€” ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ ์ •์˜ means distributive justice.
C. ์ ˆ์ฐจ์  ์ •์˜๋Š” ์ •์ฑ… ๊ฒฐ์ • ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•œ๋‹ค.
Procedural justice guarantees trust in the policy decision-making process. ๐Ÿ—ณ๏ธ
Answer
๋ณด์žฅ โ€” ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋‹ค means to guarantee trust.
D. ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
Equity is not giving everyone the same result, but considering differences. ๐Ÿ“
Answer
๊ณ ๋ ค โ€” ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋‹ค means to consider differences.
E. ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ •์˜์˜ ์‹คํ˜„์€ ์ œ๋„์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์—†์ด๋Š” ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค.
Realizing social justice is difficult without institutional effort. ๐Ÿ›๏ธ
Answer
๋…ธ๋ ฅ โ€” ์ œ๋„์  ๋…ธ๋ ฅ means institutional effort.
F. ์ •์ฑ…์€ ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑํ•œ ์ถœ๋ฐœ์„ ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Policy can become a device that corrects unequal starting lines. ๐Ÿ
Answer
๊ต์ • โ€” ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ๊ต์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค means to correct inequality.
G. ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์ด ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค.
Fairness makes social members trust a system. ๐Ÿค
Answer
์‹ ๋ขฐ โ€” ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•˜๋‹ค means to trust a system.
H. ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ ๋ณด์žฅ์€ ์ •์˜ ์‹คํ˜„์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋‹ค.
Guaranteeing rights is an important condition for realizing justice. ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ
Answer
์กฐ๊ฑด โ€” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด means important condition.
I. ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ •์ฑ…์€ ๊ธฐํšŒ์˜ ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋‘”๋‹ค.
Social policy focuses on reducing inequality of opportunity. ๐ŸŽ“
Answer
์™„ํ™” โ€” ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค means to reduce inequality.
J. ์ •์˜ ์‹คํ˜„์€ ์„ ์–ธ๋ณด๋‹ค ์‹ค์งˆ์  ์ œ๋„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค.
Realizing justice requires substantial institutional operation rather than declarations. โš™๏ธ
Answer
์šด์˜ โ€” ์ œ๋„ ์šด์˜ means operating a system.
Vocabulary Box
  • ์ž์› โ†’ resources
  • ๊ณต์ •ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„ โ†’ fair distribution
  • ์ •์˜ โ†’ justice
  • ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ ์ •์˜ โ†’ distributive justice
  • ์ ˆ์ฐจ์  ์ •์˜ โ†’ procedural justice
  • ์ •์ฑ… ๊ฒฐ์ • ๊ณผ์ • โ†’ policy decision-making process
  • ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to guarantee
  • ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ โ†’ equity
  • ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to consider
  • ์ œ๋„์  ๋…ธ๋ ฅ โ†’ institutional effort
  • ๊ต์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to correct
  • ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ โ†’ fairness
  • ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to trust
  • ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ ๋ณด์žฅ โ†’ rights guarantee
  • ์ œ๋„ ์šด์˜ โ†’ system operation
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก ์ •์˜ in policy passages often pairs with ์‹คํ˜„ํ•˜๋‹ค, ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋‹ค, ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„, and ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ.

Exercise 4 โ€” Value, Dignity, and Public Purpose ๐Ÿ’Ž

A. ๊ณต๊ณต ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ „์ฒด์— ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚จ๋‹ค.
Public value refers to the meaning a policy provides to society as a whole. ๐Ÿ›๏ธ
Answer
๊ฐ€์น˜ โ€” ๊ณต๊ณต ๊ฐ€์น˜ means public value.
B. ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์€ ๋ณต์ง€ ์ •์ฑ…์ด ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์›์น™์ด๋‹ค.
Human dignity is a core principle that welfare policy must protect. ๐Ÿ•Š๏ธ
Answer
์กด์—„์„ฑ โ€” ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์กด์—„์„ฑ means human dignity.
C. ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๋Š” ์‹œ์žฅ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค.
Social value is difficult to measure by market price. ๐Ÿ’ฐ
Answer
์ธก์ • โ€” ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค means to measure value.
D. ์ •์ฑ…์€ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Policy must consider both efficiency and equity. โš–๏ธ
Answer
๊ณ ๋ ค โ€” ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋‹ค means to consider together.
E. ๋ณดํŽธ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์ง‘๋‹จ์—๋งŒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
Universal value is not limited only to a specific group. ๐ŸŒ
Answer
ํ•œ์ • โ€” ํ•œ์ •๋˜๋‹ค means to be limited.
F. ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฏผ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•œ๋‹ค.
Democratic value emphasizes citizen participation. ๐Ÿ—ณ๏ธ
Answer
๊ฐ•์กฐ โ€” ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋‹ค means to emphasize participation.
G. ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ด์ต๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•œ๋‹ค.
Communal value connects individual interest and social responsibility. ๐Ÿค
Answer
์—ฐ๊ฒฐ โ€” A์™€ B๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋‹ค means to connect A and B.
H. ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ ์‚ถ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋  ๋•Œ ์„ค๋“๋ ฅ์„ ์–ป๋Š”๋‹ค.
A policyโ€™s value gains persuasiveness when it is realized as change in real life. ๐ŸŒฑ
Answer
์‹คํ˜„ โ€” ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์‹คํ˜„๋˜๋‹ค means a value is realized.
I. ๊ณต๊ณต ๊ฐ€์น˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์ด ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ๋‹ค.
Public value is related to principles shared by members of society. ๐Ÿ“œ
Answer
์›์น™ โ€” ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ์›์น™ means shared principles.
J. ๋ณต์ง€ ์ •์ฑ…์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์กด์—„์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์‹œ๋„์ด๋‹ค.
Welfare policy is an attempt to institutionally embody human dignity. ๐Ÿ›๏ธ
Answer
๊ตฌํ˜„ โ€” ์ œ๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๋‹ค means to embody institutionally.
Vocabulary Box
  • ๊ณต๊ณต ๊ฐ€์น˜ โ†’ public value
  • ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ „์ฒด โ†’ society as a whole
  • ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์กด์—„์„ฑ โ†’ human dignity
  • ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์›์น™ โ†’ core principle
  • ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜ โ†’ social value
  • ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to measure
  • ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ โ†’ efficiency
  • ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ โ†’ equity
  • ๋ณดํŽธ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜ โ†’ universal value
  • ํ•œ์ •๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be limited
  • ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜ โ†’ democratic value
  • ์‹œ๋ฏผ ์ฐธ์—ฌ โ†’ citizen participation
  • ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์  ๊ฐ€์น˜ โ†’ communal value
  • ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ฑ…์ž„ โ†’ social responsibility
  • ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to embody / implement
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก When ๊ฐ€์น˜ appears in policy writing, ask: โ€œIs this about money, or about a principle?โ€ Usually, it is a principle.

Exercise 5 โ€” Mixed Mastery + Pitfall Patrol ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ

A. ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๊ถ๊ทน์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์ ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ํ–‰์ • ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
The ultimate aim of social policy does not stop at simple administrative management. ๐Ÿงพ
Answer
๊ทธ์น˜์ง€ โ€” โŒ Treating policy as mere management โ†’ โœ… Read ๊ถ๊ทน์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์  as a broader purpose signal.
B. ์ •์ฑ…์€ ์ •์น˜์  ๊ตฌํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ์ œ๋„ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•œ๋‹ค.
Policy requires concrete institutional design, not political slogans. ๐Ÿ—๏ธ
Answer
์š”๊ตฌ โ€” โŒ ์ •์ฑ… as โ€œpoliticsโ€ โ†’ โœ… Here it means policy, a practical plan or system.
C. ์ •์˜ ์‹คํ˜„์—์„œ ์ •์˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ „์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๋‹ค.
In โ€œrealizing justice,โ€ ์ •์˜ is not dictionary definition but a matter of fairness. ๐Ÿ“–
Answer
์ •์˜ โ€” โŒ โ€œdefinition realizationโ€ โ†’ โœ… ์ •์˜ can mean definition or justice; context decides.
D. ๊ฐ€์น˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๋ณด๋‹ค ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ๋œปํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Value can mean a principle that society regards as important rather than price. ๐Ÿ’Ž
Answer
์›์น™ โ€” โŒ ๊ฐ€์น˜ = only price โ†’ โœ… In abstract writing, it usually means value/principle.
E. ๋ณต์ง€ ์ฆ์ง„์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ˆ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
Welfare promotion is not explained only as the act of giving money to individuals. ๐Ÿ’ธ
Answer
์„ค๋ช… โ€” โŒ โ€œhelping peopleโ€ only โ†’ โœ… ๋ณต์ง€ ์ฆ์ง„ includes institutional welfare improvement.
F. ๊ถ๊ทน์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์ ์€ ์‹ค์ œ ์žฅ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ •์ฑ…์ด ํ–ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด๋‹ค.
An ultimate aim is not an actual place but an abstract purpose toward which policy is directed. ๐Ÿงญ
Answer
์ถ”์ƒ์  โ€” โŒ physical destination โ†’ โœ… abstract aim or orientation.
G. ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ •์ฑ…์€ ๋ณต์ง€ ์ฆ์ง„๊ณผ ์ •์˜ ์‹คํ˜„์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Social policy can pursue welfare promotion and justice realization at the same time. ๐Ÿ›Ÿ
Answer
์ถ”๊ตฌ โ€” ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋‹ค means to pursue a goal.
H. ๊ณต๊ณต ๊ฐ€์น˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ด์ต์„ ๋„˜์–ด ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜ ์ด์ต์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•œ๋‹ค.
Public value emphasizes the communityโ€™s interest beyond individual interest. ๐Ÿค
Answer
๊ฐ•์กฐ โ€” ์ด์ต์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋‹ค means to emphasize an interest.
I. ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด๋Š” ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ ์™„ํ™”์™€ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Securing equity is closely connected to reducing inequality. ๐Ÿ”—
Answer
์—ฐ๊ฒฐ โ€” ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค means to be closely connected.
J. ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฏผ์˜ ์‚ถ์—์„œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋  ๋•Œ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•ด์ง„๋‹ค.
The value of social policy becomes clear when it is actually realized in citizensโ€™ lives. ๐ŸŒฑ
Answer
์‹คํ˜„ โ€” Final compass check: ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์‹คํ˜„๋˜๋‹ค means a value becomes real in practice.
Vocabulary Box
  • ํ–‰์ • ๊ด€๋ฆฌ โ†’ administrative management
  • ๊ทธ์น˜๋‹ค โ†’ to stop at
  • ์ •์น˜์  ๊ตฌํ˜ธ โ†’ political slogan
  • ์ œ๋„ ์„ค๊ณ„ โ†’ institutional design
  • ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to require
  • ์‚ฌ์ „์  ์ •์˜ โ†’ dictionary definition
  • ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ โ†’ fairness
  • ์›์น™ โ†’ principle
  • ์„ค๋ช…๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be explained
  • ์ถ”์ƒ์  โ†’ abstract
  • ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to pursue
  • ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to emphasize
  • ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be connected
  • ์‹คํ˜„๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be realized
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Pitfall patrol: ์ •์ฑ… is policy, ์ •์˜ is justice in this phrase, and ๊ฐ€์น˜ is usually principle, not price.
ย 
๐ŸŽ‰ Excellent work. You can now read social-policy vocabulary as an argument map: ๊ถ๊ทน์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์  points to purpose, ๋ณต์ง€ ์ฆ์ง„ names the welfare goal, ์ •์˜ ์‹คํ˜„ names the justice goal, and ๊ณต๊ณต ๊ฐ€์น˜ explains why the whole thing matters. ๐Ÿงญโš–๏ธ๐Ÿ’Ž
๐Ÿ“ฆ
๐ŸŽฏ Practice Hub โ€” The Ultimate Objective of Social Policy
ย 
Welcome to the social-policy value gym. โš–๏ธ Todayโ€™s workout turns big nouns like ๋ณต์ง€, ์ •์˜, ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ, and ๊ณต๊ณต ๊ฐ€์น˜ into clean Korean analysis. No vague โ€œpolicy is goodโ€ fluff allowed. We are giving every sentence a spine. ๐Ÿฆด
ย 
๐Ÿ”Š Audio reminder: Use
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
to hear long abstract phrases before you repeat them.
ย 
๐Ÿ“ Instructions: Complete each sentence with the best Korean expression, then open the Answer toggle. Focus on the role of the missing phrase: final aim, welfare outcome, justice value, or policy evaluation.
ย 

Exercise 1 โ€” Ultimate Aims ๐ŸŽฏ

A. ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๊ถ๊ทน์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์€ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ์•ˆ์ •์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
( The ultimate aim of social policy lies in stabilizing citizensโ€™ lives. ๐Ÿ  )
Answer
์ง€ํ–ฅ์  โ€” ๊ถ๊ทน์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์  is the main target phrase.
B. ๋ณต์ง€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์ง€์›๋ณด๋‹ค ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์กด์—„์„ฑ ๋ณด์žฅ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•œ๋‹ค.
( A welfare state aims for the protection of human dignity beyond simple support. ๐ŸŒฑ )
Answer
์ง€ํ–ฅ โ€” -์„ ์ง€ํ–ฅํ•˜๋‹ค means to aim toward or pursue.
C. ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๋น„์šฉ ์ ˆ๊ฐ์— ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์•Š๊ณ  ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์žฅ๋œ๋‹ค.
( The purpose of policy does not stop at cost reduction but expands to improving quality of life. ๐Ÿ“ˆ )
Answer
๊ทธ์น˜์ง€ โ€” -์— ๊ทธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  makes a deeper-goal contrast.
D. ๊ต์œก ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์ง€ํ–ฅ์ ์€ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‹œ๋ฏผ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค.
( The aim of education policy lies not in intensifying competition but in developing civic capacity. ๐ŸŽ“ )
Answer
ํ•จ์–‘ โ€” ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ•จ์–‘ํ•˜๋‹ค means to cultivate capacity.
E. ์ •์ฑ… ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋…ผํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ณด๋‹ค ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ๋ณด์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
( When discussing policy goals, long-term direction should be considered more than short-term performance. ๐Ÿงญ )
Answer
๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ โ€” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ means direction or orientation.
F. ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ •์ฑ…์€ ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•œ๋‹ค.
( Social policy supplements market limits and pursues community stability. ๐Ÿค )
Answer
์ถ”๊ตฌ โ€” ์•ˆ์ •์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋‹ค means to pursue stability.
G. ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์ฑ…์€ ์ œ๋„์˜ ์กด์žฌ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
( Ultimately, policy should make the reason for a systemโ€™s existence clear. ๐Ÿ”Ž )
Answer
๋ถ„๋ช… โ€” ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋‹ค means to make clear.
H. ๊ณต๊ณต ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์ง€ํ–ฅ์ ์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ด์ต๊ณผ ๊ณต์ต ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
( The aim of public policy lies in maintaining balance between individual benefit and public interest. โš–๏ธ )
Answer
์œ ์ง€ โ€” ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋‹ค means to maintain balance.
I. ์ •์ฑ… ๋…ผ์˜๋Š” โ€œ์–ผ๋งˆ๋ฅผ ์ง€์›ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€โ€๋ณด๋‹ค โ€œ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€โ€๋ฅผ ๋ฌผ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
( Policy discussion should ask โ€œwhat value will be realized?โ€ more than โ€œhow much will be supported?โ€ ๐Ÿ’Ž )
Answer
์‹คํ˜„ โ€” ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์‹คํ˜„ํ•˜๋‹ค is a key formal phrase.
J. ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์ตœ์ข… ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์ด ์ธ๊ฐ„๋‹ค์šด ์‚ถ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
( The final purpose of social policy is to enable members of society to live a dignified life. ๐Ÿง‘ )
Answer
๋ˆ„๋ฆด โ€” ์‚ถ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ๋‹ค means to enjoy or have a certain life.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ๊ถ๊ทน์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์  โ†’ ultimate aim
  • ๋ณต์ง€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ โ†’ welfare state
  • ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์กด์—„์„ฑ โ†’ human dignity
  • ์ง€ํ–ฅํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to aim toward
  • ๋น„์šฉ ์ ˆ๊ฐ โ†’ cost reduction
  • ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ ํ–ฅ์ƒ โ†’ improvement of quality of life
  • ์‹œ๋ฏผ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ โ†’ civic capacity
  • ํ•จ์–‘ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to cultivate
  • ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ โ†’ direction
  • ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜ ์•ˆ์ • โ†’ community stability
  • ๊ณต์ต โ†’ public interest
  • ์ธ๊ฐ„๋‹ค์šด ์‚ถ โ†’ dignified life
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Aim sentences often use -์— ์žˆ๋‹ค, ์ง€ํ–ฅํ•˜๋‹ค, or ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋‹ค.
ย 

Exercise 2 โ€” Welfare and Rights ๐ŸŒฑ

A. ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ •์ฑ…์€ ์ทจ์•ฝ ๊ณ„์ธต์˜ ์ƒํ™œ ์•ˆ์ •์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•œ๋‹ค.
( Social policy supports the living stability of vulnerable groups. ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ )
Answer
์ง€์› โ€” ์ƒํ™œ ์•ˆ์ •์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋‹ค is natural.
B. ๋ณต์ง€ ์ œ๋„๋Š” ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
( A welfare system functions to improve citizensโ€™ quality of life. ๐Ÿ“ˆ )
Answer
ํ–ฅ์ƒ โ€” ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒํ•˜๋‹ค means to improve quality of life.
C. ์•„๋™ ๋ณต์ง€๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋‘”๋‹ค.
( Child welfare focuses on guaranteeing basic rights. ๐Ÿง’ )
Answer
๋ณด์žฅ โ€” ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋‹ค is the key phrase.
D. ๋ณต์ง€ ์ฆ์ง„์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ํ˜„๊ธˆ ์ง€์›๋ณด๋‹ค ๋„“์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋‹ค.
( Welfare improvement is a broader concept than simple cash support. ๐Ÿ’ฐ )
Answer
๊ฐœ๋… โ€” ๋„“์€ ๊ฐœ๋… means a broader concept.
E. ๋…ธ์ธ ๋ณต์ง€ ์ •์ฑ…์€ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์†Œ๋“ ๋ณด์žฅ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
( Elderly welfare policy should consider both medical access and income security. ๐Ÿฅ )
Answer
๊ณ ๋ ค โ€” ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋‹ค means to consider together.
F. ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์•ฝ์ž์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋  ๋•Œ ๋ณต์ง€์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์ง„๋‹ค.
( When the rights of socially vulnerable people are protected, the meaning of welfare becomes clearer. ๐Ÿ”Ž )
Answer
๋ถ„๋ช… โ€” ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•ด์ง€๋‹ค means to become clear.
G. ์ •์ฑ…์€ ๋นˆ๊ณค์„ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ฑ…์ž„์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค.
( Policy should not interpret poverty only as individual responsibility. ๐Ÿงฑ )
Answer
ํ•ด์„ โ€” -์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๋‹ค means to interpret as.
H. ๋ณต์ง€ ์ œ๋„๋Š” ์œ„๊ธฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์‚ถ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „๋ง์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•œ๋‹ค.
( A welfare system provides a safety net for life in times of crisis. ๐Ÿ•ธ๏ธ )
Answer
์ œ๊ณต โ€” ์•ˆ์ „๋ง์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋‹ค is natural.
I. ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ์ด๋™๊ถŒ ๋ณด์žฅ์€ ๋ณต์ง€ ์ฆ์ง„์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋‹ค.
( Guaranteeing mobility rights for people with disabilities is an important condition of welfare improvement. โ™ฟ )
Answer
์กฐ๊ฑด โ€” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด means important condition.
J. ๋ณต์ง€ ์ •์ฑ…์€ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ž๋ฆฝ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ์‚ผ๋Š”๋‹ค.
( Welfare policy aims not only at protection but also at strengthening self-reliance capacity. ๐ŸŒฑ )
Answer
๊ฐ•ํ™” โ€” ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ•ํ™” means capacity strengthening.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ์ทจ์•ฝ ๊ณ„์ธต โ†’ vulnerable groups
  • ์ƒํ™œ ์•ˆ์ • โ†’ living stability
  • ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ โ†’ quality of life
  • ํ–ฅ์ƒํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to improve
  • ์•„๋™ ๋ณต์ง€ โ†’ child welfare
  • ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ โ†’ basic rights
  • ํ˜„๊ธˆ ์ง€์› โ†’ cash support
  • ์˜๋ฃŒ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ โ†’ medical access
  • ์†Œ๋“ ๋ณด์žฅ โ†’ income security
  • ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์•ฝ์ž โ†’ socially vulnerable people
  • ๋นˆ๊ณค โ†’ poverty
  • ์•ˆ์ „๋ง โ†’ safety net
  • ์ด๋™๊ถŒ โ†’ mobility rights
  • ์ž๋ฆฝ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ โ†’ self-reliance capacity
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Welfare vocabulary becomes stronger when it connects support to rights, stability, and capacity.
ย 

Exercise 3 โ€” Justice, Equity, and Distribution โš–๏ธ

A. ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์ž์›์˜ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
( To realize social justice, we must examine the way resources are distributed. ๐Ÿ” )
Answer
์‹คํ˜„ โ€” ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ์‹คํ˜„ํ•˜๋‹ค is the target pairing.
B. ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ง€์›์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
( Identical support does not always produce an equitable result. โš–๏ธ )
Answer
ํ˜•ํ‰ โ€” ํ˜•ํ‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ means an equitable result.
C. ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ ์ •์˜๋Š” ์ž์›์ด ๊ณต์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋˜๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฌป๋Š”๋‹ค.
( Distributive justice asks whether resources are fairly distributed. ๐Ÿ“ฆ )
Answer
๋ฐฐ๋ถ„ โ€” ์ž์›์ด ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„๋˜๋‹ค means resources are distributed.
D. ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
( To reduce inequality, access to education and healthcare must be increased. ๐Ÿฅ )
Answer
์™„ํ™” โ€” ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค means to reduce inequality.
E. ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ•„์š”๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
( Equity is not giving everyone the same thing but reflecting need. ๐Ÿงญ )
Answer
๋ฐ˜์˜ โ€” ํ•„์š”๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋‹ค means to reflect need.
F. ์ ˆ์ฐจ์  ์ •์˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ • ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ฑ์„ ์ค‘์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค.
( Procedural justice values fairness in the decision-making process. ๐Ÿ›๏ธ )
Answer
๊ณต์ • โ€” ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ means fairness.
G. ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ •์ฑ…์€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
( Social policy should be designed in a direction that corrects structural discrimination. ๐Ÿงฑ )
Answer
์‹œ์ • โ€” ์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ ์‹œ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค means to correct discrimination.
H. ์†Œ๋“ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์ปค์ง€๋ฉด ์‚ฌํšŒ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
( If income gaps grow, social integration can be weakened. ๐Ÿ“‰ )
Answer
์•ฝํ™” โ€” ์‚ฌํšŒ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์ด ์•ฝํ™”๋˜๋‹ค means social integration weakens.
I. ์ •์˜๋กœ์šด ์ •์ฑ…์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ๋„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•œ๋‹ค.
( A just policy also emphasizes the legitimacy of the process, not only the result. ๐Ÿง‘โ€โš–๏ธ )
Answer
๊ฐ•์กฐ โ€” ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋‹ค means to emphasize legitimacy.
J. ๋ณต์ง€ ์ œ๋„๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๊ฐœ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ๋งŒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ํ•œ๋‹ค.
( Welfare systems prevent social risks from being shifted only onto individuals. ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ )
Answer
์ „๊ฐ€ โ€” ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์ „๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋‹ค means to shift or pass on risk.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ •์˜ โ†’ social justice
  • ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ ์ •์˜ โ†’ distributive justice
  • ์ž์› ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„ โ†’ resource distribution
  • ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ โ†’ equity
  • ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ง€์› โ†’ identical support
  • ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ โ†’ fairness
  • ์ ˆ์ฐจ์  ์ •์˜ โ†’ procedural justice
  • ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ์ฐจ๋ณ„ โ†’ structural discrimination
  • ์‹œ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to correct
  • ์†Œ๋“ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ โ†’ income gap
  • ์‚ฌํšŒ ํ†ตํ•ฉ โ†’ social integration
  • ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ โ†’ legitimacy
  • ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์ „๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to shift risk
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Justice sentences often ask who receives what, by what process, and under what principle.
ย 

Exercise 4 โ€” Public Value and Evaluation ๐Ÿ’Ž

A. ์ •์ฑ… ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ณต๊ณต ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
( Policy evaluation should look not only at budget size but also at public value. ๐Ÿ’ฐ )
Answer
๊ฐ€์น˜ โ€” ๊ณต๊ณต ๊ฐ€์น˜ means public value.
B. ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ •์ฑ…์€ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
( Social policy should consider efficiency and equity together. โš–๏ธ )
Answer
๊ณ ๋ ค โ€” ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋‹ค is natural.
C. ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๋Š” ์ •์ฑ… ๊ฒฐ์ • ๊ณผ์ •์— ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
( Democratic values should be reflected in the policy-making process. ๐Ÿ—ณ๏ธ )
Answer
๋ฐ˜์˜ โ€” ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜์˜๋˜๋‹ค means values are reflected.
D. ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์‹ ๋ขฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
( To realize communal values, social trust is necessary. ๐Ÿค )
Answer
๊ตฌํ˜„ โ€” ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๋‹ค means to embody or realize values.
E. ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์น˜๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค.
( Policy performance cannot be evaluated only by numbers. ๐Ÿ“Š )
Answer
ํ‰๊ฐ€ โ€” ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜๋‹ค means performance is evaluated.
F. ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์  ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์€ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ฐ€์น˜์™€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
( Short-term efficiency can conflict with long-term social value. โšก )
Answer
์ถฉ๋Œ โ€” ๊ฐ€์น˜์™€ ์ถฉ๋Œํ•˜๋‹ค means to conflict with a value.
G. ์ •์ฑ…์€ ์ทจ์•ฝํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์ œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
( Policy should have inclusiveness that does not exclude vulnerable people. ๐Ÿซถ )
Answer
ํฌ์šฉ โ€” ํฌ์šฉ์„ฑ means inclusiveness.
H. ๊ณต๊ณต ๊ฐ€์น˜์˜ ๊ตฌํ˜„์€ ์ œ๋„์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ธ๋‹ค.
( Embodying public value increases the legitimacy of the system. ๐Ÿ›๏ธ )
Answer
์ •๋‹น โ€” ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ means legitimacy.
I. ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ •์ฑ…์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ํšจ๊ณผ์™€ ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
( Social policy must interpret economic effects and ethical meaning together. ๐Ÿง  )
Answer
ํ•ด์„ โ€” ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๋‹ค fits analytical writing.
J. ๊ฐ€์น˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” โ€œ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์‹ผ๊ฐ€โ€๋ณด๋‹ค โ€œ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€โ€๋ฅผ ๋ฌป๋Š”๋‹ค.
( Value-centered evaluation asks โ€œwhat is protected?โ€ rather than โ€œhow cheap is it?โ€ ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ )
Answer
๋ณดํ˜ธ โ€” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€ asks what is being protected.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ์ •์ฑ… ํ‰๊ฐ€ โ†’ policy evaluation
  • ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ๊ทœ๋ชจ โ†’ budget size
  • ๊ณต๊ณต ๊ฐ€์น˜ โ†’ public value
  • ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ โ†’ efficiency
  • ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜ โ†’ democratic value
  • ์ •์ฑ… ๊ฒฐ์ • ๊ณผ์ • โ†’ policy-making process
  • ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์  ๊ฐ€์น˜ โ†’ communal value
  • ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์‹ ๋ขฐ โ†’ social trust
  • ์„ฑ๊ณผ โ†’ performance/outcome
  • ์ถฉ๋Œํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to conflict
  • ํฌ์šฉ์„ฑ โ†’ inclusiveness
  • ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ โ†’ legitimacy
  • ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ์˜๋ฏธ โ†’ ethical meaning
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Evaluation vocabulary asks which values policy protects, reflects, or sacrifices.
ย 

Exercise 5 โ€” Mixed Mastery + Pitfall Patrol ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ

A. โŒ ์ •์ฑ…์€ ์ •์น˜ ์‹ธ์›€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โœ… ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ •์ฑ…์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
( Fix the meaning: here, policy is a plan or measure for solving social problems. ๐Ÿงฐ )
Answer
๋ฐฉ์•ˆ โ€” ์ •์ฑ… here means policy, not partisan politics.
B. โŒ ์ •์˜ ์‹คํ˜„์€ ๋œปํ’€์ด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โœ… ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ •์˜๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
( Fix the meaning: here, justice is meant. โš–๏ธ )
Answer
justice / ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ •์˜ โ€” In ์ •์˜ ์‹คํ˜„, ์ •์˜ means justice; a Korean answer can be ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ •์˜.
C. โŒ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋น„์‹ธ๋‹ค. โœ… ๊ณต๊ณต ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๋‹ค.
( Fix the academic meaning: embody public value. ๐Ÿ’Ž )
Answer
๊ฐ€์น˜ โ€” In academic policy writing, ๊ฐ€์น˜ means value/principle, not price.
D. ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ •์ฑ…์€ ์ง€์› ํ™•๋Œ€์— ๊ทธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
( Social policy should not stop at expanding support but should reduce inequality. ๐Ÿ“‰ )
Answer
์™„ํ™” โ€” ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค is precise and formal.
E. ๋ณต์ง€ ์ฆ์ง„์€ ์ทจ์•ฝ ๊ณ„์ธต์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ๋‹ค.
( Welfare improvement is connected to improving the quality of life of vulnerable groups. ๐ŸŒฑ )
Answer
ํ–ฅ์ƒ โ€” ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ ํ–ฅ์ƒ is a key phrase.
F. ์ข‹์€ ์ •์ฑ…์€ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ฑ๋„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ๋‹ค.
( Good policy considers not only efficiency but also equity. โš–๏ธ )
Answer
ํ˜•ํ‰ โ€” ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ means equity.
G. ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๊ถ๊ทน์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์ ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„๋‹ค์šด ์‚ถ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
( The ultimate aim of social policy lies in guaranteeing a dignified life. ๐Ÿง‘ )
Answer
๋ณด์žฅ โ€” ์‚ถ์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋‹ค means to guarantee a life or living conditions.
H. ์ž์›์˜ ๊ณต์ •ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„์€ ์ •์˜ ์‹คํ˜„์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋‹ค.
( Fair distribution of resources is a core condition for realizing justice. ๐Ÿ“ฆ )
Answer
์กฐ๊ฑด โ€” ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์กฐ๊ฑด means core condition.
I. ์ •์ฑ… ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
( Policy evaluation should address not only cost and effect but also ethical meaning. ๐Ÿง  )
Answer
์˜๋ฏธ โ€” ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ์˜๋ฏธ makes the evaluation value-centered.
J. ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ •์ฑ…์€ ๋ณต์ง€ ์ฆ์ง„, ์ •์˜ ์‹คํ˜„, ๊ณต๊ณต ๊ฐ€์น˜ ๊ตฌํ˜„์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•œ๋‹ค.
( Social policy pursues welfare improvement, realization of justice, and embodiment of public value together. ๐Ÿ›๏ธ )
Answer
์ถ”๊ตฌ โ€” ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋‹ค and ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋‹ค are formal pairings.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ โ†’ measure, plan, solution
  • ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ โ†’ social problem
  • ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ •์˜ โ†’ social justice
  • ๊ณต๊ณต ๊ฐ€์น˜ โ†’ public value
  • ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to embody, realize
  • ์ง€์› ํ™•๋Œ€ โ†’ expansion of support
  • ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ ์™„ํ™” โ†’ inequality reduction
  • ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ ํ–ฅ์ƒ โ†’ quality-of-life improvement
  • ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ โ†’ equity
  • ์ธ๊ฐ„๋‹ค์šด ์‚ถ โ†’ dignified life
  • ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์กฐ๊ฑด โ†’ core condition
  • ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ์˜๋ฏธ โ†’ ethical meaning
  • ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to pursue
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Pitfall patrol: translate abstract nouns by context, not by the first dictionary meaning that jumps out wearing a tiny hat.
ย 
๐ŸŽ‰ Excellent work. You can now explain social policy as more than support: it is a value-driven effort to improve welfare, realize justice, secure equity, and embody public value. That is the kind of Korean that walks into an essay with a briefcase. ๐Ÿ’ผโœจ