🧠

Intellect: To know, To learn, To think

Keywords
μ•Œλ‹€ / λ°°μš°λ‹€ / μƒκ°ν•˜λ‹€
Lesson #
S
Done
Section
Basic Vocabulary
🧭
TL;DR β€” 5 Words for This Lesson
  • μ•Œλ‹€ β€” to know
  • λ°°μš°λ‹€ β€” to learn
  • μƒκ°ν•˜λ‹€ β€” to think
  • μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λ‹€ β€” to understand
  • κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜λ‹€ β€” to remember
πŸ¦‹
Iru's Note: These five verbs are all about your mind β€” knowing facts, learning new things, thinking things through, understanding ideas, and remembering them later. They're essential for talking about your own Korean learning journey!
Example sentence using all 5 words: "ν•œκ΅­μ–΄λ₯Ό λ°°μš°λ©΄μ„œ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 단어λ₯Ό 많이 μ•Œκ²Œ λμ–΄μš”. 문법을 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λ €κ³  생각을 많이 ν–ˆκ³ , μ΄μ œλŠ” κ·Έ 단어듀을 잘 κΈ°μ–΅ν•΄μš”."
When you're ready, the next lesson is <mention-page url="
🍽️
Consumption: To eat, To drink, To buy"> β€” Consumption: To eat, To drink, To buy.

🎯 Big Picture

Learning a language is, at its core, a mental process β€” and these five verbs let you describe that process! Whether you're talking about what you know, what you're learning, what you think, what you understand, or what you remember, these words will come up constantly, especially when reflecting on your own studies.

πŸ“– Core Vocabulary Family

1. μ•Œλ‹€ (to know)

Describes knowing a fact, information, or person.
  • μ €λŠ” κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ„ μ•Œμ•„μš”. (I know that person.)
  • 정닡을 μ•Œμ•„μš”? (Do you know the answer?)
Grammar note: μ•Œλ‹€ is a γ„Ή-irregular verb. With -μ•„μš” it's regular (μ•Œ + μ•„μš” β†’ μ•Œμ•„μš”), but the γ„Ή drops before γ„΄/γ…‚/γ……/(으)μ‹œ: μ••λ‹ˆλ‹€, μ•„μ„Έμš”, μ•„λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒ.

2. λ°°μš°λ‹€ (to learn)

Describes learning a skill, subject, or piece of information.
  • μ €λŠ” ν•œκ΅­μ–΄λ₯Ό λ°°μ›Œμš”. (I'm learning Korean.)
  • μ–΄μ œ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 단어λ₯Ό λ°°μ› μ–΄μš”. (I learned new vocabulary yesterday.)
Grammar note: λ°°μš°λ‹€ ends in γ…œ, and γ…œ + μ–΄ contracts to μ›Œ: 배우 + μ–΄μš” β†’ λ°°μ›Œμš”.

3. μƒκ°ν•˜λ‹€ (to think)

Describes thinking, considering, or having an opinion about something.
  • μ €λŠ” 그게 쒋은 생각이라고 μƒκ°ν•΄μš”. (I think that's a good idea.)
  • 이 λ¬Έμ œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ 깊이 생각해 λ΄€μ–΄μš”. (I thought deeply about this problem.)
Grammar note: Regular ν•˜λ‹€ verb: μƒκ°ν•˜ + μ—¬μš” β†’ μƒκ°ν•΄μš”. Often paired with ~에 λŒ€ν•΄ (about ~) or ~라고 (that ~).

4. μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λ‹€ (to understand)

Describes comprehending an idea, explanation, or situation.
  • 이 문법을 μ΄ν•΄ν–ˆμ–΄μš”. (I understood this grammar.)
  • μ„€λͺ…을 λ“€μ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ 잘 이해가 μ•ˆ λΌμš”. (I heard the explanation, but I don't really understand it.)
Grammar note: Regular ν•˜λ‹€ verb: μ΄ν•΄ν•˜ + μ—¬μš” β†’ μ΄ν•΄ν•΄μš”. The idiom 이해가 μ•ˆ λ˜λ‹€/κ°€λ‹€ ("understanding doesn't come/go") is very common for "I don't get it."

5. κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜λ‹€ (to remember)

Describes actively remembering or memorizing something.
  • κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒ 이름을 κΈ°μ–΅ν•΄μš”. (I remember that person's name.)
  • 약속을 κΌ­ κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”. (Please be sure to remember the promise.)
Grammar note: Regular ν•˜λ‹€ verb: κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜ + μ—¬μš” β†’ κΈ°μ–΅ν•΄μš”. Compare with κΈ°μ–΅λ‚˜λ‹€ ("to come to mind"), which is more passive.

πŸ—£οΈ How They Work in a Sentence

  1. μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 문법을 배울 λ•ŒλŠ” 천천히 μƒκ°ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” 게 μ€‘μš”ν•΄μš”. (When learning new grammar, it's important to understand it while thinking slowly.)
  1. μ–΄μ œ 배운 단어λ₯Ό 였늘 λ‹€ κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ–΄μš”. (I remember all the words I learned yesterday.)
  1. μ €λŠ” κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ„ μ•Œμ§€λ§Œ, μ™œ ν™”κ°€ λ‚¬λŠ”μ§€λŠ” 이해할 수 μ—†μ–΄μš”. (I know that person, but I can't understand why they're angry.)

🧱 General Formation Rule

  • μ•Œλ‹€ is γ„Ή-irregular: μ•Œ + μ•„μš” β†’ μ•Œμ•„μš” (normal), but γ„Ή drops before γ„΄/γ…‚/γ……/(으)μ‹œ β†’ μ••λ‹ˆλ‹€, μ•„μ„Έμš”, μ•„λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒ.
  • λ°°μš°λ‹€: γ…œ + μ–΄ β†’ μ›Œ, so λ°°μš°λ‹€ β†’ λ°°μ›Œμš”.
  • μƒκ°ν•˜λ‹€ / μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λ‹€ / κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜λ‹€ are all regular ν•˜λ‹€ verbs: stem + μ—¬μš” β†’ ν•΄μš”.
  • ~에 λŒ€ν•΄ μƒκ°ν•˜λ‹€/μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λ‹€ = to think about / understand something.
  • The negative of μ•Œλ‹€ is the separate word λͺ¨λ₯΄λ‹€ (to not know) β€” not μ•ˆ μ•Œλ‹€.
πŸ”Ž
Cross-check: For official definitions and usage examples, search μ•Œλ‹€, λ°°μš°λ‹€, μƒκ°ν•˜λ‹€, μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λ‹€, and κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜λ‹€ on ν‘œμ€€κ΅­μ–΄λŒ€μ‚¬μ „ (stdict.korean.go.kr) or korean.go.kr.

πŸ” Synonym Alert

  • μ•Œλ‹€ vs μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λ‹€ β€” μ•Œλ‹€ means to know a fact or piece of information (정닡을 μ•Œμ•„μš” = I know the answer), while μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λ‹€ means to understand or comprehend a concept, reasoning, or explanation (μ™œ κ·ΈλŸ°μ§€ μ΄ν•΄ν•΄μš” = I understand why).
  • κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜λ‹€ vs κΈ°μ–΅λ‚˜λ‹€ β€” κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜λ‹€ is active: you deliberately remember or memorize something (이름을 κΈ°μ–΅ν•΄μš” = I remember the name, on purpose). κΈ°μ–΅λ‚˜λ‹€ is more passive: something simply comes to mind (κ°‘μžκΈ° κΈ°μ–΅λ‚¬μ–΄μš” = it suddenly came to mind).

⚠️ Pitfalls to Dodge

  1. Don't say μ•ˆ μ•Œμ•„μš” for "I don't know" β€” use the separate word λͺ°λΌμš” (from λͺ¨λ₯΄λ‹€).
  1. Don't say μ••λ‹ˆλ‹€ as μ•ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ β€” the γ„Ή drops before γ…‚λ‹ˆλ‹€, so the correct form is μ••λ‹ˆλ‹€.
  1. Don't say λ°°μš°μ–΄μš” β€” γ…œ + μ–΄ contracts to μ›Œ, so the correct form is λ°°μ›Œμš”.
  1. μ΄ν•΄ν•΄μš” vs 이해가 λΌμš” β€” μ΄ν•΄ν•΄μš” means "I understand (it)" (active), while 이해가 μ•ˆ λΌμš” means "it doesn't make sense to me" (more about the explanation itself).
  1. μƒκ°ν•˜λ‹€ (to think, active process) is different from μƒκ°λ‚˜λ‹€ (something comes to mind) β€” don't use them interchangeably.
μ•Œλ‹€, λ°°μš°λ‹€, μƒκ°ν•˜λ‹€, μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λ‹€, κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜λ‹€λ‘œ 생각과 ν•™μŠ΅μ„ 자유둭게 ν‘œν˜„ν•΄ λ³΄μ„Έμš”! πŸ§ πŸ’‘πŸ“–
Try this exercise
Fill in the blanks with the correct word from this lesson (μ•Œλ‹€/λ°°μš°λ‹€/μƒκ°ν•˜λ‹€/μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λ‹€/κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜λ‹€), conjugated appropriately.
  1. μ €λŠ” κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ„ ___ (know)μš”.
  1. μ €λŠ” ν•œκ΅­μ–΄λ₯Ό ___ (learn)μš”. (present)
  1. μ €λŠ” 그게 쒋은 생각이라고 ___ (think)μš”.
  1. 이 문법을 ___ (understood)μ–΄μš”. (past tense)
  1. κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒ 이름을 ___ (remember)μš”.
  1. 정닡을 ___? (do you know?)
  1. μ–΄μ œ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 단어λ₯Ό ___ (learned)μ–΄μš”. (past tense)
  1. μ„€λͺ…을 λ“€μ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ 잘 ___ κ°€ μ•ˆ λΌμš”. (understanding)
  1. 약속을 κΌ­ ___ (remember, imperative honorific)μ„Έμš”.
  1. μ €λŠ” 정닡을 ___. (don't know β€” use λͺ¨λ₯΄λ‹€, not μ•ˆ μ•Œλ‹€)
Answer Key
  1. μ•Œμ•„ 2. λ°°μ›Œ 3. 생각해 4. μ΄ν•΄ν–ˆ 5. κΈ°μ–΅ν•΄ 6. μ•Œμ•„μš” 7. λ°°μ›  8. 이해 9. κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜ 10. λͺ°λΌμš”
πŸ“¦
Vocabulary Box: μ•Œλ‹€(to know, γ„Ή-irregular), λ°°μš°λ‹€(to learn, β†’λ°°μ›Œμš”), μƒκ°ν•˜λ‹€(to think), μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λ‹€(to understand), κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜λ‹€(to remember)
⚠️
Pitfalls Recap: "I don't know" = λͺ°λΌμš” (not μ•ˆ μ•Œμ•„μš”) Β· μ•Œλ‹€ β†’ μ••λ‹ˆλ‹€ (γ„Ή drops) Β· λ°°μš°λ‹€ β†’ λ°°μ›Œμš” (γ…œ+μ–΄β†’μ›Œ) Β· μ΄ν•΄ν•΄μš” vs 이해가 μ•ˆ λΌμš” Β· μƒκ°ν•˜λ‹€ β‰  μƒκ°λ‚˜λ‹€.
πŸ”₯
Want more reps? Head to the Practice Hub below for 50 more questions on these words plus 10 bonus vocabulary words!
Β 
πŸ“¦
Practice Hub β€” Time to put μ•Œλ‹€, λ°°μš°λ‹€, μƒκ°ν•˜λ‹€, μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λ‹€, and κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜λ‹€ to work! Along the way, you'll pick up 10 bonus words: λͺ¨λ₯΄λ‹€, κΈ°μ–΅λ‚˜λ‹€, μƒκ°λ‚˜λ‹€, κΉ¨λ‹«λ‹€, μžŠλ‹€, ν—·κ°ˆλ¦¬λ‹€, μ•Œμ•„λ³΄λ‹€, μ΅νžˆλ‹€, κΆκΈˆν•˜λ‹€, μƒμƒν•˜λ‹€.

Exercise 1 β€” Word Recall: Korean β†’ English πŸ‡°πŸ‡·βž‘οΈπŸ‡¬πŸ‡§

  1. μ•Œλ‹€
Answer Key
to know
  1. λ°°μš°λ‹€
Answer Key
to learn
  1. μƒκ°ν•˜λ‹€
Answer Key
to think
  1. μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λ‹€
Answer Key
to understand
  1. κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜λ‹€
Answer Key
to remember
  1. λͺ¨λ₯΄λ‹€
Answer Key
to not know
  1. κΈ°μ–΅λ‚˜λ‹€
Answer Key
to come to mind / recall
  1. μƒκ°λ‚˜λ‹€
Answer Key
to come to mind
  1. κΉ¨λ‹«λ‹€
Answer Key
to realize
  1. μžŠλ‹€
Answer Key
to forget

Exercise 2 β€” Word Recall: English β†’ Korean πŸ‡¬πŸ‡§βž‘οΈπŸ‡°πŸ‡·

  1. to be confused
Answer Key
ν—·κ°ˆλ¦¬λ‹€
  1. to find out / recognize
Answer Key
μ•Œμ•„λ³΄λ‹€
  1. to master / get used to
Answer Key
μ΅νžˆλ‹€
  1. to be curious
Answer Key
κΆκΈˆν•˜λ‹€
  1. to imagine
Answer Key
μƒμƒν•˜λ‹€
  1. to know
Answer Key
μ•Œλ‹€
  1. to learn
Answer Key
λ°°μš°λ‹€
  1. to think
Answer Key
μƒκ°ν•˜λ‹€
  1. to understand
Answer Key
μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λ‹€
  1. to remember
Answer Key
κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜λ‹€

Exercise 3 β€” Conjugation Practice πŸ”§

Conjugate each verb into the polite present tense (-μ•„μš”/μ–΄μš”/ν•΄μš”).
  1. μ•Œλ‹€ β†’ ?
Answer Key
μ•Œμ•„μš”
  1. λ°°μš°λ‹€ β†’ ?
Answer Key
λ°°μ›Œμš” (γ…œ+μ–΄β†’μ›Œ)
  1. μƒκ°ν•˜λ‹€ β†’ ?
Answer Key
μƒκ°ν•΄μš”
  1. μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λ‹€ β†’ ?
Answer Key
μ΄ν•΄ν•΄μš”
  1. κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜λ‹€ β†’ ?
Answer Key
κΈ°μ–΅ν•΄μš”
  1. μ•Œλ‹€ + μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ form β†’ ?
Answer Key
μ••λ‹ˆλ‹€ (γ„Ή drops before γ…‚)
  1. μ•Œλ‹€ β†’ modifier form (+ μ‚¬λžŒ, "person who knows")?
Answer Key
μ•„λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒ (γ„Ή drops before λŠ”)
  1. μ•Œλ‹€ + (으)μ„Έμš” form β†’ ?
Answer Key
μ•„μ„Έμš” (γ„Ή drops before μ„Έμš”)
  1. "I don't know" β†’ ?
Answer Key
λͺ°λΌμš” (from λͺ¨λ₯΄λ‹€, not μ•ˆ μ•Œμ•„μš”)
  1. μžŠλ‹€ β†’ past tense?
Answer Key
μžŠμ—ˆμ–΄μš”
πŸ“š
Quick Reference: μ•Œλ‹€(to know, γ„Ή-irreg)/λ°°μš°λ‹€(to learn, β†’λ°°μ›Œμš”)/μƒκ°ν•˜λ‹€(to think)/μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λ‹€(to understand)/κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜λ‹€(to remember) β€” "don't know" = λͺ°λΌμš”.

Exercise 4 β€” Sentence Translation: English β†’ Korean ✍️

  1. I know that person.
Answer Key
μ €λŠ” κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ„ μ•Œμ•„μš”.
  1. I'm learning Korean.
Answer Key
μ €λŠ” ν•œκ΅­μ–΄λ₯Ό λ°°μ›Œμš”.
  1. I think that's a good idea.
Answer Key
μ €λŠ” 그게 쒋은 생각이라고 μƒκ°ν•΄μš”.
  1. I understood this grammar.
Answer Key
이 문법을 μ΄ν•΄ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
  1. I remember that person's name.
Answer Key
κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒ 이름을 κΈ°μ–΅ν•΄μš”.
  1. I don't know.
Answer Key
λͺ°λΌμš”.
  1. I suddenly remembered it.
Answer Key
κ°‘μžκΈ° κΈ°μ–΅λ‚¬μ–΄μš”.
  1. I forgot the password.
Answer Key
λΉ„λ°€λ²ˆν˜Έλ₯Ό μžŠμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
  1. I'm curious about Korea.
Answer Key
ν•œκ΅­μ— λŒ€ν•΄ κΆκΈˆν•΄μš”.
  1. I'm confused.
Answer Key
ν—·κ°ˆλ €μš”.

Exercise 5 β€” Mixed Review: Opposite Pairs ↔️

Match each word with its opposite or contrasting word.
  1. μ•Œλ‹€ ↔ ?
Answer Key
λͺ¨λ₯΄λ‹€
  1. κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜λ‹€ ↔ ?
Answer Key
μžŠλ‹€
  1. μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λ‹€ ↔ ?
Answer Key
ν—·κ°ˆλ¦¬λ‹€ / 이해가 μ•ˆ λ˜λ‹€
  1. κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λ‹€ ↔ ?
Answer Key
λ°°μš°λ‹€
  1. κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜λ‹€ ↔ ?
Answer Key
κΈ°μ–΅λ‚˜λ‹€ (active vs passive)
  1. μ•Œμ•„λ³΄λ‹€ ↔ ?
Answer Key
λͺ¨λ₯΄κ³  μ§€λ‚˜μΉ˜λ‹€ (to overlook without knowing)
  1. κΉ¨λ‹«λ‹€ ↔ ?
Answer Key
λͺ¨λ₯΄κ³  μžˆλ‹€ (to be unaware)
  1. μ΅νžˆλ‹€ ↔ ?
Answer Key
μžŠλ‹€ / μ„œνˆ΄λ‹€ (to forget / to be unskilled)
  1. κΆκΈˆν•˜λ‹€ ↔ ?
Answer Key
관심 μ—†λ‹€ (to be uninterested)
  1. μƒκ°λ‚˜λ‹€ ↔ ?
Answer Key
μžŠμ–΄λ²„λ¦¬λ‹€ (to forget completely)
μ•Œλ‹€, λ°°μš°λ‹€, μƒκ°ν•˜λ‹€, μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λ‹€, κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜λ‹€λ‘œ 생각과 ν•™μŠ΅μ„ 자유둭게 ν‘œν˜„ν•΄ λ³΄μ„Έμš”! πŸ§ πŸ’‘πŸ“–