๐Ÿ“

To the point of: -(์œผ)ใ„น ๋งŒํผ

Keywords
๋งŒํผ
Lesson #
S
Done
Section
Intermediate Grammar
๐ŸŽฏ
TL;DR ๐Ÿฆ„
  • -(์œผ)ใ„น ๋งŒํผ [-(eu)l man-keum] means to the point that..., enough to..., or so... that...
  • It describes a degree/extent: sleepy enough to fall asleep standing up, busy enough to skip lunch, good enough to recommend.
  • Important spacing: after a verb/adjective modifier, write ๋งŒํผ separately: โœ… ๋จน์„ ๋งŒํผ, โœ… ์šธ ๋งŒํผ, โœ… ๋ฏฟ์„ ๋งŒํผ.
๐Ÿ”Š
๐ŸŽง Iru Helper Note โ€” Use
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
to hear ์šธ ๋งŒํผ, ๋ฏฟ์„ ๋งŒํผ, ์ฐธ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๋งŒํผ, ์ถ”์ฒœํ•  ๋งŒํผ, and ๋จน์„ ๋งŒํผ. Listen for the tiny pause before ๋งŒํผ; this helps you remember the spacing. ๐ŸŽง
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๐ŸŒˆ The Big Picture

๋งŒํผ means amount, degree, or extent.
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When it follows a verb/adjective modifier like -(์œผ)ใ„น, it often means:
  • โ€œenough to...โ€
  • โ€œto the point of...โ€
  • โ€œso... that...โ€
  • โ€œas much as one can/will...โ€
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Examples:
  • ๋ˆˆ๋ฌผ์ด ๋‚  ๋งŒํผ ๊ฐ๋™์ ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
    • [nun-mu-ri nal man-keum gam-dong-jeo-gi-eo-sseo-yo] โ€” It was moving enough to make me cry. ๐Ÿฅน
      ๋ˆˆ๋ฌผ = tears; ๋‚˜๋‹ค = to come out; ๊ฐ๋™์ ์ด๋‹ค = to be moving.
  • ๋ฏฟ์„ ๋งŒํผ ์ข‹์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์—์š”.
    • [mi-deul man-keum jo-eun sa-ra-mi-e-yo] โ€” They are a good enough person to trust. ๐Ÿค
      ๋ฏฟ๋‹ค = to trust; ์ข‹์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ = good person.
  • ๋จน์„ ๋งŒํผ๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”.
    • [meo-geul man-keum-man ga-jyeo-ga-se-yo] โ€” Please take only as much as you will eat. ๐Ÿฝ๏ธ
      ๋จน๋‹ค = to eat; ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€๋‹ค = to take.
ย 
The key feeling: the first part sets the size of the degree. How moving? Enough to cry. How much food? As much as you will eat. How good? Enough to recommend. ๐Ÿ“

๐ŸŽจ The Core -(์œผ)ใ„น ๋งŒํผ Family

1. Vowel stem + ใ„น ๋งŒํผ

Use this when the verb/adjective stem ends in a vowel.
  • ๊ฐ€๋‹ค [ga-da] โ€” to go โ†’ ๊ฐˆ ๋งŒํผ โ€” enough to go / to the extent one will go
  • ๋ณด๋‹ค [bo-da] โ€” to see/watch โ†’ ๋ณผ ๋งŒํผ โ€” enough to see / as much as one will see
  • ํฌ๋‹ค [keu-da] โ€” to be big โ†’ ํด ๋งŒํผ โ€” enough to be big / to that large extent
  • ๋ฐ”์˜๋‹ค [ba-ppeu-da] โ€” to be busy โ†’ ๋ฐ”์  ๋งŒํผ โ€” to the point of being busy
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2. Consonant stem + ์„ ๋งŒํผ

Use this when the stem ends in a consonant.
  • ๋จน๋‹ค [meok-da] โ€” to eat โ†’ ๋จน์„ ๋งŒํผ โ€” as much as one will eat
  • ๋ฏฟ๋‹ค [mit-da] โ€” to trust โ†’ ๋ฏฟ์„ ๋งŒํผ โ€” enough to trust
  • ์ข‹๋‹ค [jo-ta] โ€” to be good โ†’ ์ข‹์„ ๋งŒํผ โ€” good enough
  • ๋งŽ๋‹ค [man-ta] โ€” to be many/much โ†’ ๋งŽ์„ ๋งŒํผ โ€” enough to be a lot
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3. ใ„น-ending stems: drop one ใ„น + ใ„น ๋งŒํผ

When the stem already ends in ใ„น, the stem-final ใ„น drops before ใ„น.
  • ์‚ด๋‹ค [sal-da] โ€” to live โ†’ ์‚ด ๋งŒํผ โ€” enough to live
  • ์•Œ๋‹ค [al-da] โ€” to know โ†’ ์•Œ ๋งŒํผ โ€” enough to know
  • ๊ธธ๋‹ค [gil-da] โ€” to be long โ†’ ๊ธธ ๋งŒํผ โ€” long enough
  • ๋ฉ€๋‹ค [meol-da] โ€” to be far โ†’ ๋ฉ€ ๋งŒํผ โ€” far enough
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4. Noun + ๋งŒํผ

With nouns, ๋งŒํผ works like a particle and attaches directly.
  • ์นœ๊ตฌ๋งŒํผ โ€” as much as a friend / like a friend in degree
  • ๋‚˜๋งŒํผ โ€” as much as me
  • ์„œ์šธ๋งŒํผ โ€” as much as Seoul / to the extent of Seoul
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This lesson focuses on the verb/adjective pattern -(์œผ)ใ„น ๋งŒํผ, but knowing the noun version helps you avoid spacing mistakes.

๐Ÿ› ๏ธ How It Works in a Sentence

Pattern A: Result + -(์œผ)ใ„น ๋งŒํผ + adjective/verb

Use this to say something is so much / so strong / so intense that a result could happen.
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  • ์ž ์ด ์˜ฌ ๋งŒํผ ํ”ผ๊ณคํ•ด์š”.
    • [ja-mi ol man-keum pi-go-nae-yo] โ€” Iโ€™m tired enough to feel sleepy. ๐Ÿ˜ด
      ์ž ์ด ์˜ค๋‹ค = to feel sleepy; ํ”ผ๊ณคํ•˜๋‹ค = to be tired.
  • ๋ˆˆ๋ฌผ์ด ๋‚  ๋งŒํผ ์Šฌํސ์–ด์š”.
    • [nun-mu-ri nal man-keum seul-peo-sseo-yo] โ€” I was sad enough to cry. ๐Ÿ˜ข
      ์Šฌํ”„๋‹ค = to be sad.
  • ์ฐธ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๋งŒํผ ์•„ํŒ ์–ด์š”.
    • [cha-meul su eop-seul man-keum a-pa-sseo-yo] โ€” It hurt to the point that I couldnโ€™t bear it. ๐Ÿค•
      ์ฐธ๋‹ค = to endure; ์•„ํ”„๋‹ค = to hurt / be sick.
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Pattern B: Verb + ๋งŒํผ = as much as one will/can do

Use this to set a practical amount.
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  • ๋จน์„ ๋งŒํผ๋งŒ ๋‹ด์œผ์„ธ์š”.
    • [meo-geul man-keum-man da-meu-se-yo] โ€” Please put only as much as you will eat. ๐Ÿš
      ๋‹ด๋‹ค = to put into / serve.
  • ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๋งŒํผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”.
    • [pi-ryo-hal man-keum ga-jyeo-ga-se-yo] โ€” Take as much as you need. ๐Ÿ›๏ธ
      ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค = to need / be necessary.
  • ์‰ด ๋งŒํผ ์‰ฌ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
    • [swil man-keum swi-eo-sseo-yo] โ€” I rested as much as I needed to. ๐ŸŒฟ
      ์‰ฌ๋‹ค = to rest.
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Pattern C: -(์œผ)ใ„น ๋งŒํผ + noun

Use this when ๋งŒํผ describes the degree before a noun phrase.
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  • ์ถ”์ฒœํ•  ๋งŒํผ ์ข‹์€ ์ฑ…์ด์—์š”.
    • [chu-cheon-hal man-keum jo-eun chae-gi-e-yo] โ€” Itโ€™s a book good enough to recommend. ๐Ÿ“š
      ์ถ”์ฒœํ•˜๋‹ค = to recommend; ์ฑ… = book.
  • ๋ฏฟ์„ ๋งŒํผ ํ™•์‹คํ•œ ์ •๋ณด์˜ˆ์š”.
    • [mi-deul man-keum hwak-sil-han jeong-bo-ye-yo] โ€” Itโ€™s reliable enough information to trust. โœ…
      ํ™•์‹คํ•˜๋‹ค = to be certain; ์ •๋ณด = information.
  • ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•  ๋งŒํผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด์—์š”.
    • [gi-eo-kal man-keum jung-yo-han nae-yong-i-e-yo] โ€” Itโ€™s important enough content to remember. ๐Ÿง 
      ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋‹ค = to remember; ๋‚ด์šฉ = content.

๐Ÿงฉ General Formation Rule

Vowel stems

Remove ๋‹ค, then add ใ„น ๋งŒํผ.
  • ๊ฐ€๋‹ค โ†’ ๊ฐˆ ๋งŒํผ
  • ๋ณด๋‹ค โ†’ ๋ณผ ๋งŒํผ
  • ํฌ๋‹ค โ†’ ํด ๋งŒํผ
  • ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋‹ค โ†’ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ๋งŒํผ
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Consonant stems

Remove ๋‹ค, then add ์„ ๋งŒํผ.
  • ๋จน๋‹ค โ†’ ๋จน์„ ๋งŒํผ
  • ์ฝ๋‹ค โ†’ ์ฝ์„ ๋งŒํผ
  • ๋ฏฟ๋‹ค โ†’ ๋ฏฟ์„ ๋งŒํผ
  • ์ข‹๋‹ค โ†’ ์ข‹์„ ๋งŒํผ
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ใ„น stems

Drop the stem-final ใ„น, then add ใ„น ๋งŒํผ.
  • ์‚ด๋‹ค โ†’ ์‚ด ๋งŒํผ
  • ์•Œ๋‹ค โ†’ ์•Œ ๋งŒํผ
  • ๊ธธ๋‹ค โ†’ ๊ธธ ๋งŒํผ
  • ๋ฉ€๋‹ค โ†’ ๋ฉ€ ๋งŒํผ
โœ๏ธ
Spacing note
When ๋งŒํผ follows a verb/adjective modifier, it is a dependent noun, so write it with a space:
  • โœ… ๋จน์„ ๋งŒํผ
  • โœ… ๋ฏฟ์„ ๋งŒํผ
  • โœ… ์šธ ๋งŒํผ
  • โŒ ๋จน์„๋งŒํผ
  • โŒ ๋ฏฟ์„๋งŒํผ
But after nouns, attach it: โœ… ๋‚˜๋งŒํผ, โœ… ์นœ๊ตฌ๋งŒํผ.

๐Ÿ“š Cross-check note

This lesson was cross-checked against National Institute of Korean Language resources at korean.go.kr. Korean.go.kr explains ๋งŒํผ as a dependent noun after forms like -์€, -๋Š”, and -์„, meaning an amount or degree corresponding to the preceding content, as in ๋จน์„ ๋งŒํผ. It also distinguishes this from particle ๋งŒํผ after nouns, which attaches directly, as in ๋‚˜๋งŒํผ. โœ…

๐Ÿ” -(์œผ)ใ„น ๋งŒํผ vs Related Grammar

-(์œผ)ใ„น ๋งŒํผ

Degree/extent; often โ€œenough toโ€ or โ€œto the point of.โ€
  • ์šธ ๋งŒํผ ๊ฐ๋™์ ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”. โ€” It was moving enough to cry.
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-(์œผ)ใ„น ์ •๋„๋กœ

Very similar: โ€œto the degree that / to the point that.โ€ It often feels slightly more explanatory or measured.
  • ์šธ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๊ฐ๋™์ ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”. โ€” It was moving to the point of crying.
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-๋งŒํผ after nouns

Comparison of degree: โ€œas much as / as ... as.โ€
  • ์–ธ๋‹ˆ๋งŒํผ ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ํ•ด์š”. โ€” I cook as well as my older sister.
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-(์œผ)ใ„ด/๋Š” ๋งŒํผ

Reason/ground or proportion: โ€œsince / as much as.โ€
  • ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•˜์–ด์š”. โ€” Since I worked hard / in proportion to how hard I worked, the result was good.
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-(์œผ)ใ„น ๋งŒํ•˜๋‹ค

Worth doing / possible enough to do.
  • ์ด ์˜ํ™”๋Š” ๋ณผ ๋งŒํ•ด์š”. โ€” This movie is worth watching.
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Quick contrast

  • ๋ณผ ๋งŒํผ ๋ดค์–ด์š”. โ€” I watched as much as I needed/wanted to watch.
  • ๋ณผ ๋งŒํ•ด์š”. โ€” It is worth watching.

๐Ÿชž Synonym Alert

Possible English translations:
  • โ€œenough to...โ€ โ†’ ๋ฏฟ์„ ๋งŒํผ ์ข‹์•„์š”. โ€” It is good enough to trust.
  • โ€œto the point that...โ€ โ†’ ๋ˆˆ๋ฌผ์ด ๋‚  ๋งŒํผ ๊ฐ๋™์ ์ด์—์š”. โ€” It is moving to the point that tears come.
  • โ€œso... that...โ€ โ†’ ์ฐธ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๋งŒํผ ์•„ํŒŒ์š”. โ€” It hurts so much that I canโ€™t bear it.
  • โ€œas much as...โ€ โ†’ ๋จน์„ ๋งŒํผ๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”. โ€” Take only as much as you will eat.
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Useful companion words:
  • ๋ˆˆ๋ฌผ์ด ๋‚˜๋‹ค โ€” tears come / to cry
  • ์ฐธ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค โ€” cannot endure
  • ๋ฏฟ๋‹ค โ€” to trust
  • ์ถ”์ฒœํ•˜๋‹ค โ€” to recommend
  • ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค โ€” to need
  • ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋‹ค โ€” to be enough

โš ๏ธ Pitfalls to Dodge

  • โŒ ๋จน์„๋งŒํผ โ†’ โœ… ๋จน์„ ๋งŒํผ.
  • โŒ ๋ฏฟใ„น ๋งŒํผ โ†’ โœ… ๋ฏฟ์„ ๋งŒํผ.
  • โŒ ์•Œ์„ ๋งŒํผ โ†’ โœ… ์•Œ ๋งŒํผ.
  • โŒ ๋‚˜ ๋งŒํผ โ†’ โœ… ๋‚˜๋งŒํผ when ๋งŒํผ follows a noun.
  • โŒ Confusing ๋ณผ ๋งŒํผ with ๋ณผ ๋งŒํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ โœ… ๋ณผ ๋งŒํผ = as much as one will watch; ๋ณผ ๋งŒํ•˜๋‹ค = worth watching.
  • โŒ Using -(์œผ)ใ„น ๋งŒํผ without a degree/result โ†’ โœ… Make the extent clear: ์šธ ๋งŒํผ, ๋ฏฟ์„ ๋งŒํผ, ์ฐธ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๋งŒํผ.
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๐ŸŽ‰ Now you can describe degree and extent in Korean: ์šธ ๋งŒํผ ๊ฐ๋™์ ์ด์—์š”, ๋ฏฟ์„ ๋งŒํผ ์ข‹์•„์š”, ๋จน์„ ๋งŒํผ๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”. Small spacing, big meaning. ๐Ÿ“โœจ
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Try this exercise

Instructions: Complete each sentence with the correct -(์œผ)ใ„น ๋งŒํผ form. Keep the blank outside the purple Korean so you can focus on the form and spacing.
1. ์šธ๋‹ค โ†’ ๋ˆˆ๋ฌผ์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ฐ๋™์ ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
[ul-da โ†’ nun-mu-ri ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ gam-dong-jeo-gi-eo-sseo-yo]
It was moving enough to make me cry. ๐Ÿฅน
Answer
๋‚  ๋งŒํผ โ€” from ๋ˆˆ๋ฌผ์ด ๋‚˜๋‹ค, โ€œtears come.โ€
2. ๋จน๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”.
[meok-da โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ-man ga-jyeo-ga-se-yo]
Take only as much as you will eat. ๐Ÿš
Answer
๋จน์„ ๋งŒํผ โ†’ ๋จน์„ ๋งŒํผ๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”.
3. ๋ฏฟ๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ข‹์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์—์š”.
[mit-da โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ jo-eun sa-ra-mi-e-yo]
They are good enough to trust. ๐Ÿค
Answer
๋ฏฟ์„ ๋งŒํผ.
4. ์ถ”์ฒœํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ข‹์€ ์ฑ…์ด์—์š”.
[chu-cheon-ha-da โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ jo-eun chae-gi-e-yo]
It is a book good enough to recommend. ๐Ÿ“š
Answer
์ถ”์ฒœํ•  ๋งŒํผ.
5. ์•Œ๋‹ค โ†’ ์ด์ œ ํ˜ผ์ž ํ•  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋์–ด์š”.
[al-da โ†’ i-je hon-ja hal ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ al-ge dwae-sseo-yo]
Now I know enough to do it alone.
Answer
๋งŒํผ can follow ํ• : ํ˜ผ์ž ํ•  ๋งŒํผ. A natural full sentence: ์ด์ œ ํ˜ผ์ž ํ•  ๋งŒํผ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋์–ด์š”.
6. โŒ ๋จน์„๋งŒํผ โ†’ โœ… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
๋จน์„ ๋งŒํผ.
7. โŒ ๋‚˜ ๋งŒํผ โ†’ โœ… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
๋‚˜๋งŒํผ โ€” after a noun/pronoun, attach ๋งŒํผ.
8. ์ฐธ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์•„ํŒ ์–ด์š”.
It hurt to the point I couldnโ€™t bear it.
Answer
์ฐธ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๋งŒํผ ์•„ํŒ ์–ด์š”.
9. Which means โ€œworth watchingโ€? ๋ณผ ๋งŒํผ / ๋ณผ ๋งŒํ•˜๋‹ค
Answer
๋ณผ ๋งŒํ•˜๋‹ค = worth watching. ๋ณผ ๋งŒํผ = as much as one will watch / enough to watch.
10. -(์œผ)ใ„น ๋งŒํผ is strongest when it shows:
Answer
Degree or extent โ€” enough to do something / to the point that something happens.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ๋ˆˆ๋ฌผ์ด ๋‚˜๋‹ค โ†’ tears come / to cry
  • ๊ฐ๋™์ ์ด๋‹ค โ†’ to be moving
  • ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€๋‹ค โ†’ to take
  • ๋ฏฟ๋‹ค โ†’ to trust
  • ์ถ”์ฒœํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to recommend
  • ํ˜ผ์ž โ†’ alone
  • ์ฐธ๋‹ค โ†’ to endure
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก If ๋งŒํผ follows a verb/adjective modifier, leave a space. If it follows a noun/pronoun, attach it.

๐Ÿš€
Want more reps? The Practice Hub below gives you a full -(์œผ)ใ„น ๋งŒํผ workout. ๐Ÿ“
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๐Ÿ“ฆ
๐ŸŽฏ Practice Hub โ€” To the point of / Enough to: -(์œผ)ใ„น ๋งŒํผ
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Welcome to the degree-and-extent gym. ๐Ÿ“ Youโ€™ll practice building -(์œผ)ใ„น ๋งŒํผ, fixing spacing, choosing between ๋งŒํผ, ์ •๋„๋กœ, and ๋งŒํ•˜๋‹ค, and making natural โ€œenough to...โ€ sentences.
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๐Ÿ”Š Audio reminder: Use
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
whenever you want to hear the completed sentence aloud.
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Exercise 1 โ€” Form Builder ๐Ÿ”ง

A. ๊ฐ€๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
๊ฐˆ ๋งŒํผ.
B. ๋ณด๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
๋ณผ ๋งŒํผ.
C. ๋จน๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
๋จน์„ ๋งŒํผ.
D. ์ฝ๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
์ฝ์„ ๋งŒํผ.
E. ๋ฏฟ๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
๋ฏฟ์„ ๋งŒํผ.
F. ์ข‹๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
์ข‹์„ ๋งŒํผ.
G. ์•Œ๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
์•Œ ๋งŒํผ.
H. ์‚ด๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
์‚ด ๋งŒํผ.
I. ๋ฐ”์˜๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
๋ฐ”์  ๋งŒํผ.
J. ๋‚˜ โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
๋‚˜๋งŒํผ โ€” noun/pronoun + ๋งŒํผ attaches.
๐Ÿ“š
Form Box
  • Vowel stem โ†’ ใ„น ๋งŒํผ
  • Consonant stem โ†’ ์„ ๋งŒํผ
  • ใ„น stem โ†’ ์•Œ ๋งŒํผ, ์‚ด ๋งŒํผ
  • Noun/pronoun โ†’ ๋งŒํผ attached: ๋‚˜๋งŒํผ, ์นœ๊ตฌ๋งŒํผ
Spacing: ๋จน์„ ๋งŒํผ, but ๋‚˜๋งŒํผ.
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Exercise 2 โ€” Complete the Degree ๐Ÿ“

A. ๋ˆˆ๋ฌผ์ด ๋‚  ๋งŒํผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
๊ฐ๋™์ ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”. โ€” It was moving enough to cry.
B. ์ฐธ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๋งŒํผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
์•„ํŒ ์–ด์š”. โ€” It hurt so much I couldnโ€™t bear it.
C. ๋ฏฟ์„ ๋งŒํผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์—์š”.
Answer
์ข‹์€. โ€” A person good enough to trust.
D. ์ถ”์ฒœํ•  ๋งŒํผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ฑ…์ด์—์š”.
Answer
์ข‹์€. โ€” A book good enough to recommend.
E. ๋จน์„ ๋งŒํผ๋งŒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”. โ€” Take only as much as you will eat.
F. ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๋งŒํผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”. โ€” Take as much as you need.
G. ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•  ๋งŒํผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด์—์š”.
Answer
์ค‘์š”ํ•œ. โ€” Important enough to remember.
H. ํ˜ผ์ž ํ•  ๋งŒํผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
์—ฐ์Šตํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. โ€” I practiced enough to do it alone.
I. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ณผ ๋งŒํผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”. โ€” It was fun enough to watch again.
J. ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๋งŒํผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
ํ–‰๋ณตํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. โ€” I was happy beyond words.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ๊ฐ๋™์ ์ด๋‹ค โ†’ to be moving
  • ์ฐธ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค โ†’ cannot bear
  • ์ถ”์ฒœํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to recommend
  • ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to need
  • ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to remember
  • ํ˜ผ์ž ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to do alone
  • ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ณด๋‹ค โ†’ to watch/see again
  • ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค โ†’ cannot say
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Exercise 3 โ€” Spacing Repair ๐Ÿงน

A. โŒ ๋จน์„๋งŒํผ โ†’ โœ… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
๋จน์„ ๋งŒํผ.
B. โŒ ๋ฏฟ์„๋งŒํผ โ†’ โœ… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
๋ฏฟ์„ ๋งŒํผ.
C. โŒ ์šธ๋งŒํผ โ†’ โœ… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
์šธ ๋งŒํผ.
D. โŒ ๋‚˜ ๋งŒํผ โ†’ โœ… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
๋‚˜๋งŒํผ.
E. โŒ ์นœ๊ตฌ ๋งŒํผ โ†’ โœ… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
์นœ๊ตฌ๋งŒํผ.
F. โŒ ํ•„์š”ํ• ๋งŒํผ โ†’ โœ… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๋งŒํผ.
G. โŒ ์„œ์šธ ๋งŒํผ โ†’ โœ… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
์„œ์šธ๋งŒํผ.
H. โŒ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ• ๋งŒํผ โ†’ โœ… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
๊ธฐ์–ตํ•  ๋งŒํผ.
I. โŒ ๋จน์„ ๋งŒํผ๋งŒ or ๋จน์„๋งŒํผ๋งŒ?
Answer
โœ… ๋จน์„ ๋งŒํผ๋งŒ. ๋งŒํผ is spaced after ๋จน์„, and ๋งŒ attaches to ๋งŒํผ.
J. โŒ ํ•  ๋งŒํผ ์€ โ†’ โœ… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
ํ•  ๋งŒํผ์€. ๋งŒํผ is spaced after ํ• , and ์€ attaches to ๋งŒํผ.
โš ๏ธ
Spacing Trap
Think in two groups:
  • Verb/adjective modifier + ๋งŒํผ โ†’ space: ๋จน์„ ๋งŒํผ, ์šธ ๋งŒํผ
  • Noun/pronoun + ๋งŒํผ โ†’ attach: ๋‚˜๋งŒํผ, ์นœ๊ตฌ๋งŒํผ
Particles after ๋งŒํผ attach: ๋จน์„ ๋งŒํผ๋งŒ, ํ•  ๋งŒํผ์€.
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Exercise 4 โ€” Choose the Best Pattern ๐Ÿ”

A. โ€œIt was moving enough to cry.โ€
โ‘  ์šธ ๋งŒํผ โ‘ก ์šธ ๋งŒํ•ด์š”
Answer
โ‘  ์šธ ๋งŒํผ ๊ฐ๋™์ ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
B. โ€œThis movie is worth watching.โ€
โ‘  ๋ณผ ๋งŒํผ โ‘ก ๋ณผ ๋งŒํ•ด์š”
Answer
โ‘ก ๋ณผ ๋งŒํ•ด์š”.
C. โ€œTake as much as you need.โ€
โ‘  ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๋งŒํผ โ‘ก ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ
Answer
โ‘  ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๋งŒํผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”. This focuses on the amount you will need.
D. โ€œSince you worked hard, the result was good.โ€
โ‘  ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ โ‘ก ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ํ•  ๋งŒํผ
Answer
โ‘  ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•˜์–ด์š”. This is reason/proportion, not โ€œenough to.โ€
E. โ€œI cook as well as my older sister.โ€
โ‘  ์–ธ๋‹ˆ๋งŒํผ โ‘ก ์–ธ๋‹ˆ ๋งŒํผ
Answer
โ‘  ์–ธ๋‹ˆ๋งŒํผ ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ํ•ด์š”.
F. โ€œIt hurts to the point I canโ€™t bear it.โ€
โ‘  ์ฐธ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๋งŒํผ โ‘ก ์ฐธ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋งŒํผ
Answer
โ‘  ์ฐธ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๋งŒํผ ์•„ํŒŒ์š”.
G. โ€œI learned as much as I could.โ€
โ‘  ๋ฐฐ์šธ ๋งŒํผ ๋ฐฐ์› ์–ด์š” โ‘ก ๋ฐฐ์šธ ๋งŒํ–ˆ์–ด์š”
Answer
โ‘  ๋ฐฐ์šธ ๋งŒํผ ๋ฐฐ์› ์–ด์š”.
H. โ€œIt is good enough to recommend.โ€
โ‘  ์ถ”์ฒœํ•  ๋งŒํผ ์ข‹์•„์š” โ‘ก ์ถ”์ฒœํ•œ ๋งŒํผ ์ข‹์•„์š”
Answer
โ‘  ์ถ”์ฒœํ•  ๋งŒํผ ์ข‹์•„์š”.
๐Ÿงญ
Choice Box
  • -(์œผ)ใ„น ๋งŒํผ โ†’ enough to / to the point of
  • -(์œผ)ใ„น ์ •๋„๋กœ โ†’ to the degree that; very similar
  • -(์œผ)ใ„น ๋งŒํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ worth doing / doable
  • N๋งŒํผ โ†’ as much as N
  • -(์œผ)ใ„ด/๋Š” ๋งŒํผ โ†’ since / in proportion to
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Exercise 5 โ€” Translation Challenge โœ๏ธ

A. It was moving enough to make me cry.
Answer
๋ˆˆ๋ฌผ์ด ๋‚  ๋งŒํผ ๊ฐ๋™์ ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
B. Please take only as much as you will eat.
Answer
๋จน์„ ๋งŒํผ๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”.
C. This is information reliable enough to trust.
Answer
๋ฏฟ์„ ๋งŒํผ ํ™•์‹คํ•œ ์ •๋ณด์˜ˆ์š”.
D. I practiced enough to do it alone.
Answer
ํ˜ผ์ž ํ•  ๋งŒํผ ์—ฐ์Šตํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
E. It hurts so much that I canโ€™t bear it.
Answer
์ฐธ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๋งŒํผ ์•„ํŒŒ์š”.
F. This book is good enough to recommend.
Answer
์ด ์ฑ…์€ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•  ๋งŒํผ ์ข‹์•„์š”.
G. I rested as much as I needed.
Answer
์‰ด ๋งŒํผ ์‰ฌ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
H. This is important enough to remember.
Answer
๊ธฐ์–ตํ•  ๋งŒํผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์š”.
I. It was so delicious that I wanted to eat it again.
Answer
๋‹ค์‹œ ๋จน๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋งŒํผ ๋ง›์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
J. I know enough to explain it.
Answer
์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๋งŒํผ ์•Œ์•„์š”.
๐Ÿ“
Vocabulary Box
  • ํ™•์‹คํ•œ ์ •๋ณด โ†’ reliable/certain information
  • ํ˜ผ์ž ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to do alone
  • ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to practice
  • ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be important
  • ๋ง›์žˆ๋‹ค โ†’ to be delicious
  • ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to explain
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก English โ€œso... that...โ€ often becomes -(์œผ)ใ„น ๋งŒํผ or -(์œผ)ใ„น ์ •๋„๋กœ.
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๐ŸŽ‰ Practice complete. You can now show degree and extent with -(์œผ)ใ„น ๋งŒํผ: ์šธ ๋งŒํผ, ๋จน์„ ๋งŒํผ, ๋ฏฟ์„ ๋งŒํผ, ์ถ”์ฒœํ•  ๋งŒํผ, and ์ฐธ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๋งŒํผ. The spacing is small, but the meaning is powerful. ๐Ÿ“โœจ