๐Ÿ›๏ธ

Intermediate Check-in: Formal Arguments

Keywords
์ค‘๊ธ‰ 7๋‹จ๊ณ„ ์ ๊ฒ€
Lesson #
S
Done
Section
Intermediate Grammar
๐Ÿ›๏ธ
TL;DR ๐Ÿฆ„
  • This is an Intermediate Check-in for formal Korean argument grammar.
  • Youโ€™ll practice defining terms, giving evidence, citing examples, reporting research, connecting causes/results, and writing formal conclusions.
  • Open the Answer toggles only after trying. The goal is to see whether you can choose grammar by argument function, not just English translation.
๐Ÿ”Š
๐ŸŽง Iru Helper Note โ€” Open
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
and listen to full formal sentences like ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ž€ ์ž์—ฐ์„ ์ง€ํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค, and ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๊ต์œก์„ ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Formal argument grammar has a slower, report-like rhythm.
ย 

๐ŸŒˆ What This Check-in Tests

This page checks whether you can build a formal argument in Korean:
ย 
  1. Define the key term
    1. -(์ด)๋ž€ ... ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค
  1. Give a reason or basis
    1. -(์œผ)๋ฏ€๋กœ, -(์œผ)ใ…์œผ๋กœ์จ, -(์œผ)ใ„ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ
  1. Report findings
    1. -๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋‹ค, -์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
  1. Give examples
    1. -์„/๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค๋‹ค
  1. Summarize the practical conclusion
    1. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ -(์œผ)ใ„ด/๋Š” ์…ˆ์ด๋‹ค
  1. Use formal limitation or restraint
    1. -(์œผ)ใ„น ๋”ฐ๋ฆ„์ด๋‹ค
ย 

๐Ÿงญ How to Use This Assessment

  1. Try each question without opening the answer.
  1. Say the completed Korean sentence aloud.
  1. Open the Answer toggle and mark yourself:
      • โœ… Correct and natural
      • ๐ŸŸก Understandable but shaky
      • โŒ Wrong grammar/function
  1. Count your score at the end.
ย 
๐Ÿ“Š
Score Guide
  • 45โ€“50: Formal argument goblin certified. Proceed. ๐Ÿ›๏ธโœจ
  • 35โ€“44: Strong, but review the grammar points you missed.
  • 25โ€“34: You understand the ideas, but formal function choice needs practice.
  • 0โ€“24: Review the formal writing/reporting lessons before continuing.

Exercise 1 โ€” Choose the Argument Function ๐Ÿงฉ

A. โ€œHappiness means a peaceful state of mind.โ€
โ‘  ํ–‰๋ณต์ด๋ž€ ๋งˆ์Œ์ด ํŽธ์•ˆํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค.
โ‘ก ํ–‰๋ณต์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๋งˆ์Œ์ด ํŽธํ•ด์š”.
Answer
โ‘  ํ–‰๋ณต์ด๋ž€ ๋งˆ์Œ์ด ํŽธ์•ˆํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. This is a formal definition.
B. โ€œAccording to the survey, satisfaction was high.โ€
โ‘  ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
โ‘ก ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Answer
โ‘  ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
C. โ€œOnline education can be cited as a representative example.โ€
โ‘  ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๊ต์œก์„ ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
โ‘ก ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๊ต์œก์„ ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Answer
โ‘  ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๊ต์œก์„ ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. The example takes ์„/๋ฅผ.
D. โ€œBecause access is limited, participation is difficult.โ€ (formal written)
โ‘  ์ ‘๊ทผ์ด ์ œํ•œ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
โ‘ก ์ ‘๊ทผ์ด ์ œํ•œ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ๋„ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Answer
โ‘  ์ œํ•œ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ โ€” formal reason.
E. โ€œAs a result of analyzing the data, a new trend appeared.โ€
โ‘  ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
โ‘ก ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Answer
โ‘  ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ.
F. โ€œIn the end, it basically succeeded.โ€
โ‘  ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•œ ์…ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
โ‘ก ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•œ ์…ˆ ์น˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
Answer
โ‘  ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•œ ์…ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค = it amounts to success.
G. โ€œI am simply grateful.โ€ (formal restrained)
โ‘  ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•  ๋”ฐ๋ฆ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
โ‘ก ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋”ฐ๋ฆ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Answer
โ‘  ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•  ๋”ฐ๋ฆ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
H. โ€œBy changing habits, stress decreased.โ€
โ‘  ์Šต๊ด€์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟˆ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ค„์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
โ‘ก ์Šต๊ด€์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ค„์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Answer
โ‘  ๋ฐ”๊ฟˆ์œผ๋กœ์จ = by means of changing habits.
I. โ€œDespite the fact that costs increased, satisfaction was high.โ€
โ‘  ๋น„์šฉ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
โ‘ก ๋น„์šฉ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Answer
โ‘  ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  = despite the fact that.
J. โ€œAccording to the data, use increased.โ€
โ‘  ์ž๋ฃŒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ด์šฉ๋ฅ ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
โ‘ก ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ด์šฉ๋ฅ ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Answer
โ‘  ์ž๋ฃŒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด = according to the data.
๐Ÿ“š
Function Map
  • definition โ†’ -(์ด)๋ž€ ... ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค
  • finding โ†’ ...๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋‹ค
  • example โ†’ -์„/๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค๋‹ค
  • formal reason โ†’ -(์œผ)๋ฏ€๋กœ
  • result after process โ†’ -(์œผ)ใ„ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ
  • practical conclusion โ†’ ์…ˆ์ด๋‹ค

Exercise 2 โ€” Build the Formal Form ๐Ÿ”ง

A. ๋ฌธํ™” + definition โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์ƒํ™œ ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค.
Answer
๋ฌธํ™”๋ž€ ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์ƒํ™œ ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค.
B. ๋†’๋‹ค + ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋‹ค โ†’ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
C. ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฌธ์ œ + ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค๋‹ค โ†’ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Answer
๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
D. ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค + -(์œผ)๋ฏ€๋กœ โ†’ ๊ฐœ์„ ์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ง€๊ธˆ ํ–‰๋™ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Answer
๊ฐœ์„ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ ํ–‰๋™ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
E. ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋‹ค + -(์œผ)ใ„ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์›์ธ์„ ์ฐพ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Answer
์กฐ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์›์ธ์„ ์ฐพ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
F. ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋‹ค + ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋‹ค โ†’ ์ด์šฉ๋ฅ ์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค = increased; ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค = is increasing.
G. ํ•™์ƒ + ์…ˆ์ด๋‹ค โ†’ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ•™์ƒ์ธ ์…ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
H. ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋‹ค + ๋”ฐ๋ฆ„์ด๋‹ค โ†’ ๋„์™€์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
๋„์™€์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•  ๋”ฐ๋ฆ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
I. ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋‹ค + -(์œผ)ใ… โ†’ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Answer
์˜ค๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
J. ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋‹ค + -(์œผ)ใ…์œผ๋กœ์จ โ†’ ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Answer
๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๐Ÿง 
Form Reminders
  • vowel noun โ†’ ๋ž€; consonant noun โ†’ ์ด๋ž€
  • adjective โ†’ -(์œผ)ใ„ด ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋‹ค
  • noun conclusion โ†’ N์ธ ์…ˆ์ด๋‹ค
  • formal fact noun โ†’ -(์œผ)ใ…
  • means/method โ†’ -(์œผ)ใ…์œผ๋กœ์จ

Exercise 3 โ€” Identify the Argument Role ๐Ÿ”

For each sentence, identify the role: Definition, Evidence source, Research finding, Example, Formal reason, Result, Conclusion, Contrast, Means, or Restrained feeling.
ย 
A. ์ž์œ ๋ž€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์„ ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค.
Answer
Definition.
B. ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ฐธ์—ฌ์œจ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Answer
Research finding.
C. ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๊ต์œก์„ ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Answer
Example.
D. ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Answer
Formal reason.
E. ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Answer
Result after analysis.
F. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ ˆ์•ฝํ•œ ์…ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Answer
Conclusion / practical summary.
G. ๋น„์šฉ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋Š” ๋†’์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Answer
Contrast.
H. ์Šต๊ด€์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟˆ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Answer
Means / method.
I. ํ†ต๊ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด 1์ธ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Answer
Evidence source.
J. ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•  ๋”ฐ๋ฆ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Answer
Restrained feeling / formal gratitude.
๐Ÿ“Œ
Reading Strategy
Ask what job the sentence is doing:
  1. Is it defining the topic?
  1. Is it citing evidence?
  1. Is it giving an example?
  1. Is it interpreting the result?
  1. Is it politely limiting the speakerโ€™s stance?

Exercise 4 โ€” Repair the Formal Argument ๐Ÿ› ๏ธ

A. โŒ ํ–‰๋ณต๋ž€ ๋งˆ์Œ์ด ํŽธ์•ˆํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค.
โœ… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
ํ–‰๋ณต์ด๋ž€ ๋งˆ์Œ์ด ํŽธ์•ˆํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค.
B. โŒ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
โœ… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
C. โŒ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ด ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฉด ๋Œ€์ค‘๊ตํ†ต์ด ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
โœ… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
ํ•œ๊ตญ์„ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฉด ๋Œ€์ค‘๊ตํ†ต์ด ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
D. โŒ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ ๊ฒ€ํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ด์šฉ์ด ์ œํ•œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (formal notice)
โœ… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ ๊ฒ€ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด์šฉ์ด ์ œํ•œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
E. โŒ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์›์ธ์„ ์ฐพ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
โœ… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
์กฐ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์›์ธ์„ ์ฐพ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
F. โŒ ํ•™์ƒ ์…ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
โœ… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
ํ•™์ƒ์ธ ์…ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
G. โŒ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋”ฐ๋ฆ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
โœ… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•  ๋”ฐ๋ฆ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
H. โŒ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
โœ… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
I. โŒ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (intended: despite increased costs)
โœ… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
๋น„์šฉ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
J. โŒ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ด์šฉ๋ฅ ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
โœ… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
์ž๋ฃŒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ด์šฉ๋ฅ ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
โš ๏ธ
Common Formal Argument Traps
  • ์ด๋ž€/๋ž€ depends on the noun ending.
  • ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค needs the right noun-modifying form.
  • ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค๋‹ค takes ์„/๋ฅผ.
  • ์…ˆ์ด๋‹ค needs N์ธ before nouns.
  • -(์œผ)ใ…์œผ๋กœ์จ is not the same as ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ์จ.

Exercise 5 โ€” Mini Essay Logic ๐Ÿงช

Choose the best missing expression for each formal mini-paragraph.
ย 
A. ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ž์—ฐ์„ ์ง€ํ‚ค๊ณ  ์˜ค์—ผ์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค.
โ‘  ๋ž€ / โ‘ก ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด / โ‘ข ์ธ๋ฐ๋„
Answer
โ‘  ๋ž€.
B. ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์‘๋‹ต์ž์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜ ์ด์ƒ์ด ๋Œ€์ค‘๊ตํ†ต์„ ์ด์šฉ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
โ‘  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค / โ‘ก ํ•œ ์…ˆ ์น˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค / โ‘ข ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„
Answer
โ‘  ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
C. ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ์„œ์šธ์˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ฒ  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
โ‘  ์„ ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค / โ‘ก ์ด ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค / โ‘ข ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
Answer
โ‘  ์„ ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
D. ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ „์ฒด์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ •๋ถ€์™€ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
โ‘  ๋ฏ€๋กœ / โ‘ก ๋Š”๋ฐ๋„ / โ‘ข ๊ณ  ๋ณด๋‹ˆ
Answer
โ‘  ๋ฏธ์น˜๋ฏ€๋กœ.
E. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ด ์ •์ฑ…์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ ˆ์•ฝํ•œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
โ‘  ์…ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค / โ‘ก ์…ˆ ์น˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค / โ‘ข ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
Answer
โ‘  ์…ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
F. ๋น„์šฉ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ปธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
โ‘  ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  / โ‘ก ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ / โ‘ข ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฆ„์ด๊ณ 
Answer
โ‘  ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ .
G. ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
โ‘  ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ / โ‘ก ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ๋„ / โ‘ข ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
Answer
โ‘  ๋„์ž…ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ.
H. ๋„์™€์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
โ‘  ํ•  ๋”ฐ๋ฆ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค / โ‘ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๋”ฐ๋ฆ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค / โ‘ข ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
Answer
โ‘  ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•  ๋”ฐ๋ฆ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
I. ํ†ต๊ณ„๏ผฟ๏ผฟ 1์ธ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์† ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
โ‘  ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด / โ‘ก ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด / โ‘ข ์œผ๋กœ์จ
Answer
โ‘  ํ†ต๊ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด.
J. ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
โ‘  ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ / โ‘ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๋”ฐ๋ฆ„ / โ‘ข ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒ™
Answer
โ‘  ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ.
๐Ÿ“š
Mini Essay Flow
  1. Define the issue.
  1. Cite evidence.
  1. Give an example.
  1. Explain cause/result.
  1. Conclude with what the evidence amounts to.

Exercise 6 โ€” Translation Challenge โœ๏ธ

Translate the English meaning into formal Korean using the target grammar.
ย 
A. โ€œEnvironmental protection means protecting nature.โ€
Target: -(์ด)๋ž€ ... ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค
Answer
ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ž€ ์ž์—ฐ์„ ์ง€ํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค.
B. โ€œThe survey found that satisfaction was high.โ€
Target: -๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋‹ค
Answer
์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
C. โ€œOnline education can be cited as a representative example.โ€
Target: -์„/๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค๋‹ค
Answer
๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๊ต์œก์„ ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
D. โ€œBecause the issue is serious, action is necessary.โ€
Target: -(์œผ)๋ฏ€๋กœ
Answer
๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์กฐ์น˜๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
E. โ€œAs a result of analyzing the data, the cause was found.โ€
Target: -(์œผ)ใ„ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ
Answer
์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์›์ธ์„ ์ฐพ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
F. โ€œIn the end, it amounts to a success.โ€
Target: ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ -(์œผ)ใ„ด/๋Š” ์…ˆ์ด๋‹ค
Answer
๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•œ ์…ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
G. โ€œWe can only wait for the result.โ€
Target: -(์œผ)ใ„น ๋”ฐ๋ฆ„์ด๋‹ค
Answer
๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆด ๋”ฐ๋ฆ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
H. โ€œBy changing the system, we can reduce mistakes.โ€
Target: -(์œผ)ใ…์œผ๋กœ์จ
Answer
์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟˆ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
I. โ€œDespite the fact that costs increased, the result was positive.โ€
Target: -(์œผ)ใ…์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
Answer
๋น„์šฉ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ธ์ •์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
J. โ€œAccording to the data, use increased.โ€
Target: -์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
Answer
์ž๋ฃŒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ด์šฉ๋ฅ ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๐Ÿ“
Vocabulary Box
  • ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ณดํ˜ธ โ†’ environmental protection
  • ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ โ†’ satisfaction level
  • ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ โ†’ representative example
  • ์กฐ์น˜ โ†’ measure/action
  • ์›์ธ โ†’ cause
  • ์ œ๋„ โ†’ system/institution
  • ๊ธ์ •์  โ†’ positive
  • ์ด์šฉ๋ฅ  โ†’ usage rate

๐Ÿงฎ Final Score & Next Steps

Count your correct answers out of 50:
  • Exercise 1: 10
  • Exercise 2: 10
  • Exercise 3: 10
  • Exercise 4: 10
  • Exercise 5: 10
  • Exercise 6: 10 (choose your best 10 for a 50-point score, or count all for 60 bonus mode)
ย 
๐Ÿ
Review Plan
  • Missed many definition questions? Review -(์ด)๋ž€ ... ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค.
  • Missed many research/reporting questions? Review -๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋‹ค and -(์œผ)ใ„ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ.
  • Missed many example questions? Review -์„/๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค๋‹ค.
  • Missed many formal logic questions? Review -(์œผ)๋ฏ€๋กœ, -(์œผ)ใ…์œผ๋กœ์จ, and -(์œผ)ใ…์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ .
  • Missed many conclusion questions? Review ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ -(์œผ)ใ„ด/๋Š” ์…ˆ์ด๋‹ค.
ย 
๐ŸŽ‰ Formal argument check-in complete. If you can define, cite, exemplify, report, and conclude in Korean, your intermediate writing is becoming much more structured and persuasive. ๐Ÿ›๏ธโœจ